證據

See also: 证据

Chinese edit

		certificate; proof; to prove certificate; proof; to prove; to demonstrate; to confirm	according to; to act in accordance with; to depend on according to; to act in accordance with; to depend on; to seize; to occupy
trad. (證據/証據)		證/証	據
simp. (证据)		证	据

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhèngjù

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ ㄐㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zing³ geoi³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳn-kí
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chèng-kìr / chèng-kù / chèng-kì

(Teochew, Peng'im): zêng³ ge⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhèngjù
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ ㄐㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhèngjyù
  - Wade–Giles: chêng⁴-chü⁴
  - Yale: jèng-jyù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenqjiuh
  - Palladius: чжэнцзюй (čžɛnczjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕy⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zing³ geoi³
  - Yale: jing geui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzing³ goey³
  - Guangdong Romanization: jing³ gêu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ³³ kɵy̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳn-kí
  - Hakka Romanization System: ziin gi`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zin⁴ gi³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn⁵⁵ ki³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèng-kìr
  - Tâi-lô: tsìng-kìr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɯ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèng-kù
  - Tâi-lô: tsìng-kù
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeangkux
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ku¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ku²¹/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèng-kì
  - Tâi-lô: tsìng-kì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeangkix
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ki²¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ki²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zêng³ ge⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsèng kṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kɯ³⁵/

Noun edit

證據

(countable, uncountable) evidence; proof (Classifier: 個／个 m; 條／条 m)
充分的證據／充分的证据 ― chōngfèn de zhèngjù ― ample evidence

經驗證據／经验证据 ― jīngyàn zhèngjù ― empirical evidence

任何事情都要講究證據。 [MSC, trad.]
任何事情都要讲究证据。 [MSC, simp.]
Rènhé shìqíng dōu yào jiǎngjiu zhèngjù. [Pinyin]
In all matters one must pay attention to the evidence.

沒有證據的事情可不能瞎說啊。 [MSC, trad.]
没有证据的事情可不能瞎说啊。 [MSC, simp.]
Méiyǒu zhèngjù de shìqíng kě bùnéng xiāshuō a. [Pinyin]
Do not talk nonsense about matters in which evidence is lacking.

Usage notes edit

Unlike the English nouns proof and evidence which are usually uncountable, the Chinese nouns 證據／证据 (zhèngjù) and 證明／证明 (zhèngmíng) can be counted.

Synonyms edit

佐證／佐证 (zuǒzhèng)
例證／例证 (lìzhèng)
信 (literary, or in compounds)
信據／信据 (xìnjù) (literary, reliable evidence)
力證／力证 (lìzhèng) (strong evidence)
印證／印证 (yìnzhèng)
實證／实证 (shízhèng) (concrete evidence)
干證 (Hokkien)
憑／凭 (píng) (literary, or in compounds)
憑信／凭信 (píngxìn)
憑據／凭据 (píngjù)
憑條／凭条 (Min Nan)
憑證／凭证 (píngzhèng)
據／据 (literary, or in compounds)
論證／论证 (lùnzhèng)
證／证 (zhèng)
證明／证明 (zhèngmíng)
證見／证见 (Hokkien, literary)

Derived terms edit

證據法／证据法 (zhèngjùfǎ)
證據開示／证据开示 (zhèngjù kāishì)

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (證據):

→ Japanese: 証拠(しょうこ) (shōko)
→ Korean: 증거(證據) (jeunggeo)
→ Vietnamese: chứng cứ (證據)

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
證	據
しょう Hyōgaiji	こ Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Noun edit

證(しょう)據(こ) • (shōko)

Kyūjitai form of 証拠: evidence

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
證	據

Noun edit

證據 • (jeunggeo) (hangeul 증거)

Hanja form^? of 증거 (“evidence; proof”).

Vietnamese edit

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
證	據

Noun edit

證據

chữ Hán form of chứng cứ (“evidence”).