突厥

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (突厥)		突	厥
simp. #(突厥)		突	厥

Etymology

Ultimately from a form which also gave rise to the name Türk (cf. Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰚 (Türk), 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (Türük)), but the phonetics are difficult to reconcile.

It has been suggested that this is a transcription of Rouran *Türküt, a plural of the Mongolic type, composed of Türk + *-üt (Mongolic plural suffix, compare Khalkha Mongolian -үүд (-üüd)) (Pelliot, 1915). Pulleyblank (1965) proposed that this is a direct transcription of Türk.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Tūjué, Tújué

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ, ㄊㄨˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dat⁶ kyut³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Tūjué
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tujyué
    • Wade–Giles: tʻu¹-chüeh²
    • Yale: tū-jywé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tujyue
    • Palladius: туцзюэ (tuczjue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Tújué
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tújyué
    • Wade–Giles: tʻu²-chüeh²
    • Yale: tú-jywé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twujyue
    • Palladius: туцзюэ (tuczjue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: dat⁶ kyut³
    • Yale: daht kyut
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dat⁹ kyt⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: ded⁶ küd³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐt̚² kʰyːt̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: thwot kjut

Rime
Character	突	厥
Reading #	2/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	魂 (56)	文 (60)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	他骨切	九勿切
Baxter	thwot	kjut
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuət̚/	/kɨut̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuot̚/	/kiut̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰuət̚/	/kiuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰwət̚/	/kut̚/
Li Rong	/tʰuət̚/	/kiuət̚/
Wang Li	/tʰuət̚/	/kĭuət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰuət̚/	/ki̯uət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tu	ju
Expected Cantonese Reflex	teot1	gwat1

Proper noun

突厥

1. (historical) Göktürks

   • 突厥之先，平涼雜胡也，姓阿史那氏。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     突厥之先，平凉杂胡也，姓阿史那氏。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Sui, 636 CE

     Tūjué zhī xiān, Píngliáng záhú yě, xìng Āshǐnà shì. [Pinyin]

     The Tujue's ancestors were assorted barbarians from Pingliang, surnamed Ashina.

2. Turk (collective name for various Turkic ethnic groups)

Derived terms

• 沙陀突厥 (Shātuó tūjué)
• 突厥主義／突厥主义 (tūjué zhǔyì)
• 突厥人 (tūjuérén)
• 突厥化 (tūjuéhuà)
• 突厥文
• 突厥斯坦 (tūjuésītǎn)
• 突厥語／突厥语 (tūjuéyǔ)
• 突厥語族／突厥语族 (tūjué yǔzú)
• 突厥語系／突厥语系 (tūjué yǔxì)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (突厥):

• → Japanese: 突厥(とっけつ) (Tokketsu)
• → Korean: 돌궐(突厥) (Dolgwol)
• → Vietnamese: Đột Quyết (突厥)

Further reading

• Lee, Joo-Yup (2016) “The Historical Meaning of the Term Turk and the Nature of the Turkic Identity of the Chinggisid and Timurid Elites in Post-Mongol Central Asia”, in Central Asiatic Journal‎^[1], volume 59, numbers 1–2, →DOI, pages 101–32

Japanese

Kanji in this term
突	厥
とつ > とっ Grade: S	けつ Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
突厥 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [to̞k̚ke̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Proper noun

突(とっ)厥(けつ) • (Tokketsu) 

1. the Turks
2. Mongolia

Derived terms

• 突(とっ)厥(けつ)文(も)字(じ) (Tokketsu moji)

Korean

Hanja in this term
突	厥

Proper noun

突厥 • (Dolgwol) (hangeul 돌궐)

1. Hanja form^? of 돌궐 (“Turk; Göktürk”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
突	厥

Proper noun

突厥

1. chữ Hán form of Đột Quyết (“Turk; Göktürk”).