水

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Alternative formsEdit

• 氵 (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Han characterEdit

水 (radical 85 水+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 水 (E), four-corner 1223₀)

1. Kangxi radical #85, ⽔ ‎(“water”).

Derived charactersEdit

• Index:Chinese radical/水
• 尿 𤆩 𤆲

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 603, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17083
• Dae Jaweon: page 992, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1545, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6C34

---

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		水

Wikipedia ^zh Wikipedia ^yue Wikipedia ^gan Wikipedia ^zh-classical Wikipedia ^wuu Wikipedia ^nan Wikipedia ^hak

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 水
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bamboo and silk script	Large seal script	Small seal script

Pictogram (象形) – compare 川.

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shuǐ (shui³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄟˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): seoi²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): sui²

• Gan (Wiktionary): sui³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): súi
• Jin (Wiktionary): sui²
• Min Dong (BUC): cūi
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chúi / súi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zui²

• Wu (Wiktionary): sr (T2)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): xyei³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: shuǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄟˇ
    • Wade-Giles: shui³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shoei
    • IPA ^(key): /ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: seoi²
    • Yale: séui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soei²
    • IPA ^(key): /sɵy̯³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: sui²
    • IPA ^(key): /sui⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: sui³
    • IPA ^(key): /sui²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: súi
    • Hakka Romanization System: sui`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sui³
    • IPA: /su̯i³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: sui²
    • IPA (old-style): /suei⁵³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cūi
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡suoi³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chúi / súi
    • Tâi-lô: tsuí / suí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zuie, suie
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sui⁵³/, /sui⁵³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sui⁵³/, /sui⁵³/
    • Note: chúi - vernacular; súi - literary.
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zui²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsúi
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sui⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: sr (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /sz̩³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: xyei³
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕye̞i⁴¹/

---

• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 水
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂuei²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ʂuei²¹³/ /suei²¹³/
	Tianjin	/suei¹³/
	Jinan	/ʂuei⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/ʂue⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂuei⁵³/
	Xi'an	/fei⁵³/
	Xining	/fɨ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ʂuei⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/fei⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ʂuei⁵¹/ /fei⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/suei⁴²/
	Chengdu	/suei⁵³/
	Guiyang	/suei⁴²/
	Kunming	/ʂuei⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ʂuəi²¹²/
	Hefei	/ʂue²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/suei⁵³/
	Pingyao	/suei⁵³/
	Hohhot	/suei⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/sz̩³⁵/
	Suzhou	/sz̩ʷ⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/sz̩ʷei⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/sz̩³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕye³⁵/ /ɕy³⁵/
	Tunxi	/ɕy³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕyei⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/ɕyəi⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/sui²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/sui³¹/
	Taoyuan	/ʃui³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/søy³⁵/
	Nanning	/sui³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/søy³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/sui⁵³/ /t͡sui⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡suoi³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/sy²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡sui⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/sui³¹/ /tui²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ɕˠiuɪ^X/▼

Rime
Character	水
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	脂 (18)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	式軌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕˠiuɪX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕʷᵚiX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiuɪX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕjwiX/
Li Rong	/ɕjuiX/
Wang Li	/ɕwiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕwiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shuǐ

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*s.turʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷljilʔ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	水
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shuǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ sywijX ›
Old Chinese	/*s.turʔ/ (E dialect: *-r > *-j)
English	water; river
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	水
Reading #	1/1
No.	11948
Phonetic component	水
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	水
Old Chinese	/*qʰʷljilʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

水

1. water

   請給我一杯水，謝謝。 [MSC, trad.]

   请给我一杯水，谢谢。 [MSC, simp.]

   Qǐng gěi wǒ yī bēi shuǐ, xièxiè. [Pinyin]

   A glass of water, please.

