許嫁

Chinese

		to allow; to permit; to praise to allow; to permit; to praise; surname	marry (a husband)
trad. (許嫁)		許	嫁
simp. (许嫁)		许	嫁

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xǔjià

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˇ ㄐㄧㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): heoi² gaa³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xǔjià
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˇ ㄐㄧㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syǔjià
  - Wade–Giles: hsü³-chia⁴
  - Yale: syǔ-jyà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheujiah
  - Palladius: сюйцзя (sjujczja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: heoi² gaa³
  - Yale: héui ga
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoey² gaa³
  - Guangdong Romanization: hêu² ga³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɵy̯³⁵ kaː³³/

Verb

許嫁

(literary) to consent to marry a man

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
許	嫁
いいなずけ
Grade: 5	Grade: S
jukujikun

*/ipinaduke/ → /ifinad͡zuke/ → /iːnazuke/

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 言い名付く (iinazuku), modern 言い名付ける (iinazukeru, “to betroth someone, to engage someone to be married, to take someone as a fiancé / fiancée”, literally “to name someone out loud”).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

The kanji compound is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 許嫁／许嫁 (xǔjià).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いいなずけ [ìínázúké] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [iːna̠zɨke̞]

Noun

許嫁(いいなずけ) or 許嫁(いいなづけ) • (iinazuke) ^{←いひなづけ (ifinaduke)^?}

Alternative spelling of 許婚: (historical) an arranged engagement, wherein both sets of parents promise that their children shall wed; generally arranged while the children are still young
Alternative spelling of 許婚: (rare) a fiancée (female) or fiancé (male)

Synonyms

(fiancé / fiancée): 婚(こん)約(やく)者(しゃ) (kon'yakusha), フィアンセ (fianse) (much more common)

Verb

許嫁(いいなずけ)する or 許嫁(いいなづけ)する • (iinazuke suru) ^{←いひばづけ (ifibaduke)^?}suru (stem 許嫁(いいなずけ)し (iinazuke shi), past 許嫁(いいなずけ)した (iinazuke shita))

(historical) to arrange an engagement, whereby both sets of parents promise that their children shall wed; generally arranged while the children are still young

Conjugation

Conjugation of "許嫁する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	許嫁し	いいなずけし	īnazuke shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	許嫁し	いいなずけし	īnazuke shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	許嫁する	いいなずけする	īnazuke suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	許嫁する	いいなずけする	īnazuke suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	許嫁すれ	いいなずけすれ	īnazuke sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	許嫁せよ¹ 許嫁しろ²	いいなずけせよ¹ いいなずけしろ²	īnazuke seyo¹ īnazuke shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	許嫁される	いいなずけされる	īnazuke sareru
Causative	許嫁させる許嫁さす	いいなずけさせるいいなずけさす	īnazuke saseru īnazuke sasu
Potential	許嫁できる	いいなずけできる	īnazuke dekiru
Volitional	許嫁しよう	いいなずけしよう	īnazuke shiyō
Negative	許嫁しない	いいなずけしない	īnazuke shinai
Negative continuative	許嫁せず	いいなずけせず	īnazuke sezu
Formal	許嫁します	いいなずけします	īnazuke shimasu
Perfective	許嫁した	いいなずけした	īnazuke shita
Conjunctive	許嫁して	いいなずけして	īnazuke shite
Hypothetical conditional	許嫁すれば	いいなずけすれば	īnazuke sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
許	嫁
ゆいなずけ
Grade: 5	Grade: S
jukujikun

Irregular shift from iinazuke above,^[2] apparently influenced by the alternative yui reading for root verb stem 言う (ii, standard reading), and possibly also influenced by 結い (yui, “knot; binding together”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 結う (yuu, “to tie a knot; to bind together”)).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ゆいなずけ [yùínázúké] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ina̠zɨke̞]

Usage notes

This reading appears to be rare. The senses are all the same as for iinazuke above.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
許	嫁
きょ Grade: 5	か Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 許嫁 (MC xjoX kaeH, “permitted; betrothed + marriage”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きょか [kyóꜜkà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ka̠]

Noun

許(きょ)嫁(か) • (kyoka)

permission from both sets of parents to marry
(rare) someone so permitted: a fiancée (female) or fiancé (male)

Synonyms

(fiancé / fiancée): 婚(こん)約(やく)者(しゃ) (kon'yakusha), フィアンセ (fianse) (much more common)

Verb

許(きょ)嫁(か)する • (kyoka suru) suru (stem 許(きょ)嫁(か)し (kyoka shi), past 許(きょ)嫁(か)した (kyoka shita))

to permit one's child to marry

Conjugation

Conjugation of "許嫁する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	許嫁し	きょかし	kyoka shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	許嫁し	きょかし	kyoka shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	許嫁する	きょかする	kyoka suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	許嫁する	きょかする	kyoka suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	許嫁すれ	きょかすれ	kyoka sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	許嫁せよ¹ 許嫁しろ²	きょかせよ¹ きょかしろ²	kyoka seyo¹ kyoka shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	許嫁される	きょかされる	kyoka sareru
Causative	許嫁させる許嫁さす	きょかさせるきょかさす	kyoka saseru kyoka sasu
Potential	許嫁できる	きょかできる	kyoka dekiru
Volitional	許嫁しよう	きょかしよう	kyoka shiyō
Negative	許嫁しない	きょかしない	kyoka shinai
Negative continuative	許嫁せず	きょかせず	kyoka sezu
Formal	許嫁します	きょかします	kyoka shimasu
Perfective	許嫁した	きょかした	kyoka shita
Conjunctive	許嫁して	きょかして	kyoka shite
Hypothetical conditional	許嫁すれば	きょかすれば	kyoka sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJS-3] Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[SMK5-4] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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