水
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TranslingualEdit
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Alternative formsEdit
Han characterEdit
水 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 水 (E), four-corner 12230, composition ⿰𰛄⿺㇏丿(GJKV) or ⿰㇇𰛅(GJKV) or ⿰𰛄⿱丿㇏(HT))
- Kangxi radical #85, ⽔.
Derived charactersEdit
- Appendix:Chinese radical/水
- 冰, 𪢿, 𫰖, 㝽, 𡵰, 𢗷, 𤝎, 阥, 𨑾, 𪱹, 㲑, 𤆩, 𤕯, 𡯑, 𬍖, 𦙙, 𤱄, 砅, 𧦋, 𧺵, 𫒎, 𩖱, 𬵆, 𣍤, 𩾼
- 氽, 𠕽, 𡉺, 尿, 𢇤, 𦬭, 𭥚, 𣏶, 𭻅, 㽷, 泵, 𥝸, 𥤼, 𥫸, 𨋈, 𨠊, 㞙, 𩂍, 𤦗, 𦷸, 𠪥, 𥴠, 𢦹, 閖
- 呇, 坔, 𢗨, 𤆲, 畓, 𭖜, 𧥿, 𨋉, 𨠆, 𨥗, 𭪳, 𬠤, 凼, 囦, 䠌, 潁(颍), 頮(颒), 𤸄
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 603, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17083
- Dae Jaweon: page 992, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1545, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6C34
Further readingEdit
Central BaiEdit
NounEdit
水 (xuix)
- hanzi form of xuix
- 1450, Yang Fu (楊黼), 《詞記山花——咏蒼洱境》:
- 煴煊茶水㱔呼𪢂
- Boiling tea water, greeting each other.
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
水 | |
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alternative forms | 𡿭 𣸕 |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 水 | ||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) – compare 川 (chuān).
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lwi(j) (“flow; stream”) (Benedict, 1974; Coblin, 1986; Handel, 1998; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Mizo lui (“stream; brook; river”), Tedim Chin [script needed] (luːi³, “stream; river”), Jingpho lawi (“to flow (as water)”).
Old Chinese 水 (OC lhuiʔ) (minimally reconstructed) is Sino-Tibetan root's endoactive derivation with suffix *-ʔ, meaning "that which is flowing"; its voiceless initial suggests the presence of a nominalizing prefix *k- or *s-. Another derivative from the Sino-Tibetan root is possibly 泫 (OC winʔ, “to flow”) (minimally reconstructed).
Compare also areal etymon Proto-Mon-Khmer *lujʔ ~ luuj() ~ luəj() ~ ləəj() (“to wade; to swim”).
Alternatively, Gong (1995) reconstructs Old Chinese *hljədx and compares it to Tibetan ཆུ (chu, “water”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsju (“water; liquid; bodily fluid”). Baxter and Sagart (2014), employing evidence from Proto-Min, reconstructs Old Chinese *s.turʔ and compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *twəj (“to flow; to suppurate”), which is likely related to *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s (“water; fluid; to soak; to be wet”) (STEDT). Like Gong (1995), Sagart (2017) compares it to Tibetan ཆུ (chu), but he also compares it to Bodo (India) दै (dwi), Mizo tui, Proto-Karen *thejᴬ, all of which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s. Handel deems derivations from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsju or *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s unlikely because of phonological issues (STEDT).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
水
- water (Classifier: 瓶 m; 樽 c; 滴 m c; 池 m c; 盆 m c; 杯 m c)
- liquid; potion; juice
- (colloquial, chiefly Singapore, Malaysia) Synonym of 飲料/饮料 (yǐnliào, “beverage”).
- (archaic) river
- body of water
- flood
- additional cost or income
- (dialectal) rain
- (Cantonese) money (Classifier: 嚿)
- to swim
- 水性 ― shuǐxìng ― swimming ability
- (colloquial) lacking substance or power; worthless
- Short for 划水 (huáshuǐ, “to shirk; to slack off”).
- one of the five elements of Wu Xing (五行)
- (colloquial) Classifier for the number of times clothing was washed.
- Sui people
- A surname.
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 水 – see 媠 (“Min Nan: pretty; beautiful”). (This character, 水, is a variant form of 媠.) |
ReferencesEdit
- See 水/derived_terms § Water (Chinese).
