潘

Translingual edit

Han character edit

潘 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 水竹木田 (EHDW), four-corner 3216₉, composition ⿰氵番)

Derived characters edit

藩, 籓, 𤄤

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 649, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18236
Dae Jaweon: page 1058, character 26
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1745, character 10
Unihan data for U+6F58

Chinese edit

trad.		潘
simp. ^#		潘

Wikipedia has articles on:

潘姓 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
潘氏 (Cantonese)
潘姓 (Gan)
Phoaⁿ (sèⁿ) (Southern Min)
Pan (surname) (English)

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (番) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
皤	paːl, baːl
嶓	*paːl
番	paːl, paːls, pʰaːn, pʰan, *ban
播	*paːls
譒	*paːls
鄱	*baːl
潘	*pʰaːn
蟠	baːn, ban
磻	*baːn
蕃	pan, ban
轓	pan, pʰan
鱕	*pan
鐇	pan, ban
藩	pan, ban
籓	*pan
橎	*panʔ
翻	*pʰan
幡	*pʰan
飜	*pʰan
旛	pʰan, ban
繙	pʰan, ban
燔	*ban
蹯	*ban
膰	*ban
羳	*ban
鷭	*ban
璠	*ban
襎	*ban
墦	*ban

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pān (pan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pun¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phân

(Meixian, Guangdong): pan¹
Northern Min (KCR): púing
Eastern Min (BUC): păng / pŭng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): phun / phoaⁿ / phoan

(Teochew, Peng'im): pung¹ / puan¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹phoe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pān
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pan
  - Wade–Giles: pʻan¹
  - Yale: pān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pan
  - Palladius: пань (panʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: pun¹
  - Yale: pūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pun¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: pun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuːn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phân
  - Hakka Romanization System: pan´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰan²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: pan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰan⁴⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: púing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuiŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: păng / pŭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaŋ⁵⁵/, /pʰuŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

păng - surname;
pŭng - slops.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phun / phoaⁿ / phoan
  - Tâi-lô: phun / phuann / phuan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phwn, phvoaf, phoafn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pʰun⁴⁴/, /pʰuã⁴⁴/, /pʰuan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰun³³/, /pʰuã³³/, /pʰuan³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰun⁴⁴/, /pʰuã⁴⁴/, /pʰuan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰun⁴⁴/, /pʰuã⁴⁴/, /pʰuan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰun⁴⁴/, /pʰuã⁴⁴/, /pʰuan⁴⁴/

Note:

phun - vernacular (“water in which rice has been rinsed”);
phoaⁿ - vernacular (surname);
phoan - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: pung¹ / puan¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phung / phuaⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuŋ³³/, /pʰũã³³/

Note:

pung1 - “water in which rice has been rinsed”;
puan1 - surname.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹phoe
  - MiniDict: phoe^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹phoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰø⁵³/

Middle Chinese: phan

Rime
Character	潘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	普官切
Baxter	phan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰuɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰuɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰwan/
Li Rong	/pʰuɑn/
Wang Li	/pʰuɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pun¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*pʰaːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	潘
Reading #	1/1
No.	2877
Phonetic component	番
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	潘
Old Chinese	/*pʰaːn/

Definitions edit

潘

(obsolete or Min) water in which rice has been rinsed
- 其間面垢，燂潘請靧。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  其间面垢，燂潘请𫖃。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Qíjiān miàn gòu, xún pān qǐng huì. [Pinyin]
  If in the meantime their faces appear dirty, they should heat the wafer in which the rice has been cleaned, and ask them to wash with it.
a surname
潘愉 ― Pān Yú ― Florence Y. Pan (Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit)

潘金蓮／潘金莲 ― Pān Jīnlián ― Pan Jinlian (fictional female character in Water Margin and Jin Ping Mei)
Used in place names.
(Greek mythology) Pan

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (潘):

→ Vietnamese: Phan (潘)

Others:

→ English: Pan, Poon, Pun, Phua
→ Mandarin: ㄆㄨㄣ (pūn) (Taiwanese slang from Hokkien)
→ Tagalog: Pua (via Hokkien)

Compounds edit

喬勒潘／乔勒潘 (Qiáolèpān)
松潘 (Sōngpān)
潘口 (Pānkǒu)
潘塘 (Pāntáng)
潘家灣／潘家湾 (Pānjiāwān)
潘水
潘渡 (Pāndù)
潘瀾／潘澜
潘灡／潘𬉠

Pronunciation 2 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pán (pan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄢˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pán
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pán
  - Wade–Giles: pʻan²
  - Yale: pán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parn
  - Palladius: пань (panʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰän³⁵/

Definitions edit

潘

(obsolete) whirlpool

Pronunciation 3 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fān (fan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄢ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fān
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fan
  - Wade–Giles: fan¹
  - Yale: fān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fan
  - Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän⁵⁵/

Definitions edit

潘

(obsolete, of water) to overflow

References edit

“潘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“Entry #11192”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

潘

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

water in which rice has been washed

Readings edit

Go-on: はん (han)
Kan-on: はん (han)
Kun: しろみず (shiromizu, 潘)^{←しろみづ (siromidu, 潘, historical)}

Korean edit

Hanja edit

潘 • (ban, beon) (hangeul 반, 번, revised ban, beon, McCune–Reischauer pan, pŏn, Yale pan, pen)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

潘: Hán Nôm readings: phan, Phan

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.