Wiktionary

水

See also: 𣱱, 氺, 氷, 永, and 氵
Regular Style CJKV Radical 085 (0).svg
水 U+6C34, 水
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C34
← 氳
[U+6C33] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 氵 →
[U+6C35]
Commons:Category
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TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Alternative formsEdit

  • ⽔ (U+2F54, Kangxi radical)
  • 氵 (when used as a left radical)
  • 氺 (when used in characters such as 泰)

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 85 水

水 (radical 85, 水+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 水 (E), four-corner 12230, composition ⿲㇇亅⿺乀丿(GJKV) or ⿲㇇亅⿱丿乀(HT))

  1. Kangxi radical #85, ⽔.

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 603, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17083
  • Dae Jaweon: page 992, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1545, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6C34

Central BaiEdit

NounEdit

水 (ɕy³³)

  1. hanzi form of ɕy³³ (water)

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 水
alternative forms 𡿭
𣸕

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 水
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
             
Characters in the same phonetic series (水) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
沝 *qʷljilʔ
水 *qʰʷljilʔ

Pictogram (象形) – compare 川 (chuān).

 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lwi(j) (“flow; stream”) (Benedict, 1974; Coblin, 1986; Handel, 1998; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Mizo lui (“stream; brook; river”), Tedim Chin [script needed] (luːi³, “stream; river”), Jingpho lawi (“to flow (as water)”).

Old Chinese 水 (OC lhuiʔ) (minimally reconstructed) is Sino-Tibetan root's endoactive derivation with suffix *-ʔ, meaning "that which is flowing"; its voiceless initial suggests the presence of a nominalizing prefix *k- or *s-. Another derivative from the Sino-Tibetan root is possibly 泫 (OC winʔ, “to flow”) (minimally reconstructed).

Compare also areal etymon Proto-Mon-Khmer *lujʔ ~ luuj() ~ luəj() ~ ləəj() (“to wade; to swim”).

Alternatively, Gong (1995) reconstructs Old Chinese *hljədx and compares it to Tibetan ཆུ (chu, “water”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsju (“water; liquid; bodily fluid”). Baxter and Sagart (2014), employing evidence from Proto-Min, reconstructs Old Chinese *s.turʔ and compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *twəj (“to flow; to suppurate”), which is likely related to *m-t(w)əj ~ m-ti-s (“water; fluid; to soak; to be wet”) (STEDT). Like Gong (1995), Sagart (2017) compares it to Tibetan ཆུ (chu), but he also compares it to Bodo (India) दै, Mizo tui, Proto-Karen *thejᴬ, all of which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-t(w)əj ~ m-ti-s. Handel deems derivations from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsju or *m-t(w)əj ~ m-ti-s unlikely because of phonological issues (STEDT).

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • cūi - literary (common);
  • cṳ̄ - vernacular (only used in some words as the first syllable).
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • chúi - vernacular;
    • súi - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 水
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂuei²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ʂuei²¹³/
    /suei²¹³/
    Tianjin /suei¹³/
    Jinan /ʂuei⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /ʂue⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ʂuei⁵³/
    Xi'an /fei⁵³/
    Xining /fɨ⁵³/
    Yinchuan /ʂuei⁵³/
    Lanzhou /fei⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /ʂuei⁵¹/
    /fei⁵¹/
    Wuhan /suei⁴²/
    Chengdu /suei⁵³/
    Guiyang /suei⁴²/
    Kunming /ʂuei⁵³/
    Nanjing /ʂuəi²¹²/
    Hefei /ʂue²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /suei⁵³/
    Pingyao /suei⁵³/
    Hohhot /suei⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /sz̩³⁵/
    Suzhou /sz̩ʷ⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /sz̩ʷei⁵³/
    Wenzhou /sz̩³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /ɕye³⁵/
    /ɕy³⁵/
    Tunxi /ɕy³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ɕyei⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /ɕyəi⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /sui²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /sui³¹/
    Taoyuan /ʃui³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /søy³⁵/
    Nanning /sui³⁵/
    Hong Kong /søy³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sui⁵³/
    /t͡sui⁵³/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡suoi³²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /sy²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sui⁵³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /sui³¹/
    /tui²¹³/
    Rime
    Character 水
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 書 (26)
    Final (韻) 脂 (18)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) Chongniu III
    Fanqie 式軌切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɕˠiuɪX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɕʷᵚiX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɕiuɪX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɕjwiX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɕjuiX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɕwiX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɕwiX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shuǐ
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 水
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shuǐ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sywijX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s.turʔ/ (E dialect: *-r > *-j)
    English water; river

