無故

See also: 无故

Chinese edit

		not have	reason
trad. (無故)		無	故
simp. (无故)		无	故

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wúgù
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄍㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wúgù
  - Wade–Giles: wu²-ku⁴
  - Yale: wú-gù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuguh
  - Palladius: угу (ugu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u³⁵ ku⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mou⁴ gu³
  - Yale: mòuh gu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴ gu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴ gu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹ kuː³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vù-ku
  - Hakka Romanization System: vuˇ gu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vu² gu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /vu¹¹ ku⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: vu¹ gu³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /vu¹¹ ku⁴⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ù-gó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵³⁻²¹ ^(k-)ou²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bû-kò͘
  - Tâi-lô: bû-kòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bu'kox
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bu²⁴⁻²² kɔ²¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bu¹³⁻²² kɔ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bu²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bho⁵ gu³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bô kù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ku²¹³/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	無	故
Reading #	1/3	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wú	gù
Middle Chinese	‹ mju ›	‹ ku^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ma/	/*kˁa(ʔ)-s/
English	not have	fact; reason
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

無故