U+82B1, 花
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82B1

[U+82B0]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+82B2]
花 U+2F993, 花
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F993
劳
[U+2F992]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 芳
[U+2F994]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 140, +4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 7 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿人心 (TOP), four-corner 44214, composition )

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1020, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30734
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1478, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3181, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+82B1

Chinese edit

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms


𠌶
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *hʷraː): semantic (grass; plant) + phonetic (OC *hŋʷraːls). Originally 𠌶 or before the Han dynasty.

Etymology edit

Unclear. According to Schuessler (2007), either from:

(OC *ɡʷraː, “to flower”) is a derivative.

Pronunciation edit


Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taiwan:
    • hoe - vernacular;
    • hoa - literary.
  • (Teochew)
  • Note:
    • huê1 - vernacular;
    • hua1 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Note:
    • 1ho - vernacular;
    • 1hua - literary.
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (32)
    Final () (99)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () II
    Fanqie
    Baxter xwae
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /hˠua/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /hʷᵚa/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /xua/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /hwaɨ/
    Li
    Rong
    /xua/
    Wang
    Li
    /xwa/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /xwa/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    huā
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    faa1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    huā
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ xwæ ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*qʷʰˁra/
    English flower (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5326
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*hʷraː/
    Notes
     

    Definitions edit

    1. flower; blossom (Classifier: m c;  m c;  h mn;  m c;  m;  m c;  m;  c)
      太陽太阳  ―  tàiyánghuā  ―  sunflower
        ―  kāihuā  ―  to blossom
    2. florid; flowery
      綠綠绿绿  ―  huāhualǜlǜ  ―  colorful
    3. pattern; design
        ―  huāwén  ―  decorative pattern
    4. blurred
        ―  yǎnhuā  ―  to have blurred vision
    5. fireworks
        ―  yānhuā  ―  fireworks
    6. essence; cream
    7. wound
    8. Short for 天花 (tiānhuā, “smallpox”).
        ―  zhònghuā  ―  to vaccinate against smallpox
    9. courtesan; prostitute
    10. to spend (money, time, etc.); to cost
      衣服不到一百 [MSC, trad.]
      衣服不到一百 [MSC, simp.]
      zhè jiàn yīfú huā le bùdào yībǎi kuài [Pinyin]
      This clothing cost less than 100 yuan.
    11. profligate
    12. (slang) randy; lecherous
    13. (slang) to be horny; to womanize
      女朋友𠲎 [Shanghainese, trad.]
      女朋友𠲎 [Shanghainese, simp.]
      From: 2007, 上海话大词典, page 52
      6non 6yeu 5iau 5chi 1ho 6non 8gheq 6gniu-baon-yeu 0leq 6zy-va [Wugniu]
      You're going to seduce your girlfriend again aren't you?
    14. false
    15. (Cantonese) scratched
      已經 [Cantonese, trad.]
      已经 [Cantonese, simp.]
      keoi5 zoek3 zo2 ni1 deoi3 haai4 loeng5 go3 jyut6 zau6 ji5 ging1 faa1 saai3 laa3. [Jyutping]
      He's worn the shoes for only two months and they're already all scratched up.
      [Cantonese]  ―  go3 dai2 faa1 saai3 [Jyutping]  ―  to have a bad record
    16. (Cantonese, of images, drawings, patterns, etc.) over-colorful; chaotic; messy
    17. (Cantonese, card games) flush
    18. (Hong Kong) pip (insignia) (Classifier: c)
    19. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to extinguish; to put out (of fire)
    20. (Quanzhou Hokkien) to disappear (of a scar)
    21. (chiefly Northern Wu) Abbreviation of 棉花 (cotton).
    22. (Shanghainese) to tease
      根本 [Shanghainese, trad.]
      根本 [Shanghainese, simp.]
      From: 2007, 上海话大词典, page 52
      6non 6viau 6le 1ho 6ngu 0leq 6ngu 1ken-pen 6viau 6non 8geq-pen 1sy [Wugniu]
      Stop teasing me, I didn't even want your book in the first place.
    23. a surname. Hua

    Synonyms edit

    • (to spend time): (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) 使; (Hokkien, Teochew)

    Compounds edit

    Descendants edit

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: () (ka)
    • Korean: 화(花) (hwa)
    • Vietnamese: hoa ()

    Others:

    References edit

    Japanese edit

     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    Kanji edit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. flower
    2. beauty
    3. red-light district

    Readings edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    はな
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling

    /pana//fana//hana/

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pana.

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (はな) (hana

    1. a flower
      (はな)()(ごろ)
      hana ga saku goro
      when the flowers bloom
      • 1999 February 4, “()(えん)(そう)”, in Vol.1, Konami:
        ()(ざん)(ちか)くに(せい)(そく)する(くさ)(はな)から()(えん)()(こう)(げき)する。
        Kazan no chikaku ni seisoku suru kusa. Hana kara kaen o fuki kōgeki suru.
        A grass that grows near volcanoes. It breathes fire from its flowers.
      • 1999 March 1, “ダーク・プラント [Dark Plant]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
        ()(せん)された(つち)(やみ)(ちから)(そだ)てられた(はな)。とても(きょう)(ぼう)
        Osen sareta tsuchi to yami no chikara de sodaterareta hana. Totemo kyōbō.
        A flower that grows from polluted soil and dark powers. It is very nasty.
      • 1999 May 25, “(しん)(えん)()(はな)”, in BOOSTER 2, Konami:
        (ひかり)(とど)かない(しん)(えん)にひっそりと()く、あまり()かけない(はな)
        Hikari no todokanai shin'en ni hissori to saku, amari mikakenai hana.
        A rarely seen flower that silently blooms in the depths of the abyss where the sun never shines.
      • 1999 July 5, “(いのち)ある()(びん)”, in BOOSTER 3, Konami:
        ()けてある(はな)から、()(ふん)()ばし()みついてくる()きている()(びん)
        Iketearu hana kara, kafun o tobashi kamitsuitekuru ikiteiru kabin.
        A living vase that bites and releases pollen from its living flowers.
    2. Short for 生け花 (ikebana): flower arrangement
    3. Short for 花札 (hanafuda): Japanese playing cards
    4. the best days of one's life
    5. the best thing
    6. essence
    Compounds edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    Affix edit

    () (kaくわ (kwa)?

    1. flower
    2. red-light district
    Compounds edit

    Descendants edit

    References edit

    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Kikai edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Etymology edit

    Cognate to Japanese (はな, hana).

    Noun edit

    (ふぁな) (fana

    1. flower

    References edit

    • ふぁな【花】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    From Middle Chinese (MC xwae).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 (Yale: hwà)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] (Yale: kwòs) (Yale: hwà)

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (kkot hwa))

    1. Hanja form? of (flower). [affix]

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]

    Kunigami edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (ぱなー) (phanā

    1. flower

    Miyako edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (ぱな) (pana

    1. flower

    Okinawan edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    はな
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (はな) (hana

    1. (Shuri, Naha) flower

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    ふぁな
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    Noun edit

    (ふぁな) (fana

    1. (Tancha) flower

    References edit

    • ふぁな【花】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Việt readings: hoa (()(qua)(thiết))[1][2][3], huê[3]
    : Nôm readings: hoa[1][2][3][4], huê[1][3][4], oa[1], ba[2]

    1. chữ Hán form of hoa (flower).

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    Yaeyama edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (ぱな) (pana

    1. flower

    Yonaguni edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (はな) (hana

    1. flower