- <水> at the Glyph Database from the Institute of History and Language of the Academia Sinica and the Institute of Information Science
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: すい (sui, Jōyō)←すい (sui, historical)←すゐ (suwi, ancient)
- Kan-on: すい (sui, Jōyō)←すい (sui, historical)←すゐ (suwi, ancient)
- Kun: みず (mizu, 水, Jōyō)←みづ (midu, historical)
- Nanori: うず (uzu); ずみ (zumi); たいら (taira)←たひら (tafira, historical); つ (tsu); ど (do); な (na); なか (naka); み (mi); みさ (misa); みつ (mitsu); みな (mina); みん (min); ゆ (yu); ゆく (yuku)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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水 |
みず Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
⟨mi1du⟩ → */mʲidu/ → /mid͡zu/ → /mizu/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *mentu. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.
Possibly cognate with 瑞 (mizu, “freshness, youth”).
Possible cognate with Proto-Tungusic *mū, Jurchen 木克 (mu-ke /muke/), Manchu ᠮᡠᡴᡝ (muke), Goguryeo 買 (*me, “river; water”), Mongolian мөрөн (mörön, “river”), Korean 물 (mul, “water”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- water (sometimes cold and/or fresh)
- drinking water
- a fluid, liquid
- Synonym: 液体 (ekitai)
- a flood
- (sumo) Short for 水入り (mizuiri): halting
- (sumo) Short for 力水 (chikara mizu): water offered to sumo wrestlers before a bout
Usage notesEdit
Note that, while mizu is the most general Japanese term for “water”, it does refer specifically to “water that is not hot”. Meanwhile, the word 湯 (yu) refers specifically to “hot water”. Consider 水風呂 (mizu-buro, “cold-water bath”), contrasting with 風呂 (furo, “bath”, implying hot water).
Derived termsEdit
IdiomsEdit
ProverbsEdit
PrefixEdit
Derived termsEdit
Proper nounEdit
- a female given name
- a surname
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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水 |
み Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
⟨mi1⟩ → */mʲi/ → /mi/
From Old Japanese.
Typically found in compounds.[2]
AffixEdit
- Combining form of みず (mizu) above
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
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水 |
すい Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
/ɕuwi/ → */suwi/ → /sui/
From Middle Chinese 水 (MC ɕˠiuɪX).
Compare modern Mandarin 水 (shuǐ), modern Hakka 水 (súi).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- water: one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine
- Short for 水曜日 (suiyōbi): Wednesday
- shaved ice served with flavored syrup
- Synonym: 氷水 (kōrimizu)
AffixEdit
Derived termsEdit
Proper nounEdit
- a female given name
Etymology 4Edit
Kanji in this term |
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水 |
もい Grade: 1 |
Irregular |
⟨mopi1⟩ → */mopʲi/ → /moɸi/ → /mowi/ → /moi/
From Old Japanese. Via metonymy from the word 椀, 盌 (moi, “bowl”), from the meaning of “that which goes in the 椀, 盌 (moi, “bowl”)”.[1][2]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 水 (MC ɕˠiuɪX).
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᄉᆔᆼ〯 (Yale: syǔy) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | 믈〮 (Yale: múl) | 슈〮 (Yale: syú) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰu]
- Phonetic hangul: [수]
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
Lama BaiEdit
NounEdit
水 (ɕy³³)
MiyakoEdit
KanjiEdit
水
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
水 (hiragana みず, rōmaji [[mizu, mikɯ#Miyako|mizu, mikɯ]])
ReferencesEdit
Northern Amami-OshimaEdit
KanjiEdit
水
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.
NounEdit
水 (hiragana むぃずぃ, rōmaji mïzï)
Oki-No-ErabuEdit
KanjiEdit
水
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.
NounEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “みじ【水】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
OkinawanEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From earlier 水 (midu → midzu → mizu), attested in 1711 in the 混効験集 (Konkōkenshū), itself from Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.
The word underwent a pronunciation change due to the shifting of /u/ to /i/ after alveolar consonants.
Cognate with Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (mi1du).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “みじ【水】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Southern Amami-OshimaEdit
KanjiEdit
水
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.
NounEdit
水 (hiragana むぃでぃ, rōmaji mïdi)
Southern BaiEdit
NounEdit
水 (ɕy³³)
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
水: Hán Việt readings: thủy/thuỷ (
水: Nôm readings: thủy/thuỷ[1][2][4][6], nước[2]
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
YonaguniEdit
KanjiEdit
水
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.
Possibly also related to Korean 물 (mul), Middle Korean 밀 (mil, “water”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
水 (hiragana みん, rōmaji min, hiragana みーん, rōmaji mīn)
ReferencesEdit
YoronEdit
KanjiEdit
水
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.
Possibly also related to Korean 물 (mul), Middle Korean 밀 (mil, “water”).