虎
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TranslingualEdit
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Han characterEdit
虎 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+2, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜心竹弓 (YPHN) or 卜心竹山 (YPHU), four-corner 21217, composition ⿸虍儿(JKT) or ⿸虍几(GV))
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1073, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32675
- Dae Jaweon: page 1539, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2819, character 2
- Unihan data for U+864E
ChineseEdit
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 虎 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | ||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script |
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 唬 | *qʰraːs, *kʷraːɡ |
| 戲 | *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː |
| 巇 | *qʰra |
| 隵 | *qʰra |
| 嚱 | *qʰras |
| 盧 | *b·raː |
| 鑪 | *raː |
| 壚 | *raː |
| 籚 | *raː |
| 蘆 | *raː, *ra |
| 顱 | *b·raː |
| 髗 | *b·raː |
| 鱸 | *raː |
| 攎 | *raː |
| 櫨 | *raː |
| 轤 | *raː |
| 黸 | *raː |
| 獹 | *raː |
| 鸕 | *raː |
| 艫 | *raː |
| 纑 | *raː |
| 瀘 | *raː |
| 瓐 | *raː |
| 爐 | *raː |
| 嚧 | *raː |
| 矑 | *b·raː |
| 罏 | *raː |
| 蠦 | *raː |
| 虜 | *raːʔ |
| 擄 | *raːʔ |
| 艣 | *raːʔ |
| 鐪 | *raːʔ |
| 虖 | *qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa |
| 虍 | *qʰaː |
| 雐 | *qʰʷlaː |
| 虎 | *qʰlaːʔ |
| 琥 | *qʰlaːʔ |
| 萀 | *qʰlaːʔ |
| 臚 | *b·ra |
| 廬 | *ra |
| 驢 | *b·ra |
| 藘 | *ra |
| 爈 | *ra, *ras |
| 櫖 | *ra, *ras |
| 儢 | *raʔ |
| 慮 | *ras |
| 勴 | *ras |
| 鑢 | *ras |
| 濾 | *ras |
| 攄 | *r̥ʰa |
| 處 | *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas |
| 豦 | *kas, *ɡa |
| 據 | *kas |
| 鐻 | *kas, *ɡa, *ɡaʔ |
| 澽 | *kas, *ɡas |
| 虛 | *kʰa, *qʰa |
| 墟 | *kʰa |
| 懅 | *ɡa |
| 蘧 | *ɡa, *ɡʷa |
| 籧 | *ɡa |
| 醵 | *ɡa, *ɡas, *ɡaɡ |
| 璩 | *ɡa |
| 虡 | *ɡaʔ |
| 遽 | *ɡas |
| 勮 | *ɡas |
| 噓 | *qʰa, *qʰas |
| 驉 | *qʰa |
| 歔 | *qʰa |
| 魖 | *qʰa |
| 膚 | *pla |
| 虧 | *kʰʷral |
| 噱 | *ɡaɡ |
| 臄 | *ɡaɡ |
| 劇 | *ɡaɡ |
| 諕 | *qʰʷraːɡ |
Pictogram (象形). 虍 represents the tiger's head. The torso has disappeared and the legs and the tail have transformed into 人 in the small seal script and later 儿 in the clerical script.
Etymology 1Edit
| trad. | 虎 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 虎 | |
| alternative forms | ||
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-la (“tiger”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *klaʔ (“tiger”). Cognate with 菟 (OC *daː) in 於菟 (OC *qa daː, “tiger”). Compare Vietnamese khái ("tiger").
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
虎
- tiger
- 老虎 ― lǎohǔ ― tiger
- (figurative) brave; fierce
- a surname
- (Northeastern Mandarin, derogatory) overbold; stupid
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
| trad. | 虎 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 虎 | |
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
虎
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
| trad. | 虎 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 虎 | |
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
虎
- Only used in 虎不拉 (hùbulǎ).
ReferencesEdit
- “Entry #4498”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
EtymologyEdit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 虎 |
| とら Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese to1ra.[1][2]
Pellard (2013:92) includes to1ra among words with o1 excepted from the /-o-/ to /-u-/ vowel-raising rule and not originating from earlier diphthongs. According to Vovin (2021:111), West Old Japanese *to1ra, instead of expected *tura, is "anomalous" and possibly "a case of a sporadic analogical development".[3]
Vovin (2013) asserts this word is same as a Silla place name 刀良 (/*tora/).[4]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- a tiger (The mammal Panthera tigris)
Usage notesEdit
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as トラ.
Derived termsEdit
- 牡虎 (osutora): a male tiger
- 雌虎 (mesutora): a female tiger
- 虎燕拳 (koenken)
- 虎穴 (koketsu)
- 虎口 (kokō)
- 虎視眈々 (koshitantan)
- 虎狼 (korō)
- 虎魚 (okoze)
- 虎巻 (torakan)
- 虎刈り (toragari)
- 虎狩り (toragari)
- 虎猫 (toraneko)
- 虎髭 (torahige)
- 虎鬚 (torahige)
- 虎斑 (torafu)
- 虎河豚 (torafugu)
- 大虎 (ōdora)
- 小虎 (kodora)
- 暴虎馮河 (bōkohyōga)
- 猛虎 (mōko)
- 虎落 (mogari)
- 虎落笛 (mogaribue)
- 竜虎 (ryūko), 竜虎 (ryōko)
- 竜攘虎搏 (ryūjōkohaku)
- 両虎 (ryōko)
- 虎に成る (tora ni naru)
- 寅 (tora)
ReferencesEdit
- ^ National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (2020), “Old Japanese twora”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese[1]
- ^ Thomas Pellard. Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013, 9781575866383. ffhal01289288
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2021), “Names of Large Exotic Animals and the Urheimat of Japonic”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics, issue 3, pages 105-120
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2013), “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics[2] (PDF), volume 15, issue 2, John Benjamins Publishing Company, , pages 222-240
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 虎 (MC huoX). Recorded as Middle Korean 호〯 (hwǒ) (Yale: hwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
OkinawanEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
EtymologyEdit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 虎 |
| とぅら Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
Cognate with Japanese 虎 (tora, “tiger”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “とぅら【虎】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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