Wiktionary

羌

See also: 羗
羌 U+7F8C, 羌
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F8C
← 羋
[U+7F8B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 羍 →
[U+7F8D]

Translingual

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Han character

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羌 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+2 in traditional Chinese, 羊+1 in simplified Chinese, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese, 7 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 廿土竹山 (TGHU) or 廿手山 (TQU), four-corner 80211, composition ⿸⺶乚(G) or ⿱𦍌儿(HTJK))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 951, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28429
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1393, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3125, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+7F8C

Chinese

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trad. 羌
simp. # 羌
alternative forms
羗
𦍑
猐
𠒌
𡸓
羗
𦍑
猐
𠒌
𡸓
𡹽
𡺛
𦍎
 
 
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Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (羊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
样 *ʔslaːŋ, *laŋ
佯 *zlaŋ, *laŋ
詳 *ljaŋ, *laŋ
洋 *ljaŋ, *laŋ
翔 *ljaŋ
庠 *ljaŋ
祥 *ljaŋ
痒 *ljaŋ, *laŋʔ
姜 *klaŋ
羌 *kʰlaŋ
蜣 *kʰlaŋ
猐 *kʰlaŋ
唴 *kʰlaŋs
羊 *laŋ
徉 *laŋ
烊 *laŋ
蛘 *laŋ, *laŋʔ
眻 *laŋ, *laŋs
鴹 *laŋ
恙 *laŋs
羕 *laŋs
樣 *laŋs
漾 *laŋs

Etymology

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Unclear.

Pulleyblank (1983) suggests a derivation from 羊 (OC *laŋ).

Schuessler (2007) prefers to relate it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-klawŋ (“to guard; to herd; to tend (cattle); to graze; to be at leisure”), whence Tibetan སྐྱོང (skyong, “to guard; to nurture; to keep; to care for”), Asho Chin klóng (“to herd; to graze”), Burmese ကျောင်း (kyaung:, “to feed; to tend (cattle)”); then 羌 means "herders". Compare 養 (OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs, “to raise; to nourish”).

Beckwith (2009) proposes a possible Indo-European origin; compare Tocharian B klank- (“to ride; to go by chariot”).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 羌
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 去羊切
Baxter khjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰɨaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/kʰiaŋ/
Wang
Li 		/kʰĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qiāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hoeng1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 羌
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qiāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khjang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.qʰaŋ/
English western tribes

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 羌
Reading # 1/1
No. 14531
Phonetic
component 		羊
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		羌
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰlaŋ/

Definitions

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羌

  1. (～族, ～人) Qiang people
  2. Name of a historical tribe in ancient China.
  3. muntjac (species of deer)
    山羌  ―  shānqiāng  ―  Reeves's muntjac
  4. (obsolete) Meaningless sentence-initial particle, often used in the Chuci.
  5. a surname

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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羌

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

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  • Go-on: こう (kō)
  • Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
  • Kun: えびす (ebisu, 羌)、あう (au)
  • Nanori: あきら (akira)、すすむ (susumu)

Korean

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Hanja

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羌 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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羌: Hán Nôm readings: cưng, gừng, khương

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