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 水
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11948
    Phonetic
    component         		水
    Rime
    group         		脂
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		水
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰʷljilʔ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    水

    1. water (Classifier: 瓶; 滴; 池; 盆; 杯)
    2. liquid; potion; juice
      口水  ―  kǒushuǐ  ―  saliva
      羊水  ―  yángshuǐ  ―  amniotic fluid
      眼藥水 / 眼药水  ―  yǎnyàoshuǐ  ―  eyedrop
    3. (colloquial, chiefly Singapore, Malaysia) Synonym of 飲料／饮料 (yǐnliào, “beverage”).
      要叫什麼水？ / 要叫什么水？  ―  Yào jiào shénme shuǐ?  ―  What beverage do you want to order?
      欲叫什物水？ [Min Nan]  ―  Beh kiò sím-mi̍h chúi? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  What beverage do you want to order?
    4. river
      漢水 / 汉水  ―  Hànshuǐ  ―  the Han River
    5. body of water
    6. waterway
    7. flood
      大水  ―  dàshuǐ  ―  (literally) great water
    8. additional cost or income
    9. (Cantonese) money
    10. (Hong Kong Cantonese) hundred dollars (Classifier: 嚿／𫩥)
      三嚿水 / 三𫩥水 [Cantonese]  ―  saam1 gau6 seoi2 [Jyutping]  ―  three hundred dollars
    11. (colloquial) lacking substance or power; worthless
      國內大學太水了。 / 国内大学太水了。  ―  Guónèi dàxué tài shuǐ le.  ―  The universities back in China are too weak.
    12. Classifier for the number of times clothing was washed.
    13. Sui people
      水書 / 水书  ―  shuǐshū  ―  Shuishu (the traditional writing system of the Sui people)
    14. A surname​.
    DescendantsEdit
    Sino-Xenic (水):
    • → Japanese: 水(すい) (sui)
    • → Korean: 수 (水, su)
    • → Vietnamese: thuỷ (水)

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms

    Etymology 2Edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of 水 – see 媠 (“Min Nan: pretty; beautiful”).
    (This character, 水, is a variant form of 媠.)

    Further readingEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    水

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1Edit

     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
     
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    Kanji in this term
    水
    みず
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    ⟨mi1du⟩ → */mʲidu/ → /mid͡zu/ → /mizu/

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *mentu. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.

    Possibly cognate with 瑞 (mizu, “freshness, youth”).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    水(みず) • (mizu)  (historical kana みづ)

    1. water (sometimes cold and/or fresh)
      Synonyms: ウオーター (uōtā), ウォーター (wōtā)
      Antonym: 湯 (yu)
    2. drinking water
      Synonyms: 飲水 (insui, nomimizu), 飲用水 (in'yōsui), 飲料水 (inryōsui)
    3. a fluid, liquid
      Synonym: 液体 (ekitai)
    4. a flood
      Synonyms: 大水 (ōmizu), 洪水 (kōzui), 出水 (shussui)
    5. (sumo) Short for 水入り (mizuiri): halting
    6. (sumo) Short for 力水 (chikara mizu): water offered to sumo wrestlers before a bout
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms
    IdiomsEdit
    Idioms
    ProverbsEdit
    Proverbs

    PrefixEdit

    水(みず) • (mizu-)  (historical kana みづ)

    1. water
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Proper nounEdit

    水(みず) • (Mizu)  (historical kana みづ)

    1. a female given name
    2. a surname

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    水
    み
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    ⟨mi1⟩ → */mʲi/ → /mi/

    From Old Japanese.

