Wiktionary

花

花 U+82B1, 花
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82B1
← 芰
[U+82B0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 芲 →
[U+82B2]
花 U+2F993, 花
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F993
← 劳
[U+2F992] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 芳 →
[U+2F994]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
Simplified Chinese
 

Han characterEdit

花 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 7 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿人心 (TOP), four-corner 44214, composition ⿱艹化)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 1020, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30734
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1478, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3181, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+82B1

ChineseEdit

trad. 花
simp. # 花
alternative forms 華／华
蘤／花
芲
𠌶
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 花
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     
Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訛 *ŋʷaːl
吪 *ŋʷaːl
鈋 *ŋʷaːl
囮 *lu, *ŋʷaːl
魤 *ŋʷaːl
靴 *hʷa
貨 *hŋʷaːls
花 *hʷraː
化 *hŋʷraːls
杹 *hŋʷraːls
匕 *pilʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hʷraː): semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls). Originally 𠌶 or 華 before the Han dynasty.

EtymologyEdit

Unclear. According to Schuessler (2007), either from:

華 (OC *ɡʷraː, “to flower”) is a derivative.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taiwan:
    • hoe - vernacular;
    • hoa - literary.
  • (Teochew)
    • Note:
    • huê1 - vernacular;
    • hua1 - literary.
  • Wu
    • Note:
    • 1ho - vernacular;
    • 1hua - literary.
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 花
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 麻 (99)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 呼瓜切
    Baxter xwae
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hˠua/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hʷᵚa/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xua/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hwaɨ/
    Li
    Rong         		/xua/
    Wang
    Li         		/xwa/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xwa/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		huā
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		faa1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 花
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		huā
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xwæ ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʷʰˁra/
    English flower (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 花
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5326
    Phonetic
    component         		化
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		華
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hʷraː/
    Notes 俗與華通用
     

    DefinitionsEdit

    花

    1. flower; blossom (Classifier: 朵 m c; 支 m c; 蕊 h mn; 束 m c; 把 m; 盆 m c; 簇 m; 紮／扎 c)
      花朵  ―  huāduǒ  ―  flower
    2. florid; flowery
      花花綠綠／花花绿绿  ―  huāhualǜlǜ  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
    3. pattern; design
      花纹  ―  huāwén  ―  花纹
    4. blurred
      眼花  ―  yǎnhuā  ―  to have blurred vision
    5. fireworks
      煙花／烟花  ―  yānhuā  ―  fireworks
    6. essence; cream
    7. wound
    8. Short for 天花 (tiānhuā, “smallpox”).
      種花／种花  ―  zhònghuā  ―  to vaccinate against smallpox
    9. courtesan; prostitute
    10. to spend (money, time, etc.); to cost
      這件衣服花了不到一百塊 [MSC, trad.]
      这件衣服花了不到一百块 [MSC, simp.]
      zhè jiàn yīfú huā le bùdào yībǎi kuài [Pinyin]
      This clothing cost less than 100 yuan.
    11. profligate
    12. (slang) randy; lecherous
    13. (slang) to be horny; to womanize
      儂又要去花儂個女朋友了是𠲎？ [Shanghainese, trad.]
      侬又要去花侬个女朋友了是𠲎？ [Shanghainese, simp.]
      From: 2007, 上海话大词典, page 52
      [nʊŋ²³ ɦiɜ³³  iɔ⁴⁴  t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴  ho⁴⁴  nʊŋ²³ ɦəʔ²²  n̠ʲy²² b̥ɑ̃⁵⁵ ɦiɜ²¹ ləʔ z̥z̩²² v̥a̱⁴⁴] [IPA]
      You're going to seduce your girlfriend again aren't you?
    14. false
    15. (Cantonese) scratched
      佢著咗呢對鞋兩個月就已經花嗮喇。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      佢着咗呢对鞋两个月就已经花嗮喇。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      keoi5 zoek3 zo2 ni1 deoi3 haai4 loeng5 go3 jyut6 zau6 ji5 ging1 faa1 saai3 laa3. [Jyutping]
      He's worn the shoes for only two months and they're already all scratched up.
    16. (Cantonese, of images, drawings, patterns, etc.) over-colorful; chaotic; messy
    17. (Cantonese, card games) flush
    18. (Hong Kong) pip (insignia) (Classifier: 粒 c)
    19. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to extinguish; to put out (of fire)
    20. (Quanzhou Hokkien) to disappear (of a scar)
    21. (Shanghainese Wu) cotton
    22. (Shanghainese Wu) to tease
      儂覅來花我了，我根本覅儂搿本書。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
      侬覅来花我了，我根本覅侬搿本书。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
      From: 2007, 上海话大词典, page 52
      [nʊŋ²³ v̥iɔ²³ le̞²³ ho⁴⁴  ŋv̩ʷ²³ ləʔ ŋv̩ʷ²³ kəɲ⁵⁵ pəɲ²¹ v̥iɔ²³ nʊŋ²³ ɡ̊əʔ¹¹ pəɲ²³ sz̩⁵³] [IPA]
      Stop teasing me, I didn't even want your book in the first place.
    23. a surname. Hua