2. liquid; potion; juice

   眼藥水 / 眼药水  ―  yǎnyàoshuǐ  ―  eyedrop

   口水  ―  kǒushuǐ  ―  saliva

   羊水  ―  yángshuǐ  ―  amniotic fluid

3. river

   漢水 / 汉水  ―  Hànshuǐ  ―  the Han River

4. body of water
5. waterway
6. flood
7. additional cost or income
8. Classifier for the number of times clothing was washed.
9. A surname​.
10. Sui people

    水書 / 水书  ―  shuǐshū  ―  Shuishu (the traditional writing system of the Sui people)

CompoundsEdit

⇒ Appendix:Chinese compounds/水

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (水):

• Japanese: 水 (すい) ‎(sui)
• Korean: 수 (水, su)
• Vietnamese: thuỷ ‎(水)

---

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

水

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. (cold) water
2. “water” radical (みず)

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: すい (sui)
• Kan’on: すい (sui)
• Kun: みず (mizu) < みづ (midu)
• Nanori: うず (uzu), ずみ (zumi), つ (tsu), ど (do), み (mi), みさ (misa), みつ (mitsu), みな (mina), みん (min)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

水位 (すいい) ‎(suii): water level 水域 (すいいき) ‎(suiiki): water area 水稲 (すいとう) ‎(suitō): wetland rice 水泳 (すいえい) ‎(suiei): swimming 水温 (すいおん) ‎(suion): water temperature 水害 (すいがい) ‎(suigai): water damage 水割 (みずわ)り ‎(mizuwari): whiskey diluted with water 水気 (みずけ) ‎(mizuke): moisture 水牛 (すいぎゅう) ‎(suigyū): water buffalo 水玉 (みずたま) ‎(mizutama): polka dot 水銀 (すいぎん) ‎(suigin): mercury 水系 (すいけい) ‎(suikei): drainage system 水源 (すいげん) ‎(suigen): river source 水口 (みずぐち) ‎(mizuguchi): spout 水彩画 (すいさいが) ‎(suisaiga): watercolor painting 水際 (みずぎわ) ‎(mizugiwa): beach 水産 (すいさん) ‎(suisan): marine products 水産業 (すいさんぎょう) ‎(suisangyō): fisheries industry 水産庁 (すいさんちょう) ‎(suisanchō): Fisheries Agency 水産物 (すいさんぶつ) ‎(suisanbutsu): marine products 水死 (すいし) ‎(suishi): drowning 水質 (すいしつ) ‎(suishitsu): water quality 水車 (すいしゃ) ‎(suisha): water wheel 水臭 (みずくさ)い ‎(mizukusai): standoffish 水準 (すいじゅん) ‎(suijun): standard 水晶 (すいしょう) ‎(suishō): crystal 水上 (すいじょう) ‎(suijō): aquatic 水蒸気 (すいじょうき) ‎(suijōki): steam 水色 (みずいろ) ‎(mizuiro): light blue 水浸 (みずびた)し ‎(mizubitashi): flooded out 水深 (すいしん) ‎(suishin): water depth 水星 (すいせい) ‎(suisei): Mercury (planet) 水仙 (すいせん) ‎(suisen): daffodil 水洗 (すいせん) ‎(suisen): flushing 水素 (すいそ) ‎(suiso): hydrogen 水槽 (すいそう) ‎(suisō): water tank 水増 (みずま)し ‎(mizumashi): inflation 水族館 (すいぞくかん) ‎(suizokukan): aquarium 水着 (みずぎ) ‎(mizugi): bathing suit

水中 (すいちゅう) ‎(suichū): underwater 水鳥 (すいちょう) ‎(suichō): waterfowl 水滴 (すいてき) ‎(suiteki): water drop 水田 (すいでん) ‎(suiden): paddy field 水筒 (すいとう) ‎(suitō): canteen 水道 (すいどう) ‎(suidō): water service 水入 (みずい)らず ‎(mizuirazu): with no outsiders present 水爆 (すいばく) ‎(suibaku): hydrogen bomb 水分 (すいぶん) ‎(suibun): moisture 水平 (すいへい) ‎(suihei): level 水平線 (すいへいせん) ‎(suiheisen): horizon 水辺 (すいへん) ‎(suihen): waterside 水泡 (すいほう) ‎(suihō): foam 水墨画 (すいぼくが) ‎(suibokuga): India ink painting 水俣病 (みなまたびょう) ‎(minamatabyō): Minamata disease 水面 (すいめん) ‎(suimen): water surface 水揚 (みずあ)げ ‎(mizuage): landing 水曜 (すいよう) ‎(suiyō): Wednesday 水曜日 (すいようび) ‎(suiyōbi): Wednesday 水溶性 (すいようせい) ‎(suiyōsei): water soluble 水利 (すいり) ‎(suiri): water supply 水量 (すいりょう) ‎(suiryō): water volume 水力 (すいりょく) ‎(suiryoku): water power 水路 (すいろ) ‎(suiro): waterway 水道水 (すいどうすい) ‎(suidōsui): tap water 水洗 (みずあら)い ‎(mizuarai): washing with water 水飴 (みずあめ) ‎(mizuame): starch syrup 水資源 (みずしげん) ‎(mizushigen): water resources 水仕事 (みずしごと) ‎(mizushigoto): kitchen work 水商売 (みずしょうばい) ‎(mizushōbai): chancy trade 潜水艦 (せんすいかん) ‎(sensuikan): submarine 高水準 (こうすいじゅん) ‎(kōsuijun): high level 低水準 (ていすいじゅん) ‎(teisuijun): low level; substandard, inferior 貯水池 (ちょすいち) ‎(chosuichi): reservoir 下水道 (げすいどう) ‎(gesuidō): sewer 原水爆 (げんすいばく) ‎(gensuibaku): atom and hydrogen bomb 海水浴 (かいすいよく) ‎(kaisuiyoku): sea bathing 海水浴場 (かいすいよくじょう) ‎(kaisuiyokujō): swimming area

降水量 (こうすいりょう) ‎(kōsuiryō): precipitation 炭水化物 (たんすいかぶつ) ‎(tansuikabutsu): carbohydrates 雨水 (あまみず) ‎(amamizu): rain water 飲料水 (いんりょうすい) ‎(inryōsui): drinking water 大水 (おおみず) ‎(ōmizu): flood 汚水 (おすい) ‎(osui): sewage 海水 (かいすい) ‎(kaisui): ocean water 渇水 (かっすい) ‎(kassui): water shortage 給水 (きゅうすい) ‎(kyūsui): water supply 下水 (げすい) ‎(gesui): drainage 香水 (こうすい) ‎(kōsui): perfume 降水 (こうすい) ‎(kōsui): precipitation 洪水 (こうずい) ‎(kōzui): flood 湖水 (こすい) ‎(kosui): lake 誘 (さそ)い水 (みず) ‎(sasoimizu): pump priming 塩水 (しおみず) ‎(shiomizu): salt water 取水 (しゅすい) ‎(shusui): drawing water from river or lake 浸水 (しんすい) ‎(shinsui): flood 浄水 (じょうすい) ‎(jōsui): clean water 泉水 (せんすい) ‎(sensui): fountain 潜水 (せんすい) ‎(sensui): diving 増水 (ぞうすい) ‎(zōsui): high water 淡水 (たんすい) ‎(tansui): fresh water 脱水 (だっすい) ‎(dassui): evaporation 断水 (だんすい) ‎(dansui): water outage 地下水 (ちかすい) ‎(chikasui): underground water 治水 (ちすい) ‎(chisui): flood control 貯水 (ちょすい) ‎(chosui): water storage 飲 (のみ)み水 (ず) ‎(nomimizu): drinking water 排水 (はいすい) ‎(haisui): drainage 噴水 (ふんすい) ‎(funsui): water fountain 放水 (ほうすい) ‎(hōsui): drainage 防水 (ぼうすい) ‎(bōsui): tarpaulin 湧水 (ゆうすい) ‎(yūsui): water welling 用水 (ようすい) ‎(yōsui): irrigation water 呼 (よ)び水 (みず) ‎(yobimizu): pump priming 冷水 (れいすい) ‎(reisui): cold water 水疱 (すいほう) ‎(suihō): blister 水鶏 (くいな) ‎(kuina), 水鶏 (すいけい) ‎(suikei): rail; water rail

