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Translingual
editStroke order | |||
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Han character
edit氏 (Kangxi radical 83, 氏+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹女心 (HVP), four-corner 72740, composition ⿸⿱丿𠄌𫠠)
- Kangxi radical #83, ⽒.
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №449
Derived characters
edit- Appendix:Chinese radical/氏
- 坁, 㞴, 忯, 扺, 汦, 㹝, 祇, 眂, 秖, 衹, 䉻, 紙(纸), 舐, 蚔, 觗, 䟗, 軝(𬨂), 䲬
- 赿, 䲭, 帋, 昏, 芪, 㡳, 疧
- See also 氐#Derived characters
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 597, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17026
- Dae Jaweon: page 988, character 30
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2130, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6C0F
Chinese
editsimp. and trad. |
氏 |
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Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 氏 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形). Various interpretations exist: a man bending over to sow the field (see also 氐 > 低 and 昏),[1] the root of a tree (see also 柢),[2] a man bowing over to the right, a stick with a decoration on top to represent a clan, a spoon (according to Guo Moruo and due to similarity to 匕), a mallet, a man holding an object, etc.
On bronze inscriptions, a black dot was added inside the vertical stroke of the character; then, this point turned into a horizontal stroke 一 while the vertical stroke mutated into a curved trait.
Etymology 1
editPronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): si5
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): sī
- Eastern Min (BUC): sê
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: shì
- Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
- Wade–Giles: shih4
- Yale: shr̀
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: si6
- Yale: sih
- Cantonese Pinyin: si6
- Guangdong Romanization: xi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /siː²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: si5
- Sinological IPA (key): /si³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: si5
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ
- Hakka Romanization System: sii
- Hagfa Pinyim: si4
- Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sī
- Sinological IPA (key): /si⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sê
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛi²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐ
- Tâi-lô: sǐ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /si²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sī
- Tâi-lô: sī
- Phofsit Daibuun: si
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /si³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /si²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: si6 / zin1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sĭ / tsiⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /si³⁵/, /t͡sĩ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- si6 - literary;
- zin1 - colloquial.
- Middle Chinese: dzyeX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.deʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡjeʔ/
Definitions
edit氏
- clan; family; lineage; hereditary house
- surname
- person with the surname of ...; Mr.
- (historical) née; born as; maiden name
- suffix to a personal proper noun for attribution (of a work, invention, discovery, etc.)
- 時時冠之,及貴常冠,所謂「劉氏冠」乃是也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Shíshí guàn zhī, jí guì cháng guàn, suǒwèi “Liúshì guān” nǎi shì yě. [Pinyin]
- From time to time [he] would wear (the headdress), and had always kept it on after he arose to prominence. People now refer to the style as "the headdress of Liu".
时时冠之,及贵常冠,所谓「刘氏冠」乃是也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Classical) suffix to a noun that refers to family membership (actual or honorary)
- 伯氏不出而圖吾君,伯氏苟出而圖吾君,申生受賜而死。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Bóshì bù chū ér tú wú jūn, bóshì gǒu chū ér tú wú jūn, Shēnshēng shòu cì ér sǐ. [Pinyin]
- [Y]ou, venerable Sir, do not come forth and consult for the good of our ruler. If you will come forth and do this, I will die having received a great favour from you.
伯氏不出而图吾君,伯氏苟出而图吾君,申生受赐而死。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Usage notes
edit- The meaning of "née" has become obsolete, as current Chinese practice is for all married spouses to continue to use their birth names. Occasionally, a wife may adopt the husband's surname. As a descriptor, 氏 follows the maiden name, which follows the married name — 張氏 (“née Zhang”), 李張氏 (“Li née Zhang”), or 配張氏 (“married to a lady of the Zhang clan”).
