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水

水 U+6C34, 水
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C34
← 氳
[U+6C33]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 氵 →
[U+6C35]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Alternative formsEdit

  • 氵 (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Han characterEdit

 
See images of
Radical 85 水

水 (radical 85 水+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 水 (E), four-corner 12230)

  1. Kangxi radical #85, ⽔.

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 603, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17083
  • Dae Jaweon: page 992, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1545, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6C34

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 水
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
• 水 (Written Standard Chinese?)
• 水 (Cantonese)
• 水 (Gan)
• 水 (Classical)
• 水 (Wu)
• chúi (Min Nan)
• súi (Hakka)

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 水
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (水) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
沝 qʷljilʔ
水 qʰʷljilʔ

Pictogram (象形) – compare 川.

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lwi(j) (“flow; stream”).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • chúi - vernacular;
  • súi - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 水
Mandarin Beijing /ʂuei²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʂuei²¹³/
/suei²¹³/
Tianjin /suei¹³/
Jinan /ʂuei⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ʂue⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʂuei⁵³/
Xi'an /fei⁵³/
Xining /fɨ⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʂuei⁵³/
Lanzhou /fei⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʂuei⁵¹/
/fei⁵¹/
Wuhan /suei⁴²/
Chengdu /suei⁵³/
Guiyang /suei⁴²/
Kunming /ʂuei⁵³/
Nanjing /ʂuəi²¹²/
Hefei /ʂue²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /suei⁵³/
Pingyao /suei⁵³/
Hohhot /suei⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /sz̩³⁵/
Suzhou /sz̩ʷ⁵¹/
Hangzhou /sz̩ʷei⁵³/
Wenzhou /sz̩³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ɕye³⁵/
/ɕy³⁵/
Tunxi /ɕy³¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕyei⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ɕyəi⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /sui²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /sui³¹/
Taoyuan /ʃui³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /søy³⁵/
Nanning /sui³⁵/
Hong Kong /søy³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sui⁵³/
/t͡sui⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡suoi³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /sy²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sui⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sui³¹/
/tui²¹³/
Rime
Character 水
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 脂 (18)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 式軌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕˠiuɪX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕʷᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕiuɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕjwiX/
Li
Rong		 /ɕjuiX/
Wang
Li		 /ɕwiX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕwiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shuǐ
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 水
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shuǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sywijX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.turʔ/ (E dialect: *-r > *-j)
English water; river

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 水
Reading # 1/1
No. 11948
Phonetic
component		 水
Rime
group		 脂
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 水
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰʷljilʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

水

  1. water (Classifier: 瓶; 滴; 池; 盆; 杯)
  2. liquid; potion; juice
    口水  ―  kǒushuǐ  ―  saliva
  3. river
    漢水 / 汉水  ―  Hànshuǐ  ―  the Han River
  4. body of water
  5. waterway
  6. flood
  7. additional cost or income
  8. (Cantonese) money
  9. (Hong Kong Cantonese) hundred dollars (Classifier: 嚿)
    三嚿水 [Cantonese]  ―  saam1 gau6 seoi2 [Jyutping]  ―  three hundred dollars
  10. Classifier for the number of times clothing was washed.
  11. A surname​.
  12. Sui people
    • 水書 / 水书  ―  shuǐshū  ―  Shuishu (the traditional writing system of the Sui people)
DescendantsEdit
Sino-Xenic (水):
  • Japanese: 水 (すい) (sui)
  • Korean: 수 (水, su)
  • Vietnamese: thuỷ (水)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 水

Etymology 2Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 水 – see 媠 (“Min Nan: pretty; beautiful”).
(This character, 水, is a variant form of 媠.)

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

水

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. (cold) water
  2. “water” radical (みず)

ReadingsEdit

NotesEdit

  • As in historical readings ずゐ (zuwi), つゐ (tuwi), ゆゐ (yuwi), and るゐ (ruwi), most dictionaries do not have すゐ (suwi) as a historical reading for 水. According to historical data, the on-reading of 水 is the modern すい (sui). However, the Dai Kanwa Jiten, has the すゐ (suwi) and related -wi historical on-readings.

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

Etymology 1Edit

 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
水
み
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/mi₁/ → /mi/

From Old Japanese [Term?]. Typically found in compounds.[1] May be a contraction of mizu below.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

水 (hiragana み, rōmaji mi)

  1. water
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
水
みず
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/mi₁du/ → /midu/ → /mid͡zu/ → /mizu/

From Old Japanese. Possibly cognate with Korean 물 (mul, “water”); compare Middle Korean 밀 (mil, “water”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

水 (hiragana みず, rōmaji mizu, historical hiragana みづ)

  1. water (cold, fresh)
  2. a fluid; a liquid
  3. a flood
  4. halting in sumo
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
Names
IdiomsEdit
Idioms

PrefixEdit

水 (hiragana みず, rōmaji mizu-, historical hiragana みづ)

  1. water
Related termsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
水
すい
Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 水 (sywijX, “water”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

水 (hiragana すい, rōmaji sui)

  1. one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see the "Wu Xing" entry on Wikipedia

Etymology 4Edit

Kanji in this term
水
もい
Grade: 1
Irregular

From the meaning of “that which goes in the 盌 (moi, “bowl”)”.[1][2]

PronunciationEdit

  • (Irregular reading)

NounEdit

水 (hiragana もい, rōmaji moi, historical hiragana もひ)

  1. drinking water

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

水 • (su)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 수 (revised: su, McCune-Reischauer: su, Yale: swu)
    • Name (hangeul): 물 (revised: mul, McCune-Reischauer: mul, Yale: mul)
  1. (물 수, mul-): water
  2. (as an abbreviation) Wednesday

CompoundsEdit

MiyakoEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu).

KanjiEdit

水 (hiragana みず, romaji mizu, mikɯ)

NounEdit

水 (hiragana みず, romaji mizu, mikɯ)

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

MulamEdit

NounEdit

水 (nəm4)

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

Northern Amami-OshimaEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu).

KanjiEdit

水 (hiragana むぃずぃ, romaji mïzï)

NounEdit

水 (hiragana むぃずぃ, romaji mïzï)

  1. water

Oki-No-ErabuEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu).

KanjiEdit

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

NounEdit

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

  1. water

OkinawanEdit

KanjiEdit

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

EtymologyEdit

From earlier 水 (みづ, midzu/midu), attested in 1711 in the Konkoukenshuu (混効験集). The word underwent a pronunciation change due to the shifting of /u/ to /i/ after alveolar consonants. Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

  1. water

Derived termsEdit

Southern Amami-OshimaEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu).

KanjiEdit

水 (hiragana むぃでぃ, romaji mïdi)

NounEdit

水 (hiragana むぃでぃ, romaji mïdi)

  1. water

VietnameseEdit

YonaguniEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu). Possibly also related to Korean 물 (mul, “water”), Middle Korean 밀 (mil, “water”).

KanjiEdit

水 (hiragana みん, romaji min)

NounEdit

水 (hiragana みん, romaji min)

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

  • The Languages of Japan and Korea (2012), section Yonaguni, page 415 (as miɴ)

YoronEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu). Possibly also related to Korean 물 (mul, “water”), Middle Korean 밀 (mil, “water”).

KanjiEdit

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

NounEdit

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

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