    SynonymsEdit

    Dialectal synonyms of 花朵 (“flower”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 花, 華
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 花朵, 花
    Mandarin Beijing 花兒
    Taiwan 花
    Ulanhot 花兒
    Tongliao 花兒
    Chifeng 花兒
    Bayanhot 花兒
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 花兒
    Shenyang 花
    Yantai (Muping) 花
    Jinan 花
    Luoyang 花兒
    Wanrong 花兒
    Zhengzhou 花兒
    Xi'an 花
    Yinchuan 花
    Lanzhou 花兒, 花
    Xining 花兒, 花
    Ürümqi 花
    Wuhan 花
    Chengdu 花
    Guiyang 花
    Kunming 花
    Guilin 花
    Liuzhou 花
    Xuzhou 花兒
    Yangzhou 花
    Nanjing 花
    Hefei 花
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 花兒
    Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 花
    Cantonese Guangzhou 花
    Hong Kong 花
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 花
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 花
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 花
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 花
    Macau 花
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 花
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 花
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 花
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 花
    Foshan 花
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 花
    Foshan (Shunde) 花
    Foshan (Sanshui) 花
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 花
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 花
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 花
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 花
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 花
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 花
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 花
    Taishan 花
    Kaiping (Chikan) 花
    Enping (Niujiang) 花
    Heshan (Yayao) 花
    Dongguan 花
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 花
    Shaoguan 花
    Yunfu 花
    Yangjiang 花
    Xinyi 花
    Lianjiang 花
    Nanning 花
    Wuzhou 花
    Yulin 花
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 花
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 花
    Gan Nanchang 花
    Lichuan 花
    Pingxiang 花
    Hakka Meixian 花
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 花
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 花
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 花
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 花
    Conghua (Lütian) 花
    Yudu 花
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 花
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 花
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 花
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 花
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 花
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 花
    Hong Kong 花
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 花
    Senai (Huiyang) 花
    Singkawang 花
    Huizhou Jixi 花
    Jin Taiyuan 花兒
    Pingyao 花
    Xinzhou 花兒
    Taibus (Baochang) 花兒
    Linhe 花
    Jining 花兒
    Hohhot 花兒
    Baotou 花兒
    Dongsheng 花兒
    Haibowan 花兒
    Min Bei Jian'ou 花
    Min Dong Fuzhou 花
    Fuqing 花
    Matsu 花
    Min Nan Xiamen 花, 花蕊
    Quanzhou 花, 花蕊
    Zhangzhou 花, 花蕊
    Taipei 花, 花蕊
    Penang (Hokkien) 花
    Singapore (Hokkien) 花
    Manila (Hokkien) 花
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 花
    Chaozhou 花
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 花
    Leizhou 花
    Haikou 花
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 花, 花朵
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 花
    Shehua Fu'an 花
    Fuding 花
    Luoyuan 花
    Sanming 花
    Shunchang 花
    Hua'an 花
    Guixi (Zhangping) 花
    Cangnan 花
    Jingning 花
    Lishui 花
    Longyou 花
    Chaozhou 花
    Fengshun 花
    Wu Shanghai 花
    Shanghai (Chongming) 花
    Suzhou 花
    Hangzhou 花
    Ningbo 花
    Wenzhou 花
    Jinhua 花
    Xiang Changsha 花
    Loudi 花
    Shuangfeng 花
    Quanzhou 花
    • (to spend time): (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) 使; (Min Nan) 開／开

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 花

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic (花):
    • → Japanese: 花(か) (ka)
    • → Korean: 화(花) (hwa)
    • → Vietnamese: hoa (花)

