鐸

TranslingualEdit

Traditional	鐸
Shinjitai (extended)	鈬
Simplified	铎

Han characterEdit

鐸 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+13, 21 strokes, cangjie input 金田中十 (CWLJ), four-corner 8614₁, composition ⿰釒睪)

Derived charactersEdit

𮇁

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1324, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40951
Dae Jaweon: page 1825, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4264, character 1
Unihan data for U+9438

ChineseEdit

trad.		鐸
simp.		铎

Wikipedia has an article on:

鐸

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (睪) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
斁	ʔl'aːɡs, l'aːɡs, *laːɡ
籜	*l̥ʰaːɡ
蘀	*l̥ʰaːɡ
鐸	*l'aːɡ
凙	*l'aːɡ
襗	l'aːɡ, rlaːɡ, *laːɡ
擇	*rlaːɡ
澤	*rlaːɡ
鸅	*rlaːɡ
蠌	*rlaːɡ
檡	rlaːɡ, hljaɡ
釋	*hljaɡ
繹	*laːɡ
睪	neb, laːɡ, *kuː
譯	*laːɡ
嶧	*laːɡ
懌	*laːɡ
驛	*laːɡ
醳	*laːɡ
圛	*laːɡ
墿	*laːɡ
燡	*laːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'aːɡ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): duó (duo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dok⁶
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): tog⁶
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): to̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): dag⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: duó
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: duó
  - Wade–Giles: to²
  - Yale: dwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwo
  - Palladius: до (do)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /twɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dok⁶
  - Yale: dohk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dok⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dog⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔːk̚²/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tog⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰɔk̚⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to̍k
  - Tâi-lô: to̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dag⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ta̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tak̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: /dɑk̚/

Rime
Character	鐸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	唐 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒落切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dak̚/
Li Rong	/dɑk̚/
Wang Li	/dɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	duó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dok⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤak/

(Zhengzhang): /*l'aːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鐸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	duó
Middle Chinese	‹ dak ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁak/
English	a kind of bell
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鐸
Reading #	1/1
No.	15125
Phonetic component	睪
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	鐸
Old Chinese	/*l'aːɡ/

DefinitionsEdit

鐸

a type of bell
a surname

CompoundsEdit

司鐸／司铎 (sīduó)
振鐸／振铎
晉鐸／晋铎 (jìnduó)

ReferencesEdit

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04356
“鐸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

JapaneseEdit

Shinjitai	鈬
Kyūjitai	鐸

KanjiEdit

鐸

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 鈬)

a bell used for signaling
wind chime

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: だく (daku)
Kan-on: たく (taku)
Kun: おおすず (ōsuzu, 鐸)^{←おほすず (ofosuzu, historical)}; さなき (sanaki, 鐸); すず (suzu, 鐸); ぬて (nute, 鐸); ぬりて (nurite, 鐸)

CompoundsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
鐸
ぬりて Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Of unknown derivation. Listed in dictionaries as a compound of two parts, ぬり (nuri, of unknown meaning) +‎ て (te, also with no meaning given; possibly 手 (te, “hand”)?).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

First cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720.^[1]

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): [nɯ̟ᵝɾʲite̞]

NounEdit

鐸(ぬりて) • (nurite)

[from 720] (historical) an ancient bell with a long handle used for signalling
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (page 20)
  鈴鐸上須受下達洛反 奴利天
  鈴 / 鐸 | former: <suzu> / latter: spelled 達 + 洛 (= daku) in fanqie, <nurite>

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
鐸
ぬて Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Derivation unknown. Appears to be related to the nurite pronunciation.

First cited in the Kojiki of 712.^[1]^[2]

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): [nɯ̟ᵝte̞]

NounEdit

鐸(ぬて) • (nute)

[from 712] (historical) an ancient bell with a long handle used for signalling

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
鐸
さなき Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Appears to be a compound of さ (sa, uncertain, possibly “little, small, petty”?) +‎ 鳴き (naki, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 鳴(な)く (naku, “to make a sound”)).^[1]

First cited to a text from 807.^[1]

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): [sa̠na̠kʲi]

NounEdit

鐸(さなき) • (sanaki)

[from 807] (historical) an ancient large iron bell used in rituals

Etymology 4Edit

Kanji in this term
鐸
たく Hyōgaiji
kan’on

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 鐸 (MC dɑk̚). First cited to a text from 1688.^[1]

PronunciationEdit

(Tokyo) たく [táꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]^[5]
IPA^(key): [ta̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

NounEdit

鐸(たく) • (taku)

[from 1688] a large bell made of copper or bronze with a long handle on the top to grab and ring

Etymology 5Edit

Kanji in this term
鐸
すず Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 鐸 – see the following entry.

【鈴すず】S

[noun] [from 712] a bell, chime

[noun] [from 759] (historical) Synonym of 駅鈴 (ekirei): station bells issued to 駅使 (ekishi)

[noun] [from 720] 鐸: a large wind chime, a hanging bell with a clapper

[proper noun] a female given name

[proper noun] a surname

(This term, 鐸, is an alternative (wind chime) spelling of the above term.)

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 “鈴・鐸”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 “鐸”, in デジタル大辞泉 (Dejitaru Daijisen)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ 1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Unknown (794), Yoshinori Kobayashi, editor, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (Kojisho Ongi Shūsei) (in Japanese), volume 1, Kyūko Shoin, published 1978, →ISBN.

KoreanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese 鐸 (MC dɑk̚).

PronunciationEdit

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [tʰa̠k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [탁]

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

鐸

Wikisource

鐸 (eumhun 방울 탁 (bang'ul tak))

Hanja form^? of 탁 (“bell”).

CompoundsEdit

탁뇨 (鐸鐃, tangnyo)
탁령 (鐸鈴, tangnyeong)

ReferencesEdit

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

鐸: Hán Nôm readings: đạc, đác

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[KDJ2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 “鈴・鐸”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN

[DDJS-2] 2.0 ^2.1 “鐸”, in デジタル大辞泉 (Dejitaru Daijisen)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[DJR-3] 3.0 ^3.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[K-4] 1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

[NHK-5] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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