水

See also: 𣱱, 氺, 氷, 永, and 氵

水	U+6C34, 水 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C34

← 氳
[U+6C33]

CJK Unified Ideographs

氵 →
[U+6C35]

⽔	U+2F54, ⽔ KANGXI RADICAL WATER

← ⽓
[U+2F53]

Kangxi Radicals

⽕ →
[U+2F55]

Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

水

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Stroke order

Alternative formsEdit

氵 (when used as a left radical)
氺 (when used in characters such as 泰)

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 85 水

水 (radical 85, 水+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 水 (E), four-corner 1223₀, composition ⿲㇇亅⿺乀丿(GJKV) or ⿲㇇亅⿱丿乀(HT))

Kangxi radical #85, ⽔.

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 603, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17083
Dae Jaweon: page 992, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1545, character 1
Unihan data for U+6C34

Central BaiEdit

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NounEdit

水 (xuix)

hanzi form of xuix
- 1450, Yang Fu (楊黼), 《詞記山花——咏蒼洱境》:
  煴煊茶水㱔呼𪢂
  Boiling tea water, greeting each other.

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		水
alternative forms		𡿭𣸕

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 水
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (水) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
沝	*qʷljilʔ
水	*qʰʷljilʔ

Pictogram (象形) – compare 川 (chuān).

Wikipedia has articles on:

水 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
水 (Cantonese)
水 (Classical)
水 (Gan)
súi (Hakka)
cūi (Min Dong)
chúi (Min Nan)
水 (Wu)

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lwi(j) (“flow; stream”) (Benedict, 1974; Coblin, 1986; Handel, 1998; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Mizo lui (“stream; brook; river”), Tedim Chin [script needed] (luːi³, “stream; river”), Jingpho lawi (“to flow (as water)”).

Old Chinese 水 (OC lhuiʔ) (minimally reconstructed) is Sino-Tibetan root's endoactive derivation with suffix *-ʔ, meaning "that which is flowing"; its voiceless initial suggests the presence of a nominalizing prefix *k- or *s-. Another derivative from the Sino-Tibetan root is possibly 泫 (OC winʔ, “to flow”) (minimally reconstructed).

Compare also areal etymon Proto-Mon-Khmer *lujʔ ~ luuj() ~ luəj() ~ ləəj() (“to wade; to swim”).

Alternatively, Gong (1995) reconstructs Old Chinese *hljədx and compares it to Tibetan ཆུ (chu, “water”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsju (“water; liquid; bodily fluid”). Baxter and Sagart (2014), employing evidence from Proto-Min, reconstructs Old Chinese *s.turʔ and compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *twəj (“to flow; to suppurate”), which is likely related to *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s (“water; fluid; to soak; to be wet”) (STEDT). Like Gong (1995), Sagart (2017) compares it to Tibetan ཆུ (chu), but he also compares it to Bodo (India) दै (dwi), Mizo tui, Proto-Karen *thejᴬ, all of which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s. Handel deems derivations from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsju or *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s unlikely because of phonological issues (STEDT).

PronunciationEdit

See 水/derived terms § Water (Chinese).

DefinitionsEdit

水

water (Classifier: 瓶; 滴; 池; 盆; 杯)
請給我一杯水，謝謝。 [MSC, trad.]
请给我一杯水，谢谢。 [MSC, simp.]
Qǐng gěi wǒ yī bēi shuǐ, xièxiè. [Pinyin]
A glass of water, please.
liquid; potion; juice
口水 ― kǒushuǐ ― saliva

羊水 ― yángshuǐ ― amniotic fluid

眼藥水 / 眼药水 ― yǎnyàoshuǐ ― eyedrop
(colloquial, chiefly Singapore, Malaysia) Synonym of 飲料／饮料 (yǐnliào, “beverage”).
要叫什麼水？ / 要叫什么水？ ― Yào jiào shénme shuǐ? ― What beverage do you want to order?

欲叫什物水？ [Hokkien] ― Beh kiò sím-mi̍h chúi? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― What beverage do you want to order?
(archaic) river
漢水 / 汉水 ― Hànshuǐ ― the Han River
body of water
waterway
flood
發水 / 发水 ― fāshuǐ ― to flood
additional cost or income
(dialectal) rain
(Cantonese) money
(Hong Kong Cantonese) hundred dollars (Classifier: 嚿／𫩥)
三嚿水 / 三𫩥水 [Cantonese] ― saam¹ gau⁶ seoi² [Jyutping] ― three hundred dollars
(colloquial) lacking substance or power; worthless
這裡的大學太水了。 [MSC, trad.]
这里的大学太水了。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhèlǐ de dàxué tài shuǐ le. [Pinyin]
The universities here are too weak.
Short for 划水 (huáshuǐ, “to shirk; to slack off”).
(colloquial) Classifier for the number of times clothing was washed.
Sui people
水書 / 水书 ― shuǐshū ― Shuishu (the traditional writing system of the Sui people)
A surname.

