Wiktionary

出

See also: 岀 and 齣
出 U+51FA, 出
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51FA
← 凹
[U+51F9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 击 →
[U+51FB]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

出 (Kangxi radical 17, 凵+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 山山 (UU), four-corner 22772, composition ⿱屮凵 or ⿻凵山)

Derived charactersEdit

Related charactersEdit

  • 岀 (U+5C80, Unorthodox variant)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 135, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1811
  • Dae Jaweon: page 301, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 307, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+51FA

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 出

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 出
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (出) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
聉 *r̥ʰuːlʔ, *ŋrɯd, *ʔr'uːd, *ŋruːd
贅 *kljods
祟 *sqʰluds
出 *kʰljuds, *kʰljud
茁 *ʔl'ɯd, *skruːd, *skrod, *skrud
欪 *qʰlɯd, *l̥ʰud
貀 *ŋr'uːd
袦 *ŋr'oːd
咄 *ʔl'oːd, *ʔl'uːd
柮 *sɡloːd, *ʔl'uːd
拙 *kljod
炪 *kljod, *l̥ʰud
掘 *ɡlod, *ɡlud
鈯 *l'uːd
啒 *kluːd, *qʰluːd
淈 *kluːd, *ɡluːd
窟 *kʰluːd
泏 *kʰluːd, *ʔl'ud
堀 *kʰluːd, *ɡlud
胐 *kʰluːd
窋 *ʔl'ud
絀 *ʔl'ud
黜 *l̥ʰud
屈 *klud, *kʰlud
趉 *klud
鶌 *klud
詘 *kʰlud
倔 *ɡlud
崛 *ɡlud, *ŋɡlud

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 止 (“foot”) + 凵 (“cave”) – to step out of a cave; to exit. Compare 各.

By the Qin dynasty, the character has lost its original shape. Based on the distorted form, Shuowen mistakenly interprets the character as a pictogram (象形) of a plant growing outwards.

Etymology 1Edit

The Chinese term may be tentatively comparable to Burmese ထွက် (htwak, “to go or come out; to produce or yield; to leave”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-twak (“to come or go out; to emerge”); the -t final may be particular to Chinese. This term may have been conflated with a descendant from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-(t/d)u (“nephew; descendant”) – whence the Burmese တူ (tu, “nephew”) – a sense no longer productive but was mentioned in the glossary book Erya, c. 2nd century BCE. (STEDT)

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • cug4 - literary;
  • cuh4 - vernacular (dialectal).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 出
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁴⁴/
    /ʈ͡ʂʰu²⁴/ ～去
    Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹/
    /t͡sʰu²¹/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹³/
    Qingdao /tʃʰu⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰu²⁴/
    Xi'an /p͡fʰu²¹/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰv̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰu¹³/
    Lanzhou /p͡fʰu¹³/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡sʰu³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡sʰu²¹/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰu³¹/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰuʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰuəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰuəʔ²/
    Pingyao /t͡sʰuʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡sʰuəʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
    /t͡sʰz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰyʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /t͡sʰə⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɨʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰut̚¹/
    Taoyuan /tʃʰut̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰøt̚⁵/
    Nanning /t͡sʰyt̚⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /t͡sʰøt̚⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰut̚³²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰouʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰy²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰuk̚²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /sut̚⁵/
    Rime
    Character 出 出
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 昌 (24) 昌 (24)
    Final (韻) 脂 (16) 諄 (52)
    Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed Closed
    Division (等) III III
    Fanqie 尺類切 赤律切
    Baxter tsyhwijH tsyhwit
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡ɕʰiuɪH/ /t͡ɕʰiuɪt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡ɕʰʷiH/ /t͡ɕʰʷit̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡ɕʰjuɪH/ /t͡ɕʰjuet̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/cʰwiH/ /cʰwit̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡ɕʰuiH/ /t͡ɕʰiuĕt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡ɕʰwiH/ /t͡ɕʰĭuĕt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡ɕʰwiH/ /t͡ɕʰi̯uĕt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		chuì chu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		ceoi3 ceot1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 出 出
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		chū chuì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tsyhwit › ‹ tsyhwijH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*t-kʰut/ /*t-kʰut-s/
    English go or come out bring or take out

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 出 出
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 1545 1578
    Phonetic
    component         		出 出
    Rime
    group         		隊 物
    Rime
    subdivision         		3 2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		出 出
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰljuds/ /*kʰljud/

