琥珀

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (琥珀)		琥	珀
simp. #(琥珀)		琥	珀
alternative forms		虎魄 虎珀 琥魄

Etymology

Probably borrowed from a language in Central Asia during the Han Dynasty; compare Middle Persian khlpʾd (kah-rubāy, “amber”).

The Book of Han:

出封牛、水牛、象、大狗、沐猴、孔爵、珠璣、珊瑚、虎魄、璧流離。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

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出封牛、水牛、象、大狗、沐猴、孔爵、珠玑、珊瑚、虎魄、璧流离。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

Chū fēngniú, shuǐniú, xiàng, dàgǒu, mùhóu, kǒngjué, zhūjī, shānhú, hǔpò, bìliúlí. [Pinyin]

(The country of Jibin in the Western Regions) produces bison, buffalo, elephants, big dogs (kuchis?), macaques, peacocks, jewels, corals, ambers and cat's eyes.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hǔpò

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˇ ㄆㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu² paak³
• Gan (Wiktionary): 'fu³ pet⁶
• Eastern Min (BUC): hū-páe̤k
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hó͘-phek / hó͘-phiak

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hǔpò
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˇ ㄆㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hǔpò
    • Wade–Giles: hu³-pʻo⁴
    • Yale: hǔ-pwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huupoh
    • Palladius: хупо (xupo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fu² paak³
    • Yale: fú paak
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu² paak⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu² pag³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵ pʰaːk̚³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: 'fu³ pet⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈfu²¹³⁻¹³ pʰɛt̚⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hū-páe̤k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³³⁻⁵⁵ ^(pʰ-)βɔyʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hó͘-phek
    • Tâi-lô: hóo-phik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hofpheg
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /hɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰiɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰiɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hó͘-phiak
    • Tâi-lô: hóo-phiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hofphiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pʰiak̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: xuX phaek

Rime
Character	琥	珀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	陌 (113)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	呼古切	普伯切
Baxter	xuX	phaek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huoX/	/pʰˠæk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/huoX/	/pʰᵚak̚/
Shao Rongfen	/xoX/	/pʰak̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɔX/	/pʰaɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/xoX/	/pʰɐk̚/
Wang Li	/xuX/	/pʰɐk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuoX/	/pʰɐk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hǔ	po
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fu2	pak1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰlaːʔ  pʰraːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	琥	珀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5231	200
Phonetic component	虍	白
Rime group	魚	鐸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	虎	拍
Old Chinese	/*qʰlaːʔ/	/*pʰraːɡ/

Noun

琥珀

1. amber

Derived terms

• 琥珀孫／琥珀孙
• 琥珀抱龍丸／琥珀抱龙丸 (hǔpò bàolóngwán)
• 琥珀拾芥
• 琥珀糖
• 琥珀色 (hǔpòsè)
• 琥珀詞／琥珀词
• 琥珀酸 (hǔpòsuān)
• 琥珀餳／琥珀饧

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (琥珀):

• → Japanese: 琥(こ)珀(はく) (kohaku)
• → Korean: 호박(琥珀) (hobak)
• → Vietnamese: hổ phách (琥珀)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
琥	珀
こ Jinmeiyō	はく Jinmeiyō
kan’on

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こはく [kòhákú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ha̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

琥(こ)珀(はく) • (kohaku) ^{←こはく (kofaku)?}

1. amber (fossil resin)

Derived terms

• 琥(こ)珀(はく)色(いろ) (kohakuiro)
• 琥(こ)珀(はく)織(お)り (kohakuori)
• 琥(こ)珀(はく)酸(さん) (kohakusan)
• 琥(こ)珀(はく)縞(じま) (kohakujima)
• 琥(こ)珀(はく)糖(とう) (kohakutō)

Korean

Hanja in this term
琥	珀

Noun

琥珀 • (hobak) (hangeul 호박)

1. Hanja form^? of 호박 (“amber”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
琥	珀

Noun

琥珀

1. chữ Hán form of hổ phách (“amber”).