Etymology 1Edit

Wikipedia ^ja Wikipedia

Kanji in this term
水
み Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/mi₁/ → /mi/

From Old Japanese. Typically found in compounds. May be a contraction of mizu below.

PronunciationEdit

• Kun'yomi
• IPA^(key): [mi]

NounEdit

水 ‎(hiragana み, romaji mi)

1. water

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

港 (みなと) ‎(minato) 湊 (みなと) ‎(minato) 源 (みなもと) ‎(minamoto) 澪 (みお) ‎(mio) 水面 (みなも) ‎(minamo) 水泡 (みなわ) ‎(minawa) 水底 (みなそこ) ‎(minasoko) 水無月 (みなづき) ‎(minazuki) 漲 (みなぎ)る ‎(minagiru) 水上 (みなかみ) ‎(minakami) 泉 (いずみ) ‎(izumi) 溝 (みぞ) ‎(mizo) 汀 (みぎわ) ‎(migiwa) 満 (み)たす ‎(mitasu) 霙 (みぞれ) ‎(mizore) 海 (うみ) ‎(umi) 溝 (みぞ) ‎(mizo)

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
水
みず Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/mi₁du/ → /midu/ → /mid͡zu → /mizu/

From Old Japanese. Possibly cognate with Korean 물 (mul, “water”); compare Middle Korean 밀 ‎(mil, “water”).

PronunciationEdit

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) みず [mìzú] (Heiban - [0])
• IPA^(key): [mizɯᵝ]

NounEdit

水 ‎(hiragana みず, romaji mizu, historical hiragana みづ)

1. water (cold, fresh)
2. a fluid; a liquid
3. a flood
4. halting in sumo

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

Names 水魚 (みお) ‎(Mio); 水魚 (みずな) ‎(Mizuna) 水月 (みずき) ‎(Mizuki); 水月 (すいげつ) ‎(Suigetsu); 水月 (みずつき) ‎(Mizutsuki); 水月 (みつき) ‎(Mitsuki); 水月 (みづき) ‎(Mizuki) 水彩 (すいさい) ‎(Suisai); 水彩 (みさ) ‎(Misa); 水彩 (みさい) ‎(Misai); 水彩 (みどり) ‎(Midori) 水成 (みずなり) ‎(Mizunari) 水村 (みずむら) ‎(Mizumura); 水村 (みすむら) ‎(Misumura); 水村 (みづむら) ‎(Mizumura); 水村 (みむら) ‎(Mimura)

IdiomsEdit

Idioms

水入 (みずい)らずで ‎(mizu irazu de): by ourselves 水到 (みずいた)りて渠成 (きょな)る ‎(mizu itarite kyonaru): as time flows, everything falls into place 水 (みず)を差 (さ)す ‎(mizu o sasu): put a damper (on); throw a wet blanket (on) (lit. pour water on)

PrefixEdit

水 ‎(hiragana みず, romaji mizu-, historical hiragana みづ)

1. water

Related termsEdit

• 瑞 (みず) ‎(mizu-): young and fresh

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
水
すい Grade: 1
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 水 ‎(sywij^X, “water”).

PronunciationEdit

• On'yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) す​い [súꜜì] (Atamadaka - [1])
• IPA^(key): [sɯᵝi]

NounEdit

水 ‎(hiragana すい, romaji sui)

1. one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see the "Wu Xing" entry on Wikipedia

Etymology 4Edit

Kanji in this term
水
もい Grade: 1
Irregular

From the meaning of “that which goes in the 盌 ‎(moi, “bowl”)”.

