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水

See also: 𣱱, 氺, 氷, and 永
水 U+6C34, 水
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C34
← 氳
[U+6C33] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 氵 →
[U+6C35]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Alternative formsEdit

  • ⽔ (U+2F54, Kangxi radical)
  • 氵 (when used as a left radical)
  • 氺 (when used in characters such as 泰)

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 85 水

水 (radical 85, 水+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 水 (E), four-corner 12230, composition ⿲㇇亅⿺乀丿(GJKV) or ⿲㇇亅⿱丿乀(HT))

  1. Kangxi radical #85, ⽔.

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 603, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17083
  • Dae Jaweon: page 992, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1545, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6C34

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 水
variant forms 𡿭
𣸕

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 水
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
             
Characters in the same phonetic series (水) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
沝 *qʷljilʔ
水 *qʰʷljilʔ


Pictogram (象形) – compare 川 (chuān).

 
Wikipedia has articles on:
• 水 (Written Standard Chinese?)
• 水 (Cantonese)
• 水 (Gan)
• 水 (Classical)
• 水 (Wu)
• chúi (Min Nan)
• súi (Hakka)

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lwi(j) (“flow; stream”) (Benedict, 1974; Coblin, 1986; Handel, 1998; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Mizo lui (“stream; brook; river”), Tedim Chin [script needed] (luːi³, “stream; river”), Jingpho lawi (“to flow (as water)”).

Old Chinese 水 (OC lhuiʔ) (minimally reconstructed) is Sino-Tibetan root's endoactive derivation with suffix *-ʔ, meaning "that which is flowing > water"; its voiceless initial suggests the presence of a nominalizing prefix *k- or *s-. Another derivative from the Sino-Tibetan root is possibly 泫 (OC winʔ, “to flow”) (minimally reconstructed).

Compare also areal etymon Proto-Mon-Khmer *lujʔ ~ luuj() ~ luəj() ~ ləəj() (“to wade; to swim”).

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • chúi - vernacular;
  • súi - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data▼
    Variety Location 水
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂuei²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ʂuei²¹³/
    /suei²¹³/
    Tianjin /suei¹³/
    Jinan /ʂuei⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /ʂue⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ʂuei⁵³/
    Xi'an /fei⁵³/
    Xining /fɨ⁵³/
    Yinchuan /ʂuei⁵³/
    Lanzhou /fei⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /ʂuei⁵¹/
    /fei⁵¹/
    Wuhan /suei⁴²/
    Chengdu /suei⁵³/
    Guiyang /suei⁴²/
    Kunming /ʂuei⁵³/
    Nanjing /ʂuəi²¹²/
    Hefei /ʂue²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /suei⁵³/
    Pingyao /suei⁵³/
    Hohhot /suei⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /sz̩³⁵/
    Suzhou /sz̩ʷ⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /sz̩ʷei⁵³/
    Wenzhou /sz̩³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /ɕye³⁵/
    /ɕy³⁵/
    Tunxi /ɕy³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ɕyei⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /ɕyəi⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /sui²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /sui³¹/
    Taoyuan /ʃui³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /søy³⁵/
    Nanning /sui³⁵/
    Hong Kong /søy³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sui⁵³/
    /t͡sui⁵³/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡suoi³²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /sy²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sui⁵³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /sui³¹/
    /tui²¹³/
    Rime
    Character 水
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 書 (26)
    Final (韻) 脂 (18)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) Chongniu III
    Fanqie 式軌切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɕˠiuɪX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɕʷᵚiX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɕiuɪX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɕjwiX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɕjuiX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɕwiX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɕwiX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shuǐ
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 水
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shuǐ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sywijX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s.turʔ/ (E dialect: *-r > *-j)
    English water; river

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 水
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11948
    Phonetic
    component         		水
    Rime
    group         		脂
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		水
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰʷljilʔ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    水

    1. water (Classifier: 瓶; 滴; 池; 盆; 杯)
    2. liquid; potion; juice
      口水  ―  kǒushuǐ  ―  saliva
      羊水  ―  yángshuǐ  ―  amniotic fluid
      眼藥水 / 眼药水  ―  yǎnyàoshuǐ  ―  eyedrop
    3. (colloquial, chiefly Singapore, Malaysia) Synonym of 飲料／饮料 (yǐnliào, “beverage”).
      要叫什麼水？ / 要叫什么水？  ―  Yào jiào shénme shuǐ?  ―  What beverage do you want to order?
      欲叫什物水？ [Min Nan]  ―  Beh kiò sím-mi̍h chúi? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  What beverage do you want to order?
    4. river
      漢水 / 汉水  ―  Hànshuǐ  ―  the Han River
    5. body of water
    6. waterway
    7. flood
      大水  ―  dàshuǐ  ―  (literally) great water
    8. additional cost or income
    9. (Cantonese) money
    10. (Hong Kong Cantonese) hundred dollars (Classifier: 嚿／𫩥)
      三嚿水 / 三𫩥水 [Cantonese]  ―  saam1 gau6 seoi2 [Jyutping]  ―  three hundred dollars
    11. (colloquial) lacking substance or power; worthless
    12. Classifier for the number of times clothing was washed.
    13. Sui people
      水書 / 水书  ―  shuǐshū  ―  Shuishu (the traditional writing system of the Sui people)
    14. A surname​.
    DescendantsEdit
    Sino-Xenic (水):
    • → Japanese: 水 (すい) (sui)
    • → Korean: 수 (水, su)
    • → Vietnamese: thuỷ (水)

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 水

    Etymology 2Edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of 水 – see 媠 (“Min Nan: pretty; beautiful”).
    (This character, 水, is a variant form of 媠.)

