階級

See also: 阶级

Chinese

		rank or step; stairs	level; grade; rank level; grade; rank; step
trad. (階級)		階	級
simp. (阶级)		阶	级

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiējí

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaai¹ kap¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiê-kip
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kai-khip / kai-kip

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiējí
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiejí
    • Wade–Giles: chieh¹-chi²
    • Yale: jyē-jí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiejyi
    • Palladius: цзецзи (czeczi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaai¹ kap¹
    • Yale: gāai kāp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaai¹ kap⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: gai¹ keb¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiê-kip
    • Hakka Romanization System: gie^ˊ gib^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gie¹ gib⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯e²⁴ kip̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kai-khip
    • Tâi-lô: kai-khip
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kai'qib
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kai³³ kʰip̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kai-kip
    • Tâi-lô: kai-kip
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kai'kib
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kai⁴⁴⁻³³ kip̚³²/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kai⁴⁴⁻²² kip̚³²/

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• Middle Chinese: keaj kip

Rime
Character	階	級
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)	緝 (142)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	古諧切	居立切
Baxter	keaj	kip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛi/	/kˠiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæi/	/kᵚip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐi/	/kiep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəɨj/	/kjip̚/
Li Rong	/kɛi/	/kjəp̚/
Wang Li	/kɐi/	/kĭĕp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kăi/	/ki̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiē	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaai1	gap1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤrij  k(r)əp/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kriːl  krɯb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	階	級
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiē	jí
Middle Chinese	‹ kɛj ›	‹ kip ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁrij/	/*k(r)əp/
English	steps, stairs	degree, grade
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	階	級
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6417	5659
Phonetic component	皆	及
Rime group	脂	緝
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	皆	急
Old Chinese	/*kriːl/	/*krɯb/

Noun

階級

1. class (social division based on socio-economic status)

   階級矛盾／阶级矛盾  ―  jiējí máodùn  ―  class conflict

   剝削階級／剥削阶级  ―  bōxuē jiējí  ―  exploiting class

   階級統治／阶级统治  ―  jiējí tǒngzhì  ―  class rule

   全世界被壓迫階級 [MSC, trad.]
   全世界被压迫阶级 [MSC, simp.]

   quánshìjiè bèi yāpò jiējí [Pinyin]

   the oppressed classes of the world

2. (literary) step (on a flight of stairs)
3. (literary) rank of an official

Synonyms

• (class): 階層／阶层 (jiēcéng)

Derived terms

• 中產階級／中产阶级 (zhōngchǎn jiējí)
• 勞動階級／劳动阶级 (láodòng jiējí)
• 工人階級／工人阶级 (gōngrén jiējí)
• 有產階級／有产阶级 (yǒuchǎn jiējí)
• 無產階級／无产阶级 (wúchǎn jiējí)
• 無產階級專政／无产阶级专政 (wúchǎn jiējí zhuānzhèng)
• 社會階級／社会阶级 (shèhuì jiējí)
• 統治階級／统治阶级 (tǒngzhì jiējí)
• 自在階級／自在阶级 (zìzài jiējí)
• 自為階級／自为阶级 (zìwèi jiējí)
• 資本階級／资本阶级 (zīběn jiējí)
• 資產階級／资产阶级 (zīchǎn jiējí)
• 農民階級／农民阶级 (nóngmín jiējí)
• 階級性／阶级性 (jiējíxìng)
• 階級鬥爭／阶级斗争 (jiējí dòuzhēng)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
階	級
かい Grade: 3	きゅう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かいきゅう [kàíkyúú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ikʲɨː]

Noun

階(かい)級(きゅう) • (kaikyū) ^{←かいきふ (kaikifu)?}

1. social standing, (social) status, (social) class

Korean

Hanja in this term
階	級

Noun

階級 • (gyegeup or McCune-Reischauer: kyegŭp or Yale: kyeykup) (hangeul 계급)

1. hanja form^? of 계급 (“class”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
階	級

Noun

階級

1. chữ Hán form of giai cấp (“class”).