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重

See also: 垂
重 U+91CD, 重
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91CD
← 里
[U+91CC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 野 →
[U+91CE]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

重 (radical 166 里+2, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹十田土 (HJWG), four-corner 20104, composition ⿱千里)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 1291, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40132
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1791, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3680, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+91CD

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 重
alt. forms 仲 Cantonese “still; furthermore”

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 重
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (重) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撞 *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
幢 *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
橦 *rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ
噇 *rdoːŋ
𩪘 *rdoːŋ
艟 *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
憧 *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
畽 *tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ
董 *toːŋʔ
蕫 *toːŋʔ, *doːŋ
箽 *toːŋʔ
懂 *toːŋʔ
湩 *toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs
曈 *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
童 *doːŋ
僮 *doːŋ
瞳 *doːŋ
罿 *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
犝 *doːŋ
潼 *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
穜 *doːŋ, *doŋ
動 *doːŋʔ
慟 *doːŋs
堹 *toŋs
諥 *toŋs
蹱 *tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ
重 *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs
緟 *doŋ, *doŋs
蝩 *doŋ
褈 *doŋ, *tʰjoŋ
鐘 *tjoŋ, *tjoŋ
鍾 *tjoŋ
籦 *tjoŋ
種 *tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs
腫 *tjoŋʔ
踵 *tjoŋʔ
歱 *tjoŋʔ
喠 *tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ
偅 *tjoŋs
衝 *tʰjoŋ
揰 *tʰjoŋs
尰 *djoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 東 (OC *toːŋ, “bag”). Also ideogrammic compound (會意) – a man carrying a bag. A glyph 土 (“earth”) was later added to show that the bag-carrying man is standing on the ground. From this composition is the current form.

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note:
  • dâe̤ng - vernacular;
  • dê̤ṳng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • tāng/tǎng - vernacular;
    • tiōng/tiǒng - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 重
    Reading # 2/3
    Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
    Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 直隴切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɖɨoŋX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɖioŋX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȡioŋX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɖuawŋX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȡioŋX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȡĭwoŋX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȡʱi̯woŋX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhòng
    Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 重
    Reading # 2/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhòng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ drjowngX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*N-t<r>oŋʔ/
    English heavy

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 重
    Reading # 2/3
    No. 17462
    Phonetic
    component         		重
    Rime
    group         		東
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		重
    Old
    Chinese         		/*doŋʔ/
    Notes 東轉註字，金文從禾東從土，爲種（植）初文

    DefinitionsEdit

    重

    1. heavy
      Antonyms: 輕／轻 (qīng)
    2. grave; serious; severe
    3. considerable (in amount)

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 重 (also includes Pronunciation 2)

    Pronunciation 2Edit

    Note:
    • dâe̤ng - vernacular;
    • dê̤ṳng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • tāng/tǎng - vernacular;
    • tiōng/tiǒng - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 重
    Reading # 3/3
    Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
    Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 柱用切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɖɨoŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɖioŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȡioŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɖuawŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȡioŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȡĭwoŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȡʱi̯woŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhòng
    Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 重
    Reading # 3/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhòng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ drjowngH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*N-t<r>oŋʔ-s/
    English weight (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 重
    Reading # 3/3
    No. 17463
    Phonetic
    component         		重
    Rime
    group         		東
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		重
    Old
    Chinese         		/*doŋs/

    DefinitionsEdit

    重

    1. weight
    2. weighty; important
    3. grave; serious
    4. prudent
    5. to respect; to attach importance to
    6. (Cantonese) still
    7. (Cantonese) even more

    Pronunciation 3Edit

    Note:
    • tṳ̀ng - vernacular;
    • dṳ̀ng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • têng, tâⁿ - vernacular;
    • tiông - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 重
    Reading # 1/3
    Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
    Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 直容切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɖɨoŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɖioŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȡioŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɖuawŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȡioŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȡĭwoŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȡʱi̯woŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		chóng
    Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 重
    Reading # 1/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		chóng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ drjowng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[m]-troŋ/
    English repeat; double

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 重
    Reading # 1/3
    No. 17457
    Phonetic
    component         		重
    Rime
    group         		東
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		重
    Old
    Chinese         		/*doŋ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    重

    1. to repeat; to duplicate
    2. (Min Dong) to stack up; to pile up; to overlay
    3. again; once more
    4. Classifier for layers of an object.

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 重

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    重

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit
    CompoundsEdit
    compounds containing "重"
    Idioms containing "重"

    Etymology 1Edit

    /pe/ → /ɸe/ → /he/.

    NounEdit

    重 (hiragana へ, rōmaji he)

    1. a division
    2. something that divides two objects
    Derived termsEdit
    See alsoEdit
    • 重 (え) (e)

    Etymology 2Edit

    /-pe/ → /-ɸe/ → /-we/ → /-e/. Cognate with 重 (he, “division”). The divergent phonological development is due to the non-null environment caused by being suffixed to the previous morpheme.

    SuffixEdit

    重 (hiragana え, rōmaji -e, historical hiragana へ)

    1. the number of overlaps; fold, layer
    Derived termsEdit

    NounEdit

    重 (hiragana おも, rōmaji omo)

    1. main, principal, important

    Alternative formsEdit

    See alsoEdit

    Etymology 3Edit

    PrefixEdit

    重 (hiragana じゅう, rōmaji jū-)

    1. heavy, weighty
    2. involving large-scale manufacture, heavy
    3. great in degree, heavy, serious, severe

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    重 (jung)

    • Eumhun:
      • Sound (hangeul): 중 (McCune-Reischauer: chung, Yale: cwung)
      • Name (hangeul): 무거울중 (Yale: mukewulcwung)
    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    重 (trọng, chồng, chuộng, trộng, trụng, trùng, chõng, trửng)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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