    Typically found in compounds.[2]

    AffixEdit

    水(み) • (mi) 

    1. Combining form of みず (mizu) above
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    水
    すい
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    /ɕuwi/ → */suwi/ → /sui/

    From Middle Chinese 水 (MC ɕˠiuɪX).

    Compare modern Mandarin 水 (shuǐ), modern Hakka 水 (súi).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    水(すい) • (sui) 

    1. water: one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine
    2. Short for 水曜日 (suiyōbi): Wednesday
    3. shaved ice served with flavored syrup
      Synonym: 氷水 (kōrimizu)

    AffixEdit

    水(すい) • (sui) 

    1. water
    2. body of water
    3. fluid, liquid
    4. Short for 水素 (suiso): hydrogen
    Usage notesEdit
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Proper nounEdit

    水(すい) • (Sui) 

    1. a female given name

    Etymology 4Edit

    Kanji in this term
    水
    もい
    Grade: 1
    Irregular

    ⟨mopi1⟩ → */mopʲi/ → /moɸi/ → /mowi/ → /moi/

    From Old Japanese.

    From the meaning of “that which goes in the 椀, 盌 (moi, “bowl”)”.[1][2]

    NounEdit

    水(もい) • (moi)  (historical kana もひ)

    1. drinking water
    Derived termsEdit

    See alsoEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    KoreanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese 水 (MC ɕˠiuɪX). Recorded as Middle Korean 슈〮 (Yale: syu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    水 (eumhun 물 수 (mul su))

    1. Hanja form? of 수 (“water”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Lama BaiEdit

    NounEdit

    水 (ɕy³³)

    1. hanzi form of ɕy³³ (water)

    MiyakoEdit

    KanjiEdit

    水

    EtymologyEdit

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    水 (hiragana みず, rōmaji mizu, mikɯ)

    1. water

    ReferencesEdit

    • “ミズ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Miyako Dialect Dictionary.
    • “みず” in Celik Kenan Thibault, Online Miyako Dictionary, 2016.

    Northern Amami-OshimaEdit

    KanjiEdit

    水

    EtymologyEdit

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.

    NounEdit

    水 (hiragana むぃずぃ, rōmaji mïzï)

    1. water

    Oki-No-ErabuEdit

    KanjiEdit

    水

    EtymologyEdit

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.

    NounEdit

    水 (hiragana みじ, rōmaji miji)

    1. water

    ReferencesEdit

    • “みじ【水】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    OkinawanEdit

    KanjiEdit

    水

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From earlier 水 (midu → midzu → mizu), attested in 1711 in the 混効験集 (Konkōkenshū), itself from Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.

    The word underwent a pronunciation change due to the shifting of /u/ to /i/ after alveolar consonants.

    Cognate with Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (mi1du).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    水 (hiragana みじ, rōmaji miji)

    1. water

    Derived termsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ “ミジ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.
    • “みじ【水】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    Southern Amami-OshimaEdit

    KanjiEdit

    水

    EtymologyEdit

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.

    NounEdit

    水 (hiragana むぃでぃ, rōmaji mïdi)

    1. water

    Southern BaiEdit

    NounEdit

    水 (ɕy³³)

    1. hanzi from of ɕy³³ (water)

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    水: Hán Việt readings: thủy/thuỷ (式(thức)軌(quỹ)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
    水: Nôm readings: thủy/thuỷ[1][2][4][6], nước[2]

    1. Hán tự form of thuỷ (“water”).
    2. (uncommon) Nôm form of nước (“water”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ^ Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
    5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
    6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

    YonaguniEdit

    KanjiEdit

    水

    EtymologyEdit

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.

    Possibly also related to Korean 물 (mul), Middle Korean 밀 (mil, “water”).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

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    1. water

    ReferencesEdit

    • “みん【水】” in Lua error: not enough memory, 2019.
    • Nicolas Tranter, editor ((Can we date this quote?)Lua error: not enough memory) Lua error: not enough memory, Routledge, →ISBNLua error: not enough memory, Yonaguni, page 415

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    YoronEdit

    KanjiEdit

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    EtymologyEdit

    From Lua error: not enough memory.

    Possibly also related to Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory.

    NounEdit

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    1. water

    ReferencesEdit

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