姓
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Translingual edit
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order (Japan) | |||
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Han character edit
姓 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女竹手一 (VHQM), four-corner 45410, composition ⿰女生)
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 259, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6178
- Dae Jaweon: page 524, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1037, character 12
- Unihan data for U+59D3
Chinese edit
trad. | 姓 | |
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simp. # | 姓 | |
alternative forms | 𤯕 𤯣 𤯧 𤯬 |
Glyph origin edit
Old Chinese | |
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猜 | *sʰlɯː |
輤 | *sʰleːns |
綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
棈 | *sʰleːns |
蒨 | *sʰeːns |
篟 | *sʰeːns |
生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
牲 | *sreŋ |
笙 | *sreŋ |
甥 | *sreŋ |
鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
珄 | *sreŋ |
鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
狌 | *sreŋ |
眚 | *sreŋʔ |
貹 | *sreŋs |
崝 | *zreːŋ |
精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
清 | *sʰleŋ |
圊 | *sʰleŋ |
請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
凊 | *sʰleŋs |
䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
靚 | *zleŋs |
情 | *zleŋ |
晴 | *zleŋ |
夝 | *zleŋ |
靜 | *zleŋʔ |
靖 | *zleŋʔ |
睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
性 | *sleŋs |
姓 | *sleŋs |
靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
青 | *sʰleːŋ |
靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
胜 | *sleːŋ |
曐 | *sleːŋ |
星 | *sleːŋ |
鮏 | *sleːŋ |
腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
鯹 | *seːŋ |
醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sleŋs) : semantic 女 (“woman; female”) + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).
Etymology edit
Specialised form of 性 (xìng): “human nature; what is inborn” > “surname; clan name”.
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
姓
- surname; family name; clan name
- to have the surname of
- 黃帝者,少典之子,姓公孫,名曰軒轅。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE, translated based on Herbert J. Allen's version
- Huángdì zhě, Shàodiǎn zhī zǐ, xìng Gōngsūn, míng yuē Xuānyuán. [Pinyin]
- The Yellow Emperor (Huangti) was the son of Shaotien; he [was originally] surnamed Kungsun, and his prename (given name at birth) was Hsienyüan.
黄帝者,少典之子,姓公孙,名曰轩辕。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (figurative, often officialese) to belong to; to be classified as
- 我們的研究並非要急著爭論它究竟姓「客」還是姓「粵」,我們更感興趣的是這種混合語究竟是如何形成的。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 2014, 周佳凡 (Zhou Jiafan), 《深圳坪山占米话研究》 (thesis), Xiamen: Xiamen University, page I
- Wǒmen de yánjiū bìngfēi yào jízhe zhēnglùn tā jiūjìng xìng “kè” háishì xìng “yuè”, wǒmen gèng gǎn xìngqù de shì zhè zhǒng hùnhéyǔ jiūjìng shì rúhé xíngchéng de. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
我们的研究并非要急着争论它究竟姓「客」还是姓「粤」,我们更感兴趣的是这种混合语究竟是如何形成的。 [MSC, simp.]- 還有一點值得說的是,黃河「姓黃」,黃河畢竟流經黃土高原,沒有必要追求絕對的清澈。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 2020 November 28, 《以考古之光 照亮文明深处与细节——中国考古与历史主题新书访谈》, in 《光明日报》 [Guangming Daily], →ISSN, page 09
- Háiyǒu yī diǎn zhídé shuō de shì, Huáng Hé “xìng huáng”, Huáng Hé bìjìng liújīng Huángtǔ Gāoyuán, méiyǒu bìyào zhuīqiú juéduì de qīngchè. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
还有一点值得说的是,黄河「姓黄」,黄河毕竟流经黄土高原,没有必要追求绝对的清澈。 [MSC, simp.]
- a surname
Compounds edit
- 一姓
- 上姓 (shàngxìng)
- 九姓
- 二姓
- 五姓
- 五姓蕃
- 他姓
- 仝姓
- 代姓
- 俗姓
- 假名托姓
- 備百姓/备百姓
- 億姓/亿姓
- 允姓
- 兆姓
- 內姓/内姓
- 兩姓/两姓
- 兩姓之好/两姓之好
- 八姓
- 公姓
- 共姓
- 冒姓 (màoxìng)
- 出姓
- 別姓/别姓
- 十姓百名
- 十姓部落
- 千家姓
- 受姓
- 右姓
- 同姓 (tóngxìng)
- 名姓 (míngxìng)
- 合姓
- 吹律定姓
- 命姓
- 單姓/单姓 (dānxìng)
- 四姓
- 四姓小侯
- 國姓/国姓 (guóxìng)
- 國姓爺/国姓爷 (Guóxìngyé)
- 圍姓/围姓
- 土姓
- 士姓
- 外姓 (wàixìng)
- 大姓 (dàxìng)
- 夫姓
- 姓名 (xìngmíng)
- 姓名條例/姓名条例
- 姓名權/姓名权
- 姓名牌 (xìngmíngpái)
- 姓字
- 姓族
- 姓望
- 姓氏 (xìngshì)
- 姓第
- 姓系
- 姓號/姓号
- 子姓
- 字姓
- 宗姓
- 客姓
- 寓姓
- 尊姓 (zūnxìng)
- 尊姓大名 (zūnxìngdàmíng)
- 小姓 (xiǎoxìng)
- 小百姓
- 屬姓/属姓
- 希姓
- 常姓
- 平等百姓
- 平章百姓
- 平頭百姓/平头百姓
- 庶姓
- 強姓/强姓
- 得姓
- 復姓/复姓 (fùxìng)
- 指名道姓 (zhǐmíngdàoxìng)
- 指樹為姓/指树为姓
- 提名道姓
- 揚名顯姓/扬名显姓
- 改名換姓/改名换姓 (gǎimínghuànxìng)
- 改名易姓
- 改姓易代
- 改姓更名
- 改朝換姓/改朝换姓
- 族姓
- 易姓
- 晐姓
- 更名改姓
- 更姓
- 更姓改物
- 有名有姓 (yǒumíngyǒuxìng)
- 望姓
- 本姓
- 東京六姓/东京六姓
- 柳車變姓/柳车变姓
- 正姓
- 氏姓
- 漢姓/汉姓 (hànxìng)
- 甲姓
- 異姓/异姓 (yìxìng)
- 百姓
- 百姓之心
- 百姓公
- 百家姓 (Bǎijiāxìng)
- 萬姓/万姓 (wànxìng)
- 萬姓統譜/万姓统谱
- 稱名道姓/称名道姓
- 種姓/种姓 (zhǒngxìng)
- 素姓
- 緣姓/缘姓
- 群姓
- 老百姓 (lǎobǎixìng)
- 臣姓
- 舊姓/旧姓 (jiùxìng)
- 著姓
- 裔姓
- 複姓/复姓 (fùxìng)
- 覆姓 (fùxìng)
- 記姓名/记姓名
- 詭姓/诡姓
- 諸姓/诸姓
- 變名易姓/变名易姓
- 豪姓
- 貴姓/贵姓 (guìxìng)
- 賤姓/贱姓
- 賜姓/赐姓 (cìxìng)
- 跟官咁耐唔知官姓乜
- 還姓/还姓
- 郡姓
- 都頭異姓/都头异姓
- 重姓
- 闈姓/闱姓
- 隱名埋姓/隐名埋姓
- 隱姓埋名/隐姓埋名 (yǐnxìngmáimíng)
- 雜姓/杂姓
- 革姓
- 頂名冒姓/顶名冒姓
- 題名道姓/题名道姓
- 顯姓/显姓
- 顯姓揚名/显姓扬名
- 風姓/风姓
- 高姓
- 黎民百姓
- 黑姓
- 鼎姓 (dǐngxìng)
Descendants edit
Others:
References edit
- “姓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00909
- “Entry #3781”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
Readings edit
Compounds edit
- 姓氏 (shōji)
- 姓氏 (seishi)
- 姓階制度 (seikaiseido)
- 姓族 (seizoku)
- 姓名 (seimei)
- 五姓 (goshō)
- 四姓 (shishō)
- 素姓, 種姓 (sujō)
- 俗姓 (zokushō)
- 百姓 (hyakushō)
- 異姓 (isei)
- 易姓 (ekisei)
- 改姓 (kaisei)
- 外姓 (gaisei)
- 下姓 (kasei)
- 旧姓 (kyūsei)
- 現姓 (gensei)
- 国姓 (kokusei)
- 三姓 (sansei)
- 四種姓 (shishusei)
- 四姓 (shisei)
- 氏姓 (shisei)
- 賜姓 (shisei)
- 俗姓 (zokusei)
- 他姓 (tasei)
- 同姓 (dōsei)
- 万姓 (bansei)
- 百姓 (hyakusei)
- 複姓 (fukusei)
- 別姓 (bessei)
- 本姓 (honsei)
- 五姓田 (Goseda)
- 百姓 (ōmitakara)
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term |
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姓 |
かばね Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.[1][2]
Ultimate derivation unclear. Some theories derive this as a Japanese compound of 株 (kabu, “stock, root”) + 根 (ne, “root, origin”) or 名 (na, “name”). However, the required /u/ → /a/ sound shift would be unusual.
Another thought is that this might be a borrowing from, or somehow otherwise related to, Korean 골품 (golpum), a Sino-Korean term also spelled 骨品 (literally “bones + goods”), the name for a kind of kinship hierarchy that was prevalent in the Silla kingdom. This latter theory and its related “bone” sense might also account for the homophony with 屍 (kabane, “corpse, dead body”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- a clan
- Synonym: 氏 (uji)
- (historical) a kind of hereditary title bestowed to clans in ancient Japan
Derived terms edit
- 姓書 (kabane-gaki): (historical) someone's full name, written out with the status of their clan appended
- 姓名 (kabane na, “clan name”)
- 八色の姓 (Yakusa no Kabane), 八色の姓 (Hasshiki no Kabane): a specific set of eight kabane titles promulgated by Emperor Tenmu in 675 CE
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
姓 |
せい Grade: S |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 姓 (MC sjengH). The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing. Compare modern Min Nan reading sèⁿ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Derived terms edit
Idioms edit
- 姓を冒す (sei o okasu): to be adopted by a different clan; to take on a different surname
Etymology 3 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
姓 |
しょう Grade: S |
on’yomi |
/siau/ → /ɕjɔː/ → /ɕoː/
From Middle Chinese 姓 (MC sjengH). The goon, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern Hakka reading siang.
This reading is less common than sei above.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 4 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
姓 |
しょう > そう Grade: S |
irregular |
A shift from shō above to use the 直音 (chokuon, “"straight" pronunciation”, dropping out any /j/ or /w/ glides).[1]
This reading is not used in modern Japanese, and is only found in historical texts, such as the Utsubo Monogatari from the late 900s.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
References edit
Further reading edit
- Etymology at Gogen-Allguide (in Japanese)
Korean edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Chinese 姓 (MC sjengH). Recorded as Middle Korean 셔ᇰ (syeng) (Yale: syeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɘ(ː)ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [성(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja edit
姓 (eumhun 성씨 성 (seongssi seong))
- Hanja form? of 성 (“clan; family name”).
Compounds edit
References edit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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