Japanese edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
ただ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Derived from (tada, straight; direct; straightforward) +‎ (-shi, adjective-forming suffix, origin of and superseded by modern しい (shii)).[1]

First appears in 858 CE in the 大智度論 (Daichido-ron), the Japanese rendering of the Chinese text Da zhidu lun. Used primarily in 漢文訓読 (kanbun kundoku, Japanese-language readings of Classical Chinese texts, literally Chinese text, meaning (Japanese) reading) contexts, with almost no usage in 和文 (wabun, Japanese texts) or kana contexts until after the Heian Period.[1][2]

Pronunciation edit

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "正しい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 正しく しく
だし
[tàdáꜜshìkù]
[tàdáshíꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 正しい だし [tàdáshíꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 正しい だし [tàdáshíꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 正しくない しくない
だしくない
[tàdáꜜshìkùnàì]
[tàdáshíꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 正しかった しかった
だしかった
[tàdáꜜshìkàttà]
[tàdáshíꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 正しくなかった しくなかった
だしくなかった
[tàdáꜜshìkùnàkàttà]
[tàdáshíꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 正しいです だしいです [tàdáshíꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 正しくて しくて
だしくて
[tàdáꜜshìkùtè]
[tàdáshíꜜkùtè]
Conditional 正しければ しければ
だしければ
[tàdáꜜshìkèrèbà]
[tàdáshíꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective edit

(ただ)しい (tadashii-i (adverbial (ただ)しく (tadashiku))

  1. (physically) true, straight, unwarped, unskewed, proper
  2. (abstractly) correct, right, true
Inflection edit

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
まさ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Derived from (masa, right, proper; just, fair; straight-grained (as of wood); straight) +‎ (-shi, adjective-forming suffix, superseded in modern usage by しい (shii)).[1][2]

First appears in an 830 CE copy of the 金光明最勝王経 (Konkōmyō Saishō Ō Kyō, Golden Light Sutra) in a 漢文訓読 (kanbun kundoku, Japanese-language readings of Classical Chinese texts, literally Chinese text, meaning (Japanese) reading) context,[1] and later phonetically in the 905 CE work 古今和歌集 (Kokin Wakashū, Collection of Japanese Poems of Ancient and Modern Times).[1][2][5]

Still in use in the early 1600s,[6] then apparently falling into partial disuse. The full adjective form masashii is no longer included in some dictionaries.[2][4][5] Persists in dialect in the modern language, and as adverbial form 正しく (masashiku).

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

(まさ)しい (masashii-i (adverbial (まさ)しく (masashiku))

  1. (uncommon, dialect) factual, true, correct, accurate
  2. (uncommon, dialect) genuine, real
  3. (uncommon, dialect) actual, real, certain
Inflection edit
Derived terms edit

References edit

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 5.0 5.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  6. ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎[1] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here, see the Masaxij entry to the left of the highlighted term (in Portuguese)