Etymology 2Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 水 – see 媠 (“Min Nan: pretty; beautiful”). (This character, 水, is a variant form of 媠.)

ReferencesEdit

“水”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02124
“Entry #823”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

水

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: すい (sui, Jōyō)^{←すい (sui, historical)}
Kan-on: すい (sui, Jōyō)^{←すい (sui, historical)}
Kun: みず (mizu, 水, Jōyō)^{←みづ (midu, historical)}
Nanori: うず (uzu); ずみ (zumi); たいら (taira)^{←たひら (tafira, historical)}; つ (tsu); ど (do); な (na); なか (naka); み (mi); みさ (misa); みつ (mitsu); みな (mina); みん (min); ゆ (yu); ゆく (yuku)

CompoundsEdit

See 水/derived terms § Kanji.

Etymology 1Edit

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

水

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Water

Wikipedia

Kanji in this term
水
みず Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨mi₁du⟩ → */mʲidu/ → /mid͡zu/ → /mizu/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *mentu. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.

Possibly cognate with 瑞 (mizu, “freshness, youth”).

PronunciationEdit

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) みず [mìzú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [mʲizɨᵝ]

NounEdit

水(みず) • (mizu) ^{←みづ (midu)^?}

water (sometimes cold and/or fresh)
Synonyms: ウオーター (uōtā), ウォーター (wōtā)

Antonym: 湯 (yu)
drinking water
Synonyms: 飲水 (insui, nomimizu), 飲用水 (in'yōsui), 飲料水 (inryōsui)
a fluid, liquid
Synonym: 液体 (ekitai)
a flood
Synonyms: 大水 (ōmizu), 洪水 (kōzui), 出水 (shussui)
(sumo) Short for 水入り (mizuiri): halting
(sumo) Short for 力水 (chikara mizu): water offered to sumo wrestlers before a bout

Derived termsEdit

See 水/derived terms § Water (Japanese).

IdiomsEdit

See 水/derived terms § Water (Japanese).

ProverbsEdit

See 水/derived terms § Water (Japanese).

PrefixEdit

水(みず) • (mizu-) ^{←みづ (midu)^?}

water

Derived termsEdit

See 水/derived terms § Water (Prefix).

Proper nounEdit

水(みず) • (Mizu) ^{←みづ (midu)^?}

a female given name
a surname

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
水
み Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨mi₁⟩ → */mʲi/ → /mi/

From Old Japanese.

Typically found in compounds.^[2]

AffixEdit

水(み) • (mi)

Combining form of みず (mizu) above

Derived termsEdit

See 水/derived terms § Combining form.

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
水
すい Grade: 1
on’yomi

/ɕuwi/ → */suwi/ → /sui/

From Middle Chinese 水 (MC ɕˠiuɪ^X).

Compare modern Mandarin 水 (shuǐ), modern Hakka 水 (súi).

PronunciationEdit

On’yomi

(Tokyo) すい [súꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [sɨᵝi]

NounEdit

水(すい) • (sui)

water: one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine
Short for 水曜日 (suiyōbi): Wednesday
shaved ice served with flavored syrup
Synonym: 氷水 (kōrimizu)

AffixEdit

水(すい) • (sui)

Derived termsEdit

See 水/derived terms § Water (element).

Proper nounEdit

水(すい) • (Sui)

a female given name

Etymology 4Edit

Kanji in this term
水
もい Grade: 1
Irregular

⟨mopi₁⟩ → */mopʲi/ → /moɸi/ → /mowi/ → /moi/

From Old Japanese.

From the meaning of “that which goes in the 椀, 盌 (moi, “bowl”)”.^[1]^[2]

NounEdit

水(もい) • (moi) ^{←もひ (mofi)^?}

drinking water

Derived termsEdit

水(もい)取(とり), 主水(もいとり) (moitori)

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

KoreanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese 水 (MC ɕˠiuɪ^X).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᄉᆔᆼ〯 (Yale: syǔy)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	Gloss	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	믈〮 (Yale: múl)	슈〯 (Yale: syǔ)

PronunciationEdit

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰu]
Phonetic hangeul: [수]

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

水

Wikisource

水 (eumhun 물 수 (mul su))

Hanja form^? of 수 (“water”). [affix]
Hanja form^? of 수 (“Short for 수요일(水曜日) (suyoil, “Wednesday”).”).

