重
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han characterEdit
重 (radical 166 里+2, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹十田土 (HJWG), four-corner 20104, composition ⿱千里)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1291, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40132
- Dae Jaweon: page 1791, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3680, character 2
- Unihan data for U+91CD
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
重 | |
---|---|---|
alt. forms | 仲 Cantonese “still; furthermore” |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 重 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (重) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
---|---|
Old Chinese | |
撞 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
幢 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
橦 | *rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ |
噇 | *rdoːŋ |
𩪘 | *rdoːŋ |
艟 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
憧 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
畽 | *tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ |
董 | *toːŋʔ |
蕫 | *toːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
箽 | *toːŋʔ |
懂 | *toːŋʔ |
湩 | *toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs |
曈 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
童 | *doːŋ |
僮 | *doːŋ |
瞳 | *doːŋ |
罿 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
犝 | *doːŋ |
潼 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
穜 | *doːŋ, *doŋ |
動 | *doːŋʔ |
慟 | *doːŋs |
堹 | *toŋs |
諥 | *toŋs |
蹱 | *tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ |
重 | *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs |
緟 | *doŋ, *doŋs |
蝩 | *doŋ |
褈 | *doŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
鐘 | *tjoŋ, *tjoŋ |
鍾 | *tjoŋ |
籦 | *tjoŋ |
種 | *tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs |
腫 | *tjoŋʔ |
踵 | *tjoŋʔ |
歱 | *tjoŋʔ |
喠 | *tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ |
偅 | *tjoŋs |
衝 | *tʰjoŋ |
揰 | *tʰjoŋs |
尰 | *djoŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 東 (OC *toːŋ, “bag”). Also ideogrammic compound (會意) – a man carrying a bag. A glyph 土 (“earth”) was later added to show that the bag-carrying man is standing on the ground. From this composition is the current form.
Pronunciation 1Edit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cung5
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûng
- Min Dong (BUC): dâe̤ng / dê̤ṳng
- Min Nan (POJ): tāng / tǎng / tiōng / tiǒng
- Wu (Wiktionary): zon (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥˋ
- Wade-Giles: chung4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jonq
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: cung5
- Yale: chúhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsung5
- Guangdong Romanization: cung5
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰʊŋ¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûng
- Hakka Romanization System: cung´
- Hagfa Pinyim: cung1
- IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dâe̤ng / dê̤ṳng
- IPA (key): /tɔyŋ²⁴²/, /tøyŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- dâe̤ng - vernacular;
- dê̤ṳng - literary.
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǎng
- Tâi-lô: tǎng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiōng
- Tâi-lô: tiōng
- Phofsit Daibuun: diong
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiǒng
- Tâi-lô: tiǒng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ²²/
- tāng/tǎng - vernacular;
- tiōng/tiǒng - literary.
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zon (T3)
- IPA (key): /z̻ʊŋ²³/
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 重 |
Reading # | 2/3 |
Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | III |
Fanqie | 直隴切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɖɨoŋX/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ɖioŋX/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ȡioŋX/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɖuawŋX/ |
Li Rong |
/ȡioŋX/ |
Wang Li |
/ȡĭwoŋX/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ȡʱi̯woŋX/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhòng |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 重 |
Reading # | 2/3 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zhòng |
Middle Chinese |
‹ drjowngX › |
Old Chinese |
/*N-t<r>oŋʔ/ |
English | heavy |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 重 |
Reading # | 2/3 |
No. | 17462 |
Phonetic component |
重 |
Rime group |
東 |
Rime subdivision |
0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
重 |
Old Chinese |
/*doŋʔ/ |
Notes | 東轉註字,金文從禾東從土,爲種(植)初文 |
DefinitionsEdit
重
CompoundsEdit
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Pronunciation 2Edit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zung6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhung
- Min Dong (BUC): dâe̤ng / dê̤ṳng
- Min Nan (POJ): tāng / tǎng / tiōng / tiǒng
- Wu (Wiktionary): zon (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥˋ
- Wade-Giles: chung4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jonq
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zung6
- Yale: juhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzung6
- Guangdong Romanization: zung6
- IPA (key): /t͡sʊŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhung
- Hakka Romanization System: cung
- Hagfa Pinyim: cung4
- IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dâe̤ng / dê̤ṳng
- IPA (key): /tɔyŋ²⁴²/, /tøyŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- dâe̤ng - vernacular;
- dê̤ṳng - literary.
