華

See also: 华 and 崋
華 U+83EF, 華
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83EF
← 菮
[U+83EE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 菰 →
[U+83F0]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

華 (radical 140, 艸+8 in traditional Chinese, 艸+7 in mainland China and Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese in traditional Chinese, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, 11 strokes in Korean, cangjie input 廿一廿十 (TMTJ), four-corner 44504, composition ⿱艹⿻丅⿱艹二)

Derived charactersEdit

Related charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 1039, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31119
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1497, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3213, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+83EF

ChineseEdit

trad. 華
simp. 华

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 華
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     
Characters in the same phonetic series (華) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鞾 *qʰʷa
華 *qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs
譁 *qʰʷraː
樺 *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs
嘩 *ɡʷraː
驊 *ɡʷraː
鏵 *ɡʷraː
崋 *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs

Pictogram (象形); this was the original form of 花 (OC *hʷraː, “flower”). In the bronze inscription form, the top part of the glyph resembles flowers of a plant, and the bottom part (于) resembles its stalk and leaves. Also phono-semantic (形聲), with 于 (OC *ɢʷa) functioning as the phonetic part. In the seal script, 艸 (“grass; plant”) was added as a semantic component.

華 (𦻏) and 𠌶 were initially the same character, but they were erroneously split in Shuowen into two entries.

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note: ê6 - only used in 華美, a village in Chao'an, Guangdong.
Rime
Character 華
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 麻 (99)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 戸花切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠua/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣua/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwaɨ/
Li
Rong 		/ɣua/
Wang
Li 		/ɣwa/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣwa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huá
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 華
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		huá
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwæ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*N-qʷʰˁra/
English flower (v.); flowery (adj.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 華
Reading # 2/3
No. 5312
Phonetic
component 		華
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		華
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡʷraː/
Notes 說文於聲

DefinitionsEdit

華

  1. brilliance; magnificence
  2. (good) times; years; period
  3. young; youthful
  4. literary grace; talent for literature
  5. prestige; status; fame
  6. colourful; brilliant (especially of carvings and decorations)
  7. magnificent; gorgeous; resplendent
  8. delicious; tasty
  9. essence; quintessence
  10. (honorific) your; your honourable
  11. (exalted) Short for 華夏／华夏 (Huáxià): land of illustrious clothing and grand ritual—China; Chinese culture
  12. Short for 漢語／汉语 (hànyǔ, “Chinese language”).
  13. luxuriant; flourishing; prosperous
  14. noble; influential; eminent
  15. yellow (colour)
  16. pink; rosy
  17. grey (of hair)
  18. flashy; extravagant; showy; ostentatious; florid
  19. (historical) cover of a carriage
  20. fruit (of a cucurbit plant)
  21. (geology) sinter
  22. (chemistry) chemical produced via sublimation
  23. (astronomy) corona; ring of light
  24. Alternative form of 譁／哗 (“noisy”).

SynonymsEdit

  • (China):
Synonyms of 華

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 華

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (華):
  • → Japanese: 華(か) (ka)
  • → Korean: 화 (華, hwa)
  • → Vietnamese: hoa (華)

Pronunciation 2Edit

Rime
Character 華
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 麻 (99)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 呼瓜切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hˠua/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hʷᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xua/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hwaɨ/
Li
Rong 		/xua/
Wang
Li 		/xwa/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/xwa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huā
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 華
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		huā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xwæ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʷʰˁra/
English flower (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 華
Reading # 1/3
No. 5308
Phonetic
component 		華
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		華
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰʷraː/

DefinitionsEdit

華

  1. Alternative form of 花 (huā, “flower; blossom”).
  2. to flower; to blossom
  3. (traditional Chinese medicine) flower pulse; weak pulse
  4. to be dim-sighted; to be dazzled
  5. to dissect; to cut up

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 華

Pronunciation 3Edit

Rime
Character 華
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 麻 (99)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 胡化切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠuaH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷᵚaH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwaɨH/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuaH/
Wang
Li 		/ɣwaH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣwaH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huà
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 華
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		huà
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwæH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷˁra-s/
English [name of a mountain]

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 華
Reading # 3/3
No. 5316
Phonetic
component 		華
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		摦
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡʷraːs/
Notes 華山、同崋

DefinitionsEdit

華

  1. (～山) Mount Hua (a mountain in Shaanxi)
  2. Original form of 樺／桦 (huà, “birch”).
  3. A surname​.
    華羅庚 / 华罗庚  ―  Huà Luógēng  ―  Hua Luogeng

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 華

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

華

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. flower
  2. flashiness
  3. brilliance, shine
  4. beauty, splendor
  5. fine, white powder
  6. China, Chinese
  7. sixty-one-year-old; kanreki

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
華
か
Grade: S
kan’on

/kua/ → /kʷa/ → /ka/

From Middle Chinese 華 (MC ɦˠua).

PronunciationEdit

  • Some dictionaries apparently classify this reading as either goon or kan'yōon.

NounEdit

華(か) • (ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

  1. flashiness, showiness
    Synonym: 虚飾 (kyoshoku)
IdiomsEdit

Proper nounEdit

華(か) • (Ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

  1. a surname
  2. a male or female given name

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
華
はな
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/pana/ → /fana/ → /hana/

From Old Japanese.

PronunciationEdit


For pronunciation and definitions of 華 – see the following entry.
【花はな】1
[noun] a flower
[noun] Short for 生け花 (ikebana): flower arrangement
[noun] Short for 花札 (hanafuda): Japanese playing cards
[noun] the best days of one's life
[noun] the best thing
[noun] essence
(This term, 華, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
IdiomsEdit
ProverbsEdit

Proper nounEdit

華(はな) • (Hana) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

華 • (hwa) (hangeul 화)

  1. bright; colorful

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

華: Hán Việt readings: hoa (戶(hộ)花(hoa)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
華: Nôm readings: hoa[1][2][3][4]

  1. Hán tự form of Hoa (“Hoa people”).

CompoundsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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