See also:
U+7AAE, 窮
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AAE

[U+7AAD]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7AAF]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 116, +10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 十金竹竹弓 (JCHHN), four-corner 30227, composition )

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 867, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25593
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2737, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+7AAE

Chinese edit

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin edit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡuŋ): semantic (cave; nest; confinement) + phonetic (OC *kuŋ).

Etymology edit

Possibly a vocalic variant of (OC *ɡoŋ, “distress”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

Pronunciation edit


Note:
  • kiông - literary;
  • kêng, khêng, không - vernacular.
Note:
  • kiong5 - literary;
  • gêng5 - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰyŋ³⁵/
    Harbin /t͡ɕʰyŋ²⁴/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕʰyŋ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /t͡ɕʰyŋ⁴²/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰyuŋ⁴²/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕʰyŋ²⁴/
    Xining /t͡ɕʰyə̃²⁴/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰyŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰỹn⁵³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰyŋ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕʰioŋ²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕʰyoŋ³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕʰioŋ²¹/
    Kunming /t͡ɕʰioŋ¹/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕʰioŋ²⁴/
    Hefei /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰyəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕʰyŋ¹³/
    /t͡ɕyŋ¹³/ ~人
    Hohhot /t͡ɕʰỹŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /d͡ʑioŋ²³/
    Suzhou /d͡ʑioŋ¹³/
    Hangzhou /d͡ʑioŋ²¹³/
    Wenzhou /d͡ʑoŋ³¹/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰyʌ̃⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕioŋ¹³/
    Xiangtan /d͡ʑin¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiuŋ²⁴/
    Hakka Meixian /kʰiuŋ¹¹/
    Taoyuan /kʰioŋ¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰoŋ²¹/
    Nanning /kʰuŋ²¹/
    Hong Kong /kʰuŋ²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kiɔŋ³⁵/
    /kiŋ³⁵/
    /kʰiŋ³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kyŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kœyŋ²¹/ 無~
    /kœyŋ³³/ ~沒
    Shantou (Teochew) /kʰioŋ⁵⁵/
    /keŋ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /xiɔŋ³¹/
    /kiaŋ³¹/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (30)
    Final () (2)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter gjuwng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɡɨuŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɡiuŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɡiuŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /guwŋ/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɡiuŋ/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɡĭuŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /gi̯uŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    qióng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    kung4
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    qióng qióng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ gjuwng › ‹ gjuwng ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[ɡ](r)uŋ/ /*m-[ɡ](r)uŋ/
    English poor exhaust

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4145
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɡuŋ/

    Definitions edit

    1. to exhaust
      兵黷武兵黩武  ―  qióngbīngdúwǔ  ―  to go all in with wars
    2. to thoroughly investigate
      根究底根究底  ―  qiónggēnjiūdǐ  ―  to dig into the very roots of the matter
    3. to be in the wrong and unable to argue further
    4. to be in dire straits; to suffer from lack of opportunity, support, etc.
      Antonym:
    5. poor; destitute; impoverished
      Antonym: ()
        ―  pínqióng  ―  lacking; suffering from want
        ―  rén qióng zhì bù qióng  ―  poor in money but not in aspiration
    6. to be exhausted; to be used up
      無盡无尽  ―  qióngwújìn  ―  to be inexhaustible
      理屈詞理屈词  ―  lǐqūcíqióng  ―  unable to argue any further; having no more excuses
    7. remote; out-of-the-way
      鄉僻壤乡僻壤  ―  qióngxiāngpìrǎng  ―  remote and backwater place
    8. extremely
      凶極惡凶极恶  ―  qióngxiōngjí'è  ―  extremely ferocious and evil
    9. thoroughly
        ―  qióngjiū  ―  to dig deep into something
      追猛打追猛打  ―  qióngzhuīměngdǎ  ―  hotly pursue and fiercely attack
    10. excessively; inappropriately attentive to details; snobbishly; frivolously
      講究讲究  ―  qióng jiǎngjiū  ―  to be too fine in tastes; to be a snob
    11. 69th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "exhaustion, tiredness" (𝍊)
    12. (Northern Wu) very; quite
      [Suzhounese]  ―  2jion 6dou [Wugniu]  ―  very big
      讀書用功 [Suzhounese, trad.]
      读书用功 [Suzhounese, simp.]
      1li 8doq-syu1 2jion 2yon6-kon1 [Wugniu]
      He studies very studiously.
    13. name of an ancient state
      Synonym: 有窮有穷 (Yǒuqióng)

    Usage notes edit

    • (very): In Suzhounese, younger speakers tend to use this in place of .

    Synonyms edit

    • (poor):
    • (very):

    Compounds edit

    Further reading edit

    Japanese edit

    See also 窮する

    Kanji edit

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings edit

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 다할 (dahal gung))

    1. Hanja form? of (poor, destitute, impoverished).

    (eumhun 궁할 (gunghal gung))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Nôm readings: cùng, khùng, còng, càng

    Readings edit

    : Hán Việt readings: khùng
    : Nôm readings: cùng, khùng, còng, càng

    Etymology 1 edit

    Adjective edit

    (khùng)

    1. crazy

    Etymology 2 edit

    Noun edit

    (càng)

    1. nipper, pincer

    References edit