PronunciationEdit

• (Irregular reading)
• IPA^(key): [mo̞i]

NounEdit

水 ‎(hiragana もい, romaji moi, historical hiragana もひ)

1. drinking water

ReferencesEdit

---

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

水 • ‎(su)
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 수 (revised: su, McCune-Reischauer: su, Yale: swu)

• Name (hangeul): 물 (revised: mul, McCune-Reischauer: mul, Yale: mul)

1. (물 수, mul-): water
2. (as an abbreviation) Wednesday

CompoundsEdit

• 湖水 ‎(호수, hosu)

---

MiyakoEdit

KanjiEdit

水 ‎(mizu, mikɯ) ‎(hiragana みず)

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 ‎(mizu), Old Japanese 水 ‎(midu).

NounEdit

水 ‎(mizu, mikɯ) ‎(hiragana みず)

1. water

ReferencesEdit

• http://rlang.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/rlang/myk/details.php?ID=MY14438

---

MulamEdit

NounEdit

水 ‎(nəm4)

1. water

ReferencesEdit

• ABVD: Mulam of Dongmen and of Siba

---

Northern Amami-OshimaEdit

KanjiEdit

水 ‎(mïzï) ‎(hiragana むぃずぃ)

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 ‎(mizu), Old Japanese 水 ‎(midu).

NounEdit

水 ‎(mïzï) ‎(hiragana むぃずぃ)

1. water

---

Oki-No-ErabuEdit

KanjiEdit

水 ‎(miji) ‎(hiragana みじ)

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 ‎(mizu), Old Japanese 水 ‎(midu).

NounEdit

水 ‎(miji) ‎(hiragana みじ)

1. water

---

OkinawanEdit

KanjiEdit

水 ‎(miji) ‎(hiragana みじ)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

大水 (うーみじ, ūmiji): flood 水牛 (みじうし, mijiushi): water buffalo 水鶏 (くみらー, kumirā): waterfowl 山原水鶏 (やんばるくみらー, yanbarukumirā): Okinawa rail

EtymologyEdit

From earlier 水 (みづ, midzu/midu), attested in 1711 in the Konkoukenshuu (混効験集). The word underwent a pronunciation change due to the shifting of /u/ to /i/ after alveolar consonants. Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 ‎(mizu), Old Japanese 水 ‎(midu).

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /mid͡ʑi/

NounEdit

水 ‎(miji) ‎(hiragana みじ)

1. water

Derived termsEdit

• 大水 (うーみじ, ūmiji): flood
• 水牛 (みじうし, mijiushi): water buffalo

---

Southern Amami-OshimaEdit

KanjiEdit

水 ‎(mïdi) ‎(hiragana むぃでぃ)

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 ‎(mizu), Old Japanese 水 ‎(midu).

NounEdit

水 ‎(mïdi) ‎(hiragana むぃでぃ)

1. water

---

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

水 (thuỷ, thủy, lương, nhượng)

1. water

---

YonaguniEdit

KanjiEdit

水 ‎(min) ‎(hiragana みん)

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 ‎(mizu), Old Japanese 水 ‎(midu). Possibly also related to Korean 물 (mul, “water”), Middle Korean 밀 ‎(mil, “water”).

NounEdit

水 ‎(min) ‎(hiragana みん)

1. water

ReferencesEdit

• The Languages of Japan and Korea (2012), section Yonaguni, page 415 (as miɴ)

---

YoronEdit

KanjiEdit

水 ‎(miji) ‎(hiragana みじ)

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 ‎(mizu), Old Japanese 水 ‎(midu). Possibly also related to Korean 물 (mul, “water”), Middle Korean 밀 ‎(mil, “water”).

NounEdit

水 ‎(miji) ‎(hiragana みじ)

1. water

ReferencesEdit

• JLect