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    水

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. water
    2. body of water
    3. fluid, liquid
    4. Short for 水素 (suiso): hydrogen

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1Edit

     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
     
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    Kanji in this term
    水
    みず
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    ⟨mi1du⟩ → */mʲidu/ → /mid͡zu/ → /mizu/

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *mentu. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu (whence Toku-No-Shima むぃずぃ (/mɨdzɨ/), Okinawan みじ (/midʑi/ → miji), Miyako みず (midzɿ) and Yonaguni みん (/miɴ/ → min)). Also Goguryeo 買 (*me, “river, water”) is suspected to be a relative.[1]

    If from Proto-Altaic, possibly cognate with Middle Korean 믈 (mɯl, “water”) (whence modern Korean 물 (mul)), Proto-Mongolic *mören (“river”) (whence Mongolian мөрөн (mörön)) and Proto-Tungusic *mū (“water”).[2].

    Possibly cognate with 瑞 (⟨mi1du⟩ → mizu, “freshness, youth”).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    水 (hiragana みず, rōmaji mizu, historical hiragana みづ)

    1. water (sometimes cold and/or fresh)
      • 1999 July 22, “水みずの踊おどり子こ [Water Dancer]”, in Vol.4 (in Japanese), Konami:
        かめから次 (つぎ)々 (つぎ)とあふれでる水 (みず)を、竜 (りゅう)に変 (か)えて攻 (こう)撃 (げき)してくる。
        Kame kara tsugitsugi to afurederu mizu o, ryū ni kaete kōgeki shitekuru.
        When attacking, she transforms the constant overflow of water from her pot into a dragon.
      Synonyms: ウオーター (uōtā), ウォーター (wōtā)
      Antonym: 湯 (yu)
    2. drinking water
      Synonyms: 飲水 (insui, nomimizu), 飲用水 (in'yōsui), 飲料水 (inryōsui)
    3. a fluid, liquid
      Synonym: 液体 (ekitai)
    4. a flood
      Synonyms: 大水 (ōmizu), 洪水 (kōzui), 出水 (shussui)
    5. (sumo) Short for 水入り (mizuiri) halting
    6. (sumo) Short for 力水 (chikara mizu) water offered to sumo wrestlers before a bout
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms
    IdiomsEdit
    Idioms
    ProverbsEdit
    Proverbs

    PrefixEdit

    水 (hiragana みず, rōmaji mizu-, historical hiragana みづ)

    1. water
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Proper nounEdit

    水 (hiragana みず, rōmaji Mizu, historical hiragana みづ)

    1. a female given name
    2. a surname

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    水
    み
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    ⟨mi1⟩ → */mʲi/ → /mi/

    From Old Japanese.

    Typically found in compounds.[4]

    PronunciationEdit

    AffixEdit

    水 (hiragana み, rōmaji mi)

    1. Combining form of みず (mizu) above
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Etymology 3Edit

    Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory → *Lua error: not enough memory → Lua error: not enough memory

    From Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory.

    Compare modern Lua error: not enough memory, modern Lua error: not enough memory.

    PronunciationEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    NounEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    1. water: one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine
    2. Short for Lua error: not enough memoryLua error: not enough memory: Wednesday
    3. shaved ice served with flavored syrup
      Lua error: not enough memory
    Usage notesEdit
    • Most dictionaries proscribe historical -uwi readings such as Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory, and Lua error: not enough memory as attested in many historical documents.

    Proper nounEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    1. Lua error: not enough memory

    Etymology 4Edit

    Lua error: not enough memory ⟨mopi1⟩ → *Lua error: not enough memory → Lua error: not enough memory → Lua error: not enough memory

    From Lua error: not enough memory.

    From the meaning of “that which goes in the Lua error: not enough memory”.[3][4]

    PronunciationEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    NounEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    1. drinking water
    Derived termsEdit
    • Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory

    See alsoEdit

    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2010), chapter 上代日本語と古代・中世韓国語の「水」と「涙」, in Lua error: not enough memory‎[1], page 115
    2. ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), Lua error: not enough memory”, in Lua error: not enough memory (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 2006, Lua error: not enough memory (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBNLua error: not enough memory
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 1988, Lua error: not enough memory (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    Lua error: not enough memory

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    1. (물 수, mul-): water
    2. (as an abbreviation) Wednesday

    CompoundsEdit

    • Lua error: not enough memory

    MiyakoEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with mainland Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory.

    KanjiEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    NounEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    1. water

    ReferencesEdit

    MulamEdit

    NounEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    1. water

    ReferencesEdit

    Northern Amami-OshimaEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with mainland Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory.

    KanjiEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    NounEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    1. water

    Oki-No-ErabuEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with mainland Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory.

    KanjiEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    NounEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    1. water

    OkinawanEdit

    KanjiEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    EtymologyEdit

    From earlier 水 (みづ, midzu/midu), attested in 1711 in the Konkoukenshuu (混効験集). The word underwent a pronunciation change due to the shifting of /u/ to /i/ after alveolar consonants. Cognate with mainland Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory.

    PronunciationEdit

    • Lua error: not enough memory

    NounEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    1. water

    Derived termsEdit

    Southern Amami-OshimaEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with mainland Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory.

    KanjiEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    NounEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    1. water

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    1. Hán tự form of Lua error: not enough memory.

    ReferencesEdit


    YonaguniEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with mainland Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory. Possibly also related to Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory.

    KanjiEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    NounEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    1. water

    ReferencesEdit

    • The Languages of Japan and Korea (2012), section Yonaguni, page 415 (as miɴ)

    YoronEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with mainland Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory. Possibly also related to Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory.

    KanjiEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    NounEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    1. water

    ReferencesEdit

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