隘

隘 U+9698, 隘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9698 ← 隗 [U+9697] CJK Unified Ideographs 隙 → [U+9699]

Translingual

Alternative forms

The traditional form found in the Kangxi dictionary with a 八 component instead of a 丷 is preserved in Japanese kanji and Korean hanja.

Han character

隘 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 弓中廿金廿 (NLTCT), four-corner 7821₇, composition ⿰阝益)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1358, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41791
• Dae Jaweon: page 1862, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4152, character 15
• Unihan data for U+9698

Chinese

simp. and trad.		隘
alternative forms		𨽴 塧 阨 阸

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (益) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
隘	*qreːɡs
賹	*qreːɡs
搤	*qreːɡs, *qreːɡ
縊	*qleːɡs, *qleɡs
螠	*qleɡs
謚	*ɢliɡs, *qleɡ
諡	*ɢliɡs
蠲	*kʷliːŋ
溢	*liɡ
鎰	*liɡ
齸	*lig, *qleg
貖	*qreːɡ
益	*qleɡ
嗌	*qleɡ
膉	*qleɡ
鷁	*ŋɡleːɡ
艗	*ŋɡleːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡs) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 益 (OC *qleɡ).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ài (ai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): aai³, ai³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ai
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ài

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ài
    • Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ài
    • Wade–Giles: ai⁴
    • Yale: ài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
    • Palladius: ай (aj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: aai³, ai³
    • Yale: aai, ai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: aai³, ai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ai³, ei³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aːi̯³³/, /ɐi̯³³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ai
    • Hakka Romanization System: ai
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ai⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ai̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ài
    • Tâi-lô: ài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: aix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ai²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ai⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ai²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ai¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ai²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'eaH

Rime
Character	隘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	烏懈切
Baxter	'eaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠɛH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚæH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔæiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaɨjH/
Li Rong	/ʔɛH/
Wang Li	/aiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔaiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yà
Expected Cantonese Reflex	aai3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤ<r>[i]k-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qreːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	隘
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ài
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔɛH ›
Old Chinese	/*qˁ<r>[i]k-s/
English	a narrow pass
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	隘
Reading #	1/1
No.	15067
Phonetic component	益
Rime group	賜
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	隘
Old Chinese	/*qreːɡs/

Definitions

隘

1. narrow; confined

   隘路  ―  àilù  ―  narrow passage

2. strategic pass that is dangerous or difficult to access

Compounds

• 困隘
• 山隘 (shān'ài)
• 湫隘
• 狹隘／狭隘 (xiá'ài)
• 褊隘
• 要隘 (yào'ài)
• 迫隘
• 邊隘／边隘
• 關隘／关隘 (guān'ài)
• 阻隘
• 隘口 (àikǒu)
• 隘害
• 隘巷 (àixiàng)
• 隘懾／隘慑
• 隘窘
• 隘路 (àilù)
• 隘險／隘险
• 險隘／险隘

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (隘):

• → Vietnamese: ải (隘)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): è (e⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ak¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: è
    • Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: è
    • Wade–Giles: o⁴
    • Yale: è
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
    • Palladius: э (e)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ak¹
    • Yale: āk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ak⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: eg¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɐk̚⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

---

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤ<r>[i]k/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	隘
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	è
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔɛk ›
Old Chinese	/*qˁ<r>[i]k/
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

隘

1. to isolate
2. to block; to defend

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04499
• “隘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

隘

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. narrow

Readings

• Go-on: え (e); やく (yaku)
• Kan-on: あい (ai); あく (aku)
• Kun: せまい (semai, 隘い)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
隘
あい Hyōgaiji
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 隘 (MC 'eaH).

Affix

隘(あい) • (ai) 

1. narrow; confined

   隘(あい)路(ろ) ― airo ― bottleneck

   狭(きょう)隘(あい) ― kyōai ― narrow

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 隘 (MC 'eaH). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆡᆨ (oyk) (Yale: oyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɛ] ~ [e̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [애/에]

Hanja

Wikisource

隘 (eumhun 좁을 애 (jobeul ae))

1. Hanja form^? of 애 (“narrow”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 애로 (隘路, aero)
• 협애 (狹隘, hyeobae)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

隘: Hán Nôm readings: ải, ỏi

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation