無窮

See also: 无穷

Chinese

		not have	exhausted; poor
trad. (無窮)		無	窮
simp. (无穷)		无	穷
anagram		窮無／穷无

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wúqióng

  (Zhuyin): ㄨˊ ㄑㄩㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴ kung⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bû-kiông
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶wu-jion

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wúqióng
    • Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄑㄩㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wúcyóng
    • Wade–Giles: wu²-chʻiung²
    • Yale: wú-chyúng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuchyong
    • Palladius: уцюн (ucjun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: mou⁴ kung⁴
    • Yale: mòuh kùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴ kung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴ kung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹ kʰʊŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bû-kiông
    • Tâi-lô: bû-kiông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bu'kioong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bu²⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bu²⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bu¹³⁻²² kiɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bu²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bu²³⁻³³ kiɔŋ²³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶wu-jion
    • MiniDict: wu^去 jion
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhu-jjion
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²² d͡ʑioŋ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: mju gjuwng

Rime
Character	無	窮
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	武夫切	渠弓切
Baxter	mju	gjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨo/	/ɡɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mio/	/ɡiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/mio/	/ɡiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muə̆/	/guwŋ/
Li Rong	/mio/	/ɡiuŋ/
Wang Li	/mĭu/	/ɡĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯u/	/gi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wú	qióng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou4	kung4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ma  m-[ɡ](r)uŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ma  ɡuŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	無	窮
Reading #	1/3	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wú	qióng
Middle Chinese	‹ mju ›	‹ gjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*ma/	/*m-[ɡ](r)uŋ/
English	not have	exhaust
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	無	窮
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13117	4145
Phonetic component	無	躬
Rime group	魚	終
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	無	窮
Old Chinese	/*ma/	/*ɡuŋ/

Verb

無窮

1. to be endless; to be boundless; to be inexhaustible

   奧妙無窮／奥妙无穷  ―  àomiào wúqióng  ―  to be inexhaustibly profound

   道理無窮，學者先要不得有自足心。 [MSC, trad.]
   道理无穷，学者先要不得有自足心。 [MSC, simp.]

   Dàolǐ wúqióng, xuézhě xiān yàobudé yǒu zìzú xīn. [Pinyin]

   Truth is infinite; a scholar cannot afford to have a complacent attitude.

Noun

無窮

1. infinity

Derived terms

• 其味無窮／其味无穷
• 其樂無窮／其乐无穷 (qílèwúqióng)
• 力大無窮／力大无穷
• 受益無窮／受益无穷
• 回味無窮／回味无穷 (huíwèiwúqióng)
• 妙用無窮／妙用无穷
• 後患無窮／后患无穷 (hòuhuànwúqióng)
• 永世無窮／永世无穷
• 永永無窮／永永无穷
• 無盡無窮／无尽无穷
• 無窮無盡／无穷无尽 (wúqióngwújìn)
• 無窮級數／无穷级数 (wúqióng jíshù)
• 無窮花／无穷花 (wúqiónghuā)
• 玄妙無窮／玄妙无穷
• 變化無窮／变化无穷
• 餘味無窮／余味无穷

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (無窮):

• → Japanese: 無(む)窮(きゅう) (mukyū)
• → Korean: 무궁(無窮) (mugung)
• → Vietnamese: vô cùng (無窮)

See also

• 無限／无限 (wúxiàn)
• 無盡／无尽 (wújìn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
無	窮
む Grade: 4	きゅう Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mɯ̟kʲɨː]

Noun

無(む)窮(きゅう) • (mukyū) 

1. infinity

Korean

Hanja in this term
無	窮

Noun

無窮 • (mugung) (hangeul 무궁)

1. hanja form^? of 무궁 (“infinity”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
無	窮

Adjective

無窮

1. chữ Hán form of vô cùng (“endless; infinity”).

Adverb

無窮

1. chữ Hán form of vô cùng (“ultimately”).

Noun

無窮

1. chữ Hán form of vô cùng (“infinity”).