CompoundsEdit

See 水/derived terms § Water (Korean).

ReferencesEdit

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Lama BaiEdit

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NounEdit

水 (ɕy³³)

hanzi form of ɕy³³ (water)

MiyakoEdit

KanjiEdit

水

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): [mid͡zz̩]

NounEdit

水 (hiragana みず, rōmaji mizu, mikɯ)

water

ReferencesEdit

“ミズ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Miyako Dialect Dictionary.
“みず” in Celik Kenan Thibault, Online Miyako Dictionary, 2016.

Northern Amami-OshimaEdit

KanjiEdit

水

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.

NounEdit

水 (hiragana むぃずぃ, rōmaji mïzï)

water

Oki-No-ErabuEdit

KanjiEdit

水

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.

NounEdit

水 (hiragana みじ, rōmaji miji)

water

ReferencesEdit

“みじ【水】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

OkinawanEdit

KanjiEdit

水

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

On: しー (shī)
Kun: みじ (miji, 水)

CompoundsEdit

See 水/derived terms § Kanji (Okinawan).

EtymologyEdit

From earlier 水 (midu → midzu → mizu), attested in 1711 in the 混効験集 (Konkōkenshū), itself from Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.

The word underwent a pronunciation change due to the shifting of /u/ to /i/ after alveolar consonants.

Cognate with Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (mi₁du).

PronunciationEdit

(Shuri-Naha) みじ[míꜜd͡ʑì] (Kakō - [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [mid͡ʑi]

NounEdit

水 (hiragana みじ, rōmaji miji)

water

Derived termsEdit

See 水/derived terms § Water (Okinawan).

ReferencesEdit

^ “ミジ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.

“みじ【水】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Southern Amami-OshimaEdit

KanjiEdit

水

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.

NounEdit

水 (hiragana むぃでぃ, rōmaji mïdi)

water

Southern BaiEdit

	A user has added this entry to requests for verification⁽⁺⁾
	If it cannot be verified that this term meets our attestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove `{{rfv}}` until the request has been resolved.

NounEdit

水 (ɕy³³)

hanzi form of ɕy³³ (water)

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

水: Hán Việt readings: thủy/thuỷ (式(thức)軌(quỹ)切(thiết))^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
水: Nôm readings: thủy/thuỷ^[1]^[2]^[4]^[6], nước^[2]

Hán tự form of thuỷ (“water”).
(uncommon) Nôm form of nước (“water”).

CompoundsEdit

See 水/derived terms § Water (Vietnamese).

ReferencesEdit

YonaguniEdit

KanjiEdit

水

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.

Possibly also related to Korean 물 (mul), Middle Korean 밀 (mil, “water”).

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): [miŋ]

NounEdit

水 (hiragana みん, rōmaji min, hiragana みーん, rōmaji mīn)

water

ReferencesEdit

“みん【水】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Nicolas Tranter, editor ((Can we date this quote?)) The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN, Yonaguni, page 415

YoronEdit

KanjiEdit

水

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.

Possibly also related to Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory.

NounEdit

Lua error: not enough memory

water

ReferencesEdit

“みじ【水】” in Lua error: not enough memory, 2019.

Lua error: not enough memory

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-2] 2.0 ^2.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[3] “ミジ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.

[tdcndg-4] 1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-5] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-6] Trần (2004).

[bonet-7] 4.0 ^4.1 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-8] Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-9] Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[1]

[2]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

水

TranslingualEdit

Alternative formsEdit

Han characterEdit

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

Further readingEdit

Central BaiEdit

NounEdit

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

DefinitionsEdit

SynonymsEdit

CompoundsEdit

DescendantsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

ReferencesEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Derived termsEdit

IdiomsEdit

ProverbsEdit

PrefixEdit

Derived termsEdit

Proper nounEdit

Etymology 2Edit

AffixEdit

Derived termsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

AffixEdit

Derived termsEdit

Proper nounEdit

Etymology 4Edit

NounEdit

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

KoreanEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

HanjaEdit

CompoundsEdit

ReferencesEdit

Lama BaiEdit

NounEdit

MiyakoEdit

KanjiEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ReferencesEdit

Northern Amami-OshimaEdit

KanjiEdit

EtymologyEdit

NounEdit

Oki-No-ErabuEdit

KanjiEdit

EtymologyEdit

NounEdit

ReferencesEdit

OkinawanEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

Southern Amami-OshimaEdit

KanjiEdit