    DefinitionsEdit

    出

    1. to go out; to leave; to exit
      Antonym: 入 (rù)
      出來／出来  ―  chūlái  ―  to come out
      出國／出国  ―  chūguó  ―  to leave one's country
    2. to appear
      水落石出  ―  shuǐluòshíchū  ―  the truth is revealed (literally, “the water recedes and the rocks appear”)
      語出《論語·雍也》／语出《论语·雍也》  ―  yǔ chū “Lùnyǔ Yōngyě”  ―  It is from Yong Ye of the Analects.
    3. to come; to arrive
      出席  ―  chūxí  ―  to attend
    4. to send out; to put forth
      出題目／出题目  ―  chū tímù  ―  to set questions
      你出錢，我出力。／你出钱，我出力。  ―  Nǐ chūqián, wǒ chūlì.  ―  You contribute money and I contribute my strength.
      我給他出了個好主意。 [MSC, trad.]
      我给他出了个好主意。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ gěi tā chū le ge hǎo zhǔyì. [Pinyin]
      I came up with a good idea for him.
    5. to exceed
      球出界了。  ―  Qiú chūjiè le.  ―  The ball went out-of-bounds.
      不出一年  ―  bù chū yī nián  ―  within one year
    6. to produce; to turn out
      出煤  ―  chū méi  ―  to produce coal
      他們學校出了個高考狀元。 [MSC, trad.]
      他们学校出了个高考状元。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tāmen xuéxiào chū le ge gāokǎo zhuàngyuán. [Pinyin]
      Their school produced a gaokao top scorer.
    7. to happen; to arise
      出問題／出问题  ―  chū wèntí  ―  to have a problem
      出大事了！  ―  Chū dàshì le!  ―  Something big happened!
    8. to vent
      出芽  ―  chūyá  ―  to sprout
      出汗  ―  chūhàn  ―  to sweat
      出水痘  ―  chū shuǐdòu  ―  to have chickenpox
    9. (ergative) to publish; to be released (e.g. a product, film, or announcement)
      這本書是哪家出版社出的？ [MSC, trad.]
      这本书是哪家出版社出的？ [MSC, simp.]
      Zhè běn shū shì nǎ jiā chūbǎnshè chū de? [Pinyin]
      Which publisher published this book?
      Windows 10已經出咗一年 [Cantonese, trad.]
      Windows 10已经出咗一年 [Cantonese, simp.]
      Windows 10 ji5 ging1 ceot1 zo2 jat1 nin4 [Jyutping]
      Windows 10 has already been out for a year
    10. to expend
      量入為出／量入为出  ―  liàngrùwéichū  ―  to budget one’s expenses according to one’s income
    11. Particle placed after verbs to indicate an outward movement.
      拿出你的身份證／拿出你的身份证  ―  náchū nǐ de shēnfènzhèng  ―  take out your ID card
      走出香港  ―  zǒuchū Xiānggǎng  ―  to come out of Hong Kong
    12. Particle placed after verbs to indicate a completed action. to determine
      想不出辦法／想不出办法  ―  xiǎng bù chū bànfǎ  ―  cannot come up with solutions
      睇唔出有咩分別（問題） [Cantonese, trad.]
      睇唔出有咩分别（问题） [Cantonese, simp.]
      tai2 m4 ceot1 jau5 me1 fan1 bit6 (man6 tai4) [Jyutping]
      don't see any difference (problem)
      食唔出咩味道 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
      sik6 m4 ceot1 me1 mei6 dou3 [Jyutping]
      doesn't have any flavor

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 出

    Etymology 2Edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of 出 – see 齣 (“act; stanza; time, occasion; etc.”).
    (This character, 出, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 齣.)
    Notes:

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    出

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    出
    で
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    The 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 出(で)る (deru, “to come out”).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    出(で) • (de) 

    1. the process of something coming out
    2. something that comes out

    Derived termsEdit

    Derived terms

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    出
    しゅつ
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 出 (MC t͡ɕʰiuɪt̚, “to go or come out”).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    出(しゅつ) • (shutsu) 

    1. being from a certain place
    2. coming out

    Derived termsEdit

    Derived terms

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    出
    ず
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    Contraction of verb 出ず (izu, “to go or come out”, obsolete)

    VerbEdit

    出(ず) • (zu) ←づ (du)?†nidan

    1. (obsolete) to go or come out

    Usage notesEdit

    The 出る (deru) form is now the standard term for this in modern Japanese.

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    From Middle Chinese 出 (MC t͡ɕʰiuɪt̚).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 튫〮 (Yale: {{{2}}}), 츓〮 (Yale: chyúlq), ᄎᆏᆼ〮 (Yale: {{{2}}})
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 날 (Yale: {{{2}}}) 츌 (Yale: chyul)
    Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 날 (Yale: {{{2}}}) 츌 (Yale: chyul)
    Seokbong Cheonjamun, 1583 날 (Yale: {{{2}}}) 츌 (Yale: chyul)

    PronunciationEdit

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    出 (eumhun 날 출 (nal chul))

    1. Hanja form? of 출 (“to come out; to go out”).
    CompoundsEdit
    Compounds

    Etymology 2Edit

    From Middle Chinese 出 / 齣.

    PronunciationEdit

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    出 (eumhun 단락 척 (dallak cheok))

    1. Alternative form of 齣 (“Hanja form? of 척 (“act, scene, as of a play or movie”).”)

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    出: Hán Nôm readings: xuất, xúy/xuý

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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