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǎng
- Tâi-lô: tǎng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiōng
- Tâi-lô: tiōng
- Phofsit Daibuun: diong
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiǒng
- Tâi-lô: tiǒng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ²²/
- tāng/tǎng - vernacular;
- tiōng/tiǒng - literary.
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zon (T3)
- IPA (key): /z̻ʊŋ²³/
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 重 |
Reading # | 3/3 |
Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | III |
Fanqie | 柱用切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɖɨoŋH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ɖioŋH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ȡioŋH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɖuawŋH/ |
Li Rong |
/ȡioŋH/ |
Wang Li |
/ȡĭwoŋH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ȡʱi̯woŋH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhòng |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 重 |
Reading # | 3/3 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zhòng |
Middle Chinese |
‹ drjowngH › |
Old Chinese |
/*N-t<r>oŋʔ-s/ |
English | weight (n.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 重 |
Reading # | 3/3 |
No. | 17463 |
Phonetic component |
重 |
Rime group |
東 |
Rime subdivision |
0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
重 |
Old Chinese |
/*doŋs/ |
DefinitionsEdit
重
- weight
- weighty; important
- grave; serious
- prudent
- to respect; to attach importance to
- 俗尚廉恥,人性和善少言,重佛法,域中並無宰殺。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
俗尚廉耻,人性和善少言,重佛法,域中并无宰杀。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 10, part 2
- Súshàng liánchǐ, rénxìng héshàn shǎo yán, zhòng fófǎ, yù zhōng bìng wú zǎishā. [Pinyin]
- Their traditional customs are integrity and decency; the people are good-natured and do not chatter idly, seriously respecting Buddhist law, and nothing is killed in the region.
- (Cantonese) still
- (Cantonese) even more
Pronunciation 3Edit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cung4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhiùng
- Min Dong (BUC): tṳ̀ng / dṳ̀ng
- Min Nan (POJ): têng / tâⁿ / tiông
- Wu (Wiktionary): zon (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥˊ
- Wade-Giles: ch'ung2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chongr
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: cung4
- Yale: chùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsung4
- Guangdong Romanization: cung4
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiùng
- Hakka Romanization System: qiungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: qiung2
- IPA: /t͡ɕʰi̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tṳ̀ng / dṳ̀ng
- IPA (key): /tʰyŋ⁵³/, /tyŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- tṳ̀ng - vernacular;
- dṳ̀ng - literary.
- têng, tâⁿ - vernacular;
- tiông - literary.
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zon (T3)
- IPA (key): /z̻ʊŋ²³/
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 重 |
Reading # | 1/3 |
Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | III |
Fanqie | 直容切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɖɨoŋ/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ɖioŋ/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ȡioŋ/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɖuawŋ/ |
Li Rong |
/ȡioŋ/ |
Wang Li |
/ȡĭwoŋ/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ȡʱi̯woŋ/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
chóng |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 重 |
Reading # | 1/3 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
chóng |
Middle Chinese |
‹ drjowng › |
Old Chinese |
/*[m]-troŋ/ |
English | repeat; double |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 重 |
Reading # | 1/3 |
No. | 17457 |
Phonetic component |
重 |
Rime group |
東 |
Rime subdivision |
0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
重 |
Old Chinese |
/*doŋ/ |
DefinitionsEdit
重
- to repeat; to duplicate
- (Min Dong) to stack up; to pile up; to overlay
- again; once more
- Classifier for layers of an object.
CompoundsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Goon: じゅう (jū, Jōyō)←ぢゆう (dyū, historical)
- Kan’on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)
- Kun: え (e, 重, Jōyō)←へ (fe, historical); かさなる (kasanaru, 重なる, Jōyō); かさねる (kasaneru, 重ねる, Jōyō); おも (omo, 重); おもい (omoi, 重い, Jōyō); おもなう (omonau, 重なう); おもり (omori, 重り); おもんずる (omonzuru, 重んずる)
- Nanori: さね (sane); しげ (shige); しげる (shigeru)
CompoundsEdit
- 重油 (jūyu, “fuel oil”)
- 重量 (jūryō, “weight”)
- 重力 (jūryoku, “gravity, force of gravity”)
- 重圧 (jūatsu, “pressure”)
- 重心 (jūshin, “center of gravity”)
- 重傷 (jūshō, “heavy wound”)
- 重態 (jūtai, “serious condition”)
- 重税 (jūzei, “heavy taxation”)
- 重要 (jūyō, “important, momentous”)
- 重点 (jūten, “important point, emphasis”)
- 重大 (jūdai, “serious, important”)
- 重視 (jūshi, “importance, stress”)
- 重任 (jūnin, “heavy responsibility, reappointment”)
- 重宝 (chōhō, “convenience, usefulness”)
- 重文 (jūbun, “compound sentence”)
- 重用 (jūyō, chōyō, “appointing to a responsible post”)
- 重箱 (jūbako, “nest of boxes”)
- 重奏 (jūsō, “duet”)
- 重合 (jūgō, “polymerization”)
- 重積 (jūseki, “piling up”)
- 重々, 重重 (jūjū, “repeatedly, extremely”)
- 重複 (chōfuku, jūfuku, “duplication, repetition”)
- 重盗 (jūtō, “double seal”)
- 重版 (jūhan, “second printing”)
- 重婚 (jūkon, “bigamy”)
- 重荷 (omoni, “heavy load”)
- 重い (omoi, “heavy, serious”)
- 重さ (omosa, “weight”)
- 重み (omomi, “weight, importance”)
- 重り (omori, “weight, plumb”)
- 重ね (kasane, “pile, lapping over”)
- 過重 (kajū, “overweight”)
- 体重 (taijū, “body weight”)
- 比重 (hijū, “specific gravity, relative importance”)
- 荷重 (kajū, “load”)
- 厳重 (genjū, “strict, rigor”)
- 貴重 (kichō, “precious, valuable”)
- 尊重 (sonchō, “respect, esteem”)
- 偏重 (henchō, “preponderance, overestimation”)
- 珍重 (chinchō, “prize, value highly”)
- 慎重 (shinchō, “prudence, discretion”)
- 荘重 (sōchō, “solemn, grave”)
- 多重 (tajū, “multiple, multiplex”)
- 三重 (sanjū, “threefold, triple”)
- 幾重 (ikue, ikujū, “many folds”)
- 二重 (futae, nijū, “twofold”)
- 重金属 (jūkinzoku, “heavy metal”)
- 重工業 (jūkōgyō, “heavy industry”)
- 重電機 (jūdenki, “heavy electric apparatus”)
- 重騎兵 (jūkihei, “heavy cavalry”)
- 重労働 (jūrōdō, “heavy labor”)
- 重たい (omotai, “heavy”)
- 重ねる (kasaneru, “pile up, repeat”)
- 重ねて (kasanete, “repeatedly, again”)
- 重なる (kasanaru, “be piled up, fall on”)
- 重なり (kasanari, “pile, overlapping”)
- 重商主義 (jūshōshugi, “mercantilism”)
- 重畳たる (chōjōtaru, “piled up, excellent”)
- 重苦しい (omokurushii, “heavy, oppressed”)
- 八重咲き (yaezaki, “double blossom”)
- 積み重ねる (tsumikasaneru, “pile up”)
- 折り重なる (orikasanaru, “lie on top of one another.”)
Etymology 1Edit
/pe/ → /ɸe/ → /he/.
NounEdit
- a division
- something that divides two objects
Derived termsEdit
- 隔てる (hedateru)
See alsoEdit
- 重 (e)
Etymology 2Edit
/-pe/ → /-ɸe/ → /-we/ → /-e/. Cognate with 重 (he, “division”). The divergent phonological development is due to the non-null environment caused by being suffixed to the previous morpheme.
SuffixEdit
重 (hiragana え, rōmaji -e, historical hiragana へ)
Derived termsEdit
NounEdit
Alternative formsEdit
See alsoEdit
Etymology 3Edit
PrefixEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
重 (jung)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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