    Others:

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    KanjiEdit

    花

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. flower
    2. beauty
    3. red-light district

    ReadingsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    花
    はな
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling
    華

    /pana/ → /fana/ → /hana/

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pana.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    花(はな) • (hana) 

    1. a flower
      • 1999 February 4, “火(か)炎(えん)草(そう) [Fire Grass]”, in Vol.1, Konami:
        火(か)山(ざん)の近(ちか)くに生(せい)息(そく)する草(くさ)。花(はな)から火(か)炎(えん)を吹(ふ)き攻(こう)撃(げき)する。
        Kazan no chikaku ni seisoku suru kusa. Hana kara kaen o fuki kōgeki suru.
        A grass that grows near volcanoes. It breathes fire from its flowers.
      • 1999 March 1, “ダーク・プラント [Dark Plant]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
        汚(お)染(せん)された土(つち)と闇(やみ)の力(ちから)で育(そだ)てられた花(はな)。とても凶(きょう)暴(ぼう)。
        Osen sareta tsuchi to yami no chikara de sodaterareta hana. Totemo kyōbō.
        A flower that grows from polluted soil and dark powers. It is very nasty.
      • 1999 May 25, “深(しん)淵(えん)に咲(さ)く花(はな) [The Flower That Blooms in the Abyss]”, in BOOSTER 2, Konami:
        光(ひかり)の届(とど)かない深(しん)淵(えん)にひっそりと咲(さ)く、あまり見(み)かけない花(はな)。
        Hikari no todokanai shin'en ni hissori to saku, amari mikakenai hana.
        A rarely seen flower that silently blooms in the depths of the abyss where the sun never shines.
      • 1999 July 5, “命(いのち)ある花(か)瓶(びん) [Living Vase]”, in BOOSTER 3, Konami:
        生(い)けてある花(はな)から、花(か)粉(ふん)を飛(と)ばし噛(か)みついてくる生(い)きている花(か)瓶(びん)。
        Iketearu hana kara, kafun o tobashi kamitsuitekuru ikiteiru kabin.
        A living vase that bites and releases pollen from its living flowers.
      花(はな)が咲(さ)く頃(ごろ)
      hana ga saku goro
      when the flowers bloom
    2. Short for 生け花 (ikebana): flower arrangement
    3. Short for 花札 (hanafuda): Japanese playing cards
    4. the best days of one's life
    5. the best thing
    6. essence
    CompoundsEdit
    はな

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    花
    か
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    AffixEdit

    花(か) • (ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

    1. flower
    2. red-light district
    CompoundsEdit
    か

    DescendantsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    KikaiEdit

    KanjiEdit

    花

    ReadingsEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate to Japanese 花 (はな, hana).

    NounEdit

    花(ふぁな) (fana) 

    1. flower

    ReferencesEdit

    • “ふぁな【花】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    KoreanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese 花 (MC hˠua).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 황 (Yale: hwà)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 곳 (Yale: kwòs) 화 (Yale: hwà)

    PronunciationEdit

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    花 (eumhun 꽃 화 (kkot hwa))

    1. Hanja form? of 화 (“flower”). [affix]

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    KunigamiEdit

    KanjiEdit

    花

    ReadingsEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    花 (hiragana ぱなー, rōmaji phanā)

    1. flower

    MiyakoEdit

    KanjiEdit

    花

    ReadingsEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    花 (hiragana ぱな, rōmaji pana)

    1. flower

    OkinawanEdit

    KanjiEdit

    花

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    花
    はな
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    花(はな) (hana) 

    1. (Shuri, Naha) flower

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    花
    ふぁな
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    NounEdit

    花(ふぁな) (fana) 

    1. (Tancha) flower

    ReferencesEdit

    • “ふぁな【花】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    花: Hán Việt readings: hoa (呼(hô)瓜(qua)切(thiết))[1][2][3], huê[3]
    花: Nôm readings: hoa[1][2][3][4], huê[1][3][4], oa[1], ba[2]

    1. chữ Hán form of hoa (“flower”).

    CompoundsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

    YaeyamaEdit

    KanjiEdit

    花

    ReadingsEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    花 (hiragana ぱな, rōmaji pana)

    1. flower

    YonaguniEdit

    KanjiEdit

    花

    ReadingsEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    花 (hiragana はな, rōmaji hana)

    1. flower
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=花&oldid=73296770"