要
See also: 贾
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TranslingualEdit
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Han characterEdit
要 (radical 146, 襾+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一田女 (MWV), four-corner 10404, composition ⿱覀女)
Derived charactersEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1128, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34768
- Dae Jaweon: page 1597, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2805, character 8
- Unihan data for U+8981
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
要 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 要 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形): a woman (女) with two hands pointing to her midsection.
Original meaning was “waist” (now 腰 (OC *qew)). The hands gradually shifted upwards; the 覀 in the modern form evolved from the hands and the woman's head.
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
要
- † to demand; to ask; to request
- 要求 ― yāoqiú ― to request
- † to force; to coerce
- † to promise
- † to block; to intercept
- † Alternative form of 邀 (“to invite”).
- † Alternative form of 腰 (“waist”).
- † contract of alliance
- 久要 ― jiǔyāo ― former contract
- A surname.
DescendantsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 要
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
要
- to want; to wish; to need; to demand
- will; going to (future auxiliary)
- about to
- should; to must; to have to
- vital; important
- if; in case of
Usage notesEdit
- Beware that 要飯／要饭 (yàofàn, literally “to want rice”) is a phrase with the meaning "to be a beggar/loafer" which is insulting to others and should be avoided when asking a person whether they want rice.
SynonymsEdit
Dialectal synonyms of 要 (“to want to”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 欲1 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 要 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 要 |
| Taiwan | 要, 想 | |
| Jinan | 要 | |
| Xi'an | 要 | |
| Wuhan | 要 | |
| Chengdu | 要 | |
| Yangzhou | 要 | |
| Hefei | 要 | |
| Malaysia | 要 | |
| Singapore | 要 | |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 要 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 要, 想 |
| Hong Kong | 要, 想 | |
| Yangjiang | 愛 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 要, 想 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 要, 想 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 要 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 愛 |
| Wuhua (Meilin) | 愛 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 愛 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 愛 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 愛 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 愛 | |
| Hsinchu (Raoping) | 愛 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 愛 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 要 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 讓 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 欲2 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 欲2 |
| Quanzhou | 欲2 | |
| Jinjiang | 欲2 | |
| Zhangzhou | 欲2 | |
| Taipei | 欲2 | |
| Kaohsiung | 欲2 | |
| Tainan | 欲2 | |
| Taichung | 欲2 | |
| Hsinchu | 欲2 | |
| Lukang | 欲2 | |
| Sanxia | 欲2 | |
| Yilan | 欲2 | |
| Kinmen | 欲2 | |
| Magong | 欲2 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 愛 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 愛, 欲2 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 欲2, 愛 | |
| Chaozhou | 愛 | |
| Shantou | 愛 | |
| Haifeng | 愛 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 愛 | |
| Wenchang | 欲2 | |
| Qionghai | 欲2 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 欲2 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 要 |
| Suzhou | 要 | |
| Wenzhou | 愛 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 要 |
| Shuangfeng | 要 | |
DescendantsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 要
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JapaneseEdit
See also 要する
KanjiEdit
要
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)←えう (eu, historical)←𛀁う (yeu, ancient)
- Kan-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)←えう (eu, historical)←𛀁う (yeu, ancient)
- Kun: いる (iru, 要る, Jōyō); かなめ (kaname, 要, Jōyō); かのめ (kanome, 要); ぬま (numa, 要); ぬみ (numi, 要)
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
- 肝要 (kan'yō, “critical; vital”)
- 概要 (gaiyō)
- 強要 (kyōyō)
- 主要 (shuyō)
- 所要 (shoyō)
- 重要 (jūyō)
- 需要 (juyō)
- 必要 (hitsuyō)
- 不必要 (fuhitsuyō)
- 不要 (fuyō)
- 法要 (hōyō, “wake; memorial service”)
- 要員 (yōin)
- 要因 (yōin)
- 要求 (yōkyū)
- 要件 (yōken)
- 要綱 (yōkō, “gist; general idea”)
- 要項 (yōkō, “main points”)
- 要塞 (yōsai)
- 要旨 (yōshi)
- 要所 (yōsho, “important position”)
- 要衝 (yōshō)
- 要職 (yōshoku)
- 要人 (yōjin)
- 要請 (yōsei)
- 要素 (yōso)
- 要注意 (yōchūi, “special care required”)
- 要点 (yōten)
- 要望 (yōbō)
- 要約 (yōyaku)
- 要領 (yōryō)
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 要 |
| よう Grade: 4 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 要 (MC ʔiᴇu, ʔiᴇuH).
First cited to 611.[1]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 要 |
| かなめ Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
/kani no me/ → /kanome/ → /kaname/
A shift from older 蟹の目 (kani no me, “crab's eye”) from a superficial resemblance of the round pinhead of a folding fan to a crab's eye, influenced by a reanalysis of the term as 金目 (kaname, literally “metal” + visually prominent feature), as the pins were increasingly made from metal instead of earlier bamboo, wood, or whalebone.
First cited to 1220.[1]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- [1254] the pin or rivet holding the spines of a folding fan together
- Synonyms: 要 (kanome), 蟹の目 (kani no me)
- [1220] (by extension) a pivot, cornerstone, keystone
- Synonym: 要石 (kaname ishi) (cornerstone, keystone)
- [1612] a pin, often decorated, holding the handle to the tang of a katana
- Synonym: 目貫 (menuki)
- [1712] short for 要黐 (kaname mochi), a kind of tree, the Japanese photinia or Photinia glabra
- [1906] (architecture) in a certain kind of traditional Japanese hip roof where the rafters splay out like the spines of a fan, the central point to which the rafter lines converge
- Coordinate term: 扇垂木 (ōgi taruki) (literally “fan rafter”)
Proper nounEdit
- a female given name
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 要 |
| かのめ Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
/kani no me/ → /kanome/
A shift from older 蟹の目 (kani no me, “crab's eye”) from a superficial resemblance of the round pinhead of a folding fan to a crab's eye, influenced by a reanalysis of the term as 金目 (kaname, literally “metal” + visually prominent feature), as the pins were increasingly made from metal instead of earlier bamboo, wood, or whalebone.
First cited to roughly 1140.[1] This reading may be obsolete, and it is not included in some dictionaries.[2][3][4]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- [circa 1140] (archaic, possibly obsolete) the pin or rivet holding the spines of a folding fan together
Derived termsEdit
- 要 (kaname)
Etymology 4Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 要 |
| ぬみ Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 要 |
| ぬま Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 要害 |
From Old Japanese. Further derivation unknown.
First cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720 C.E., listed with both readings numa and numi.[1]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- [720] (archaic, possibly obsolete) fortress, redoubt
- [720] (archaic, possibly obsolete) important point, key
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Further readingEdit
- Kaname entry at Gogen-Allguide (in Japanese)
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
要 (eumhun 중요할 요 (jung-yohal yo))
- Hanja form? of 요 (“importance”).
CompoundsEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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