樺

See also: 桦 and 椛

樺 U+6A3A, 樺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A3A ← 樹 [U+6A39] CJK Unified Ideographs 樻 → [U+6A3B]

Translingual

Japanese	樺
Simplified	桦
Traditional	樺

Han character

樺 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 木廿一十 (DTMJ), four-corner 4495₄, composition ⿰木華)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 552, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15497
• Dae Jaweon: page 940, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1261, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6A3A

Chinese

trad.		樺
simp.		桦
alternative forms		華／华

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (華) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鞾	*qʰʷa
華	*qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs
譁	*qʰʷraː
樺	*ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs
嘩	*ɡʷraː
驊	*ɡʷraː
鏵	*ɡʷraː
崋	*ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwa (“birch”) (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan གྲོ་ག (gro ga, “bark of birch tree”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huà (hua⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): waa⁶ / waa⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hōa / hôa

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hua⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huà
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huà
    • Wade–Giles: hua⁴
    • Yale: hwà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huah
    • Palladius: хуа (xua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: waa⁶ / waa⁴
    • Yale: wah / wàh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: waa⁶ / waa⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wa⁶ / wa⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /waː²²/, /waː²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōa
    • Tâi-lô: huā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoa
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hua²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hua⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôa
    • Tâi-lô: huâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoaa
    • IPA (Taipei): /hua²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hua²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hua⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hua⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: hwae, hwaeH

Rime
Character	樺	樺
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	麻 (99)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	戸花切	胡化切
Baxter	hwae	hwaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠua/	/ɦˠuaH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚa/	/ɦʷᵚaH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣua/	/ɣuaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaɨ/	/ɦwaɨH/
Li Rong	/ɣua/	/ɣuaH/
Wang Li	/ɣwa/	/ɣwaH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwa/	/ɣwaH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huá	huà
Expected Cantonese Reflex	waa4	waa6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷraː/, /*ɡʷraːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	樺	樺
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	5310	5317
Phonetic component	華	華
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	華	摦
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷraː/	/*ɡʷraːs/

Definitions

樺

1. birch

Compounds

• 樺太／桦太 (Huàtài)
• 樺木／桦木 (huàmù)
• 樺燭／桦烛
• 樺皮臉／桦皮脸
• 白樺／白桦 (báihuà)

 

Japanese

Kanji

樺

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. birch
2. reddish yellow

Readings

• Go-on: げ (ge)
• Kan-on: か (ka)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
• Kun: かば (kaba, 樺); かんば (kanba); かにわ (kaniwa)^{←かには (kanifa, historical)}

Compounds

• 樺太(からふと) (Karafuto)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
樺
かば Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
椛

A shift from kaniwa below.

First appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かば [káꜜbà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ba̠]

Noun

樺(かば) or 樺(カバ) • (kaba) 

1. a birch (plant of genus Betula)
2. Short for 樺色 (kabairo, “reddish yellow”).

Usage notes

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カバ.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 樺色(かばいろ) (kabairo, “reddish yellow”)
• 樺桜(かばざくら) (kabazakura, “a sakura with birch-like bark”)
• 樺(かば)の木(き) (kaba no ki, “a birch tree”)
• 白樺(しらかば) (shirakaba, “Betula platyphylla”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
樺
かんば Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

First attested in the mid-19th century.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かんば [káꜜǹbà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kã̠mba̠]

Noun

樺(かんば) or 樺(カンバ) • (kanba) 

1. a birch (plant of genus Betula)

Usage notes

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カンバ.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 白樺(しらかんば) (shirakanba, “Betula platyphylla”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
樺
かにわ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
桜皮

⟨kanipa⟩ → /kaniɸa/ → /kaniwa/

From Old Japanese 樺 (kanipa, “sakura, sakura bark”), from Ainu カリンパ (karinpa, “sakura, sakura bark”).

Found in the Man'yōshū (book 6), completed some time after 759 CE, in sense 1. Sense 2 appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.

Compare Sakhalin Ainu カリムバニ (karimba-ni, “cherry tree; Prunus pseudocerasus”) and カリムバタツ (karimba-tat, “Betula Maximowicziana”).

Noun

樺(かにわ) • (kaniwa) ^{←かには (kanifa)?}

1. (obsolete) Japanese bird cherry (Prunus grayana) or its bark
2. (obsolete) monarch birch (Betula maximowicziana) or its bark

Korean

Hanja

樺 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)

1. birch

Synonyms

• 檀, 橽
• 자작나무 (jajangnamu)

Compounds

• 백화 (白樺, baekhwa, “Asian white birch”)

Vietnamese

Han character

樺: Hán Nôm readings: hoa

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.