See also
edit- (Mr.): 先生 (xiānshēng)
Compounds
edit- 伏犧氏 / 伏牺氏
- 伏羲氏
- 伊耆氏
- 伯氏
- 何氏語林 / 何氏语林
- 伯趙氏 / 伯赵氏
- 保章氏
- 兩氏旁人 / 两氏旁人
- 匠氏
- 南史氏
- 卞氏龍 / 卞氏龙
- 名氏
- 呂氏春秋 / 吕氏春秋 (Lǚshìchūnqiū)
- 和氏
- 周氏 (Zhōushì)
- 和氏璧 (Héshìbì)
- 唐氏症 (Tángshìzhèng)
- 夏后氏 (Xiàhòushì)
- 外氏
- 姓氏 (xìngshì)
- 媒氏
- 左氏春秋
- 巴氏反射
- 巴氏桿菌 / 巴氏杆菌
- 巴氏體 / 巴氏体
- 布氏桿菌 / 布氏杆菌
- 布魯氏菌 / 布鲁氏菌 (bùlǔshìjūn)
- 師氏 / 师氏
- 攝氏 / 摄氏 (Shèshì)
- 散氏盤 / 散氏盘
- 方相氏
- 有巢氏
- 有虞氏
- 柳氏傳 / 柳氏传
- 楊氏係數 / 杨氏系数
- 歐氏管 / 欧氏管 (ōushìguǎn)
- 氏族 (shìzú, “clan”)
- 源氏物語 / 源氏物语 (Yuánshì Wùyǔ)
- 無名氏 / 无名氏 (wúmíngshì)
- 燧人氏
- 玄鳥氏 / 玄鸟氏
- 畢氏定理 / 毕氏定理 (Bì-shì dìnglǐ)
- 百氏
- 神農氏 / 神农氏
- 華氏 / 华氏 (Huáshì)
- 華氏溫標 / 华氏温标
- 董氏封髮 / 董氏封发
- 蘭氏小島 / 兰氏小岛
- 詹氏年鑑 / 詹氏年鉴
- 赫胥氏
- 趙氏孤兒 / 赵氏孤儿
- 鄭氏群虎 / 郑氏群虎
- 釋氏 / 释氏
- 野廬氏 / 野庐氏
- 陶唐氏
- 顏氏家訓 / 颜氏家训
- 馬氏文通 / 马氏文通
- 高氏症
- 高辛氏
- 鮑氏囊 / 鲍氏囊 (bàoshìnáng)
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhī
- Zhuyin: ㄓ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhih
- Wade–Giles: chih1
- Yale: jr̄
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy
- Palladius: чжи (čži)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zi1
- Yale: jī
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi1
- Guangdong Romanization: ji1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̆
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sy⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Middle Chinese: tsye
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kje/
Definitions
edit氏
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in 月氏 (yuèzhī, “Yuezhi”).
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in 閼氏/阏氏 (yānzhī, “wife of a Xiongnu chief”).
Compounds
editEtymology 3
editPronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jīng
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jing
- Wade–Giles: ching1
- Yale: jīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
- Palladius: цзин (czin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: tsjeng
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*skeŋ/
Definitions
edit氏
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Only used in 狋氏 (“name of an ancient county”).
References
editJapanese
editKanji
editReadings
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
氏 |
し Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 氏 (MC dzyeX).
Pronunciation
edit- Pitch accent only applies when used as a standalone noun.
Noun
editSuffix
edit- (honorific) Mr.; Ms.
- 1997 September 1 [1996 October 10], Fujiko F. Fujio, “くたばれ評論家 の巻 [The Drop-Dead Critic]”, in エスパー魔美 [Esper Mami], 4th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 157:
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
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氏 |
うじ Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 氏 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 氏, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
editKorean
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle Chinese 氏 (MC dzyeX). Has unusual tensing, the only other such readings being 雙 (ssang) and 喫 (kkik).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 씽〯 (Yale: ssǐ) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 각시〮 (Yale: kàksí) | 시〮 (Yale: sí) |
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕ͈i]
- Phonetic hangul: [씨]
Hanja
edit氏 (eumhun 성씨(姓氏) 씨 (seongssi ssi))
Compounds
editEtymology 2
editFrom Middle Chinese 氏 (MC tsye).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 징 (Yale: cì) |
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕi]
- Phonetic hangul: [지]
Hanja
edit氏 (eumhun 나라 이름 지 (nara ireum ji))
Compounds
editReferences
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit- chữ Hán form of Thị (“a female middle name”).
- 阮氏B ― Nguyễn Thị B ― Jane Doe
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