Wiktionary

e

See also: E, è, é, e-, -e, and Appendix:Variations of "e"

e U+0065, e
LATIN SMALL LETTER E
← d
[U+0064] 		Basic Latin f →
[U+0066]
Character variations

ᵉ U+1D49, ᵉ
MODIFIER LETTER SMALL E
← ᵈ
[U+1D48] 		Phonetic Extensions ᵊ →
[U+1D4A]
ｅ U+FF45, ｅ
FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER E
← ｄ
[U+FF44] 		Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ｆ →
[U+FF46]
Languages (123)
Translingual • English
Afar • Afrikaans • Ainu • Albanian • Alemannic German • Angolar • Aromanian • Azerbaijani • Basque • Breton • Catalan • Central Mazahua • Chinese • Corsican • Czech • Dalmatian • Dutch • Emilian • Esperanto • Estonian • Fala • Faroese • Finnish • French • Friulian • Fula • Galician • Gothic • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Gun • Hawaiian • Hungarian • Iau • Icelandic • Ido • Igbo • Indo-Portuguese • Indonesian • Interlingua • Irish • Istriot • Italian • Italiot Greek • Japanese • Kabuverdianu • Kaingang • Kankanaey • Kapampangan • Kashubian • Kosraean • Latin • Latvian • Ligurian • Livonian • Lule Sami • Malay • Maltese • Mandarin • Mauritian Creole • Mbyá Guaraní • Middle English • Middle Low German • Mokilese • Navajo • Neapolitan • Nigerian Pidgin • North Frisian • Norwegian • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nupe • Nzadi • Occitan • Old French • Old Galician-Portuguese • Old Occitan • Old Spanish • Ometepec Nahuatl • Papiamentu • Pohnpeian • Polish • Portuguese • Rapa Nui • Rawang • Romagnol • Romani • Romanian • Samoan • Sardinian • Sassarese • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Sicilian • Silesian • Skolt Sami • Slovak • Slovene • Spanish • Sranan Tongo • Sumerian • Swedish • Tagalog • Tahitian • Teop • Tlingit • Tokelauan • Tongan • Tooro • Turkish • Turkmen • Tuvaluan • Vietnamese • Vilamovian • Volapük • Welsh • West Makian • Yele • Yola • Yoruba • Zazaki • Zulu
Page categories

Translingual

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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  Modification of capital letter E in uncial script, from Ancient Greek Ε (E, epsilon).

Pronunciation

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  • Pronunciation of IPA [eː]:(file)

Letter

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e (upper case E)

  2. The fifth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

See also

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Symbol

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

e

  2. (mathematics) The base of natural logarithms, also known as Euler's number, a transcendental number with a value of approximately 2.718281828459…
  4. (sciences, computing) Symbol separating mantissa from the exponent in scientific notation.
    1.2566e−6 = 1.2566 × 10−6
  6. (IPA) a close-mid front unrounded vowel.
  7. (superscript ⟨ᵉ⟩, IPA) [e]-coloring or a weak, fleeting, epenthetic or echo [e].
  9. (algebra, group theory) identity element.
    a ∘ e = e ∘ a = a
  11. (physics) Electron.
    Coordinate terms: p, n
  13. (physics) Elementary charge.
  15. (mathematics) Eccentricity.
    • 2006 August, Alexander V. Krivov, Artem G. Feofilov, Valeri V. Dikarev, “Search for the putative dust belts of Mars: The late 2007 opportunity”, in Planetary and Space Science, volume 54, numbers 9–10 (in English), →DOI, page 873:
      In addition, we included here another effect—the modulation of the radiation pressure force by the orbital eccentricity of Mars,  —an effect, whose existence was first pointed out by Juhász and Horányi (1995) […]
  16. (materials science) Engineering strain.
    Coordinate term: ε (true strain)

Usage notes

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In the sense as a mathematical constant, the symbol is traditionally represented in an italic font.

Synonyms

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  • (scientific notation): E
  • (electron): e⁻
  • (identity element): 1, (chiefly matrices) I
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  • Letter styles
  •  
    Uppercase and lowercase versions of E, in normal and italic type
  •  
    Uppercase and lowercase E in Fraktur
  •  
    Approximate form of upper case letter E in uncial script that was the source for lower case e

See also

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Other representations of E:

English

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Etymology 1

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The letter name is ultimately from Latin ē. Use of the Latin letter in (Old) English displaced, in whole or in part, five futhorc letters in the 7th century: ᛖ (e), ᚫ (æ), ᛠ (ea), ᛇ (eo), and ᛟ (œ).

Pronunciation

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  • (letter name): IPA(key): /ˈiː/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /ɛ/, /iː/, /ɪ/, /ə/, /eɪ/
    • In addition to the phonemes noted above, "e" can also be silent, representing no sound itself but indicating which phoneme another letter in the word represents. See the article "Silent e" on Wikipedia.

Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E, plural es or e's)

  1. The fifth letter of the English alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.
Coordinate terms
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Derived terms
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Number

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The ordinal number fifth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Noun

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e (plural ees)

  2. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.
Alternative forms
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Coordinate terms
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Etymology 2

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From a deliberate apheresis of both he and she.

Pronoun

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

e (third-person singular, nominative case, accusative em, possessive adjective eir, possessive noun eirs, reflexive emself)

  1. (rare, epicene, nonstandard) A gender-neutral third-person singular subject pronoun, equivalent to the singular they and coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.
    • 2000, Jane Love, “Ethics, Plugged and Unplugged: The Pegagogy of Disorderly Conduct”, in James A. Inman, Donna N. Sewell, editors, Taking flight with OWLs: Examining Electronic Writing Center Work, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, →OL, LCC PE1414.T24 1999, page 193:
      E invites em to consider how ey represent emselves[sic], and in so doing, e focuses eir attention on the ethics that make human relations possible.
    • 2023, Aimee Ogden, “A Half-Remembered World”, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, vol. 145, no. 1-2, whole no. 768 (July/August 2023), pages 146-202
      Empre waded out to help them cross the last stretch. More people, a few hundred, perhaps, had gathered along the shore. One of them came running at Melu with a cry—she threw up her arms in defense. But it was Aeran, only Aeran. E seized Asu and clasped her close, eir eyes closed tightly as e sobbed eir relief.
Synonyms
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Translations

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See e/translations § English.

Etymology 3

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Abbreviations.

  1. (Stenoscript) a word-initial letter ⟨e⟩
  2. (Stenoscript) the long vowel /iː/ at the end of a word, or before a final consonant that is not /dʒ, v, z/. (Note: the final consonant is not written; [ɪə˞] counts as /iːr/.)
  3. (Stenoscript) the words he, me

Afar

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Letter

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e

  1. The fifth letter of the Afar alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Afrikaans

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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e (plural e's, diminutive e'tjie)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

Ainu

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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e (Kana spelling エ)

  1. (transitive) to eat

Synonyms

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See also

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  • ku (“to drink”)

Albanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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e

  1. and
  2. also
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Pronoun

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e m or f or n

  1. Third-person singular accusative-case pronominal clitic (him, her, it)
    E di. / S'e di.
    I know it. / I don't know it.
    E bleva.
    I bought it.

Preposition

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e

  1. (of)
    Besa e shqiptarit nuk shitet pazarit.
    The honor of an Albanian can not be sold or bought in a bazaar.

Article

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e

  1. adjectival article for:
    1. definite masculine singular adjectives in all accusative case
    2. indefinite feminine singular adjectives in the nominative case
    3. definite plural and feminine singular adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases
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See also

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Forms of the adjectival articles
masculine feminine neuter plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative i i e e të të të e
accusative të e të e të të të e
dative and ablative të të të së të të të të
Note that regardless of the definite state of the noun being described, the definite articles are only used when immediately following a definite-form noun. If two adjectives (or other words that use these articles) come back to back, the second word's article will be indefinite.

Notice that while both adjectives require the adjectival article and the same masculine plural agreement, only the first adjectival article takes its definite form, as the second is not in the immediate environment of the modified definite noun.

References

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  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “Conjunction e (and also)”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 85

Alemannic German

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Article

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e f

  1. (indefinite) a/an

Declension

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This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Angolar

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

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e

  1. he

Aromanian

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Etymology

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From Latin et.

Conjunction

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e

  1. and
  2. but
  3. or

Synonyms

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Azerbaijani

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e lower case (upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Basque

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Basque alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

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Noun

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e (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

See also

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Breton

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

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e

  1. his

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni.

Preposition

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e

  1. in
Inflection
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Personal forms of e
singular plural
1st person ennon ennomp
2nd person ennout ennoc'h
3rd person m ennañ enno
f enni
impersonal ennor
Usage notes
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It contracts with the articles, see el, en and er.

Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Catalan alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

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Central Mazahua

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (upper case E)

  1. A letter of the Mazahua alphabet.

See also

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Chinese

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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e

  1. e- (electronic)

Etymology 2

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From clipping of English email.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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e

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to email

Corsican

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Etymology

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From the earlier le.

Pronunciation

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Article

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e f pl (masculine singular u, feminine singular a, masculine plural i)

  1. the (feminine plural)

Usage notes

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  • Before a vowel, e turns into l'.

Pronoun

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e f pl

  1. them (feminine direct object)

Usage notes

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  • Before a vowel, e turns into l'.

See also

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Corsican personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
singular 1st person eiu mi mè
2nd person tù ti tè
3rd person m ellu li u, l' ellu
f ella a, l' ella
plural 1st person noi ci noi
2nd person voi vi voi
3rd person m elli li i, l' elli
f elle e, l' elle

References

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Czech

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The eighth letter of the Czech alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Dalmatian

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Etymology

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From Latin et.

Conjunction

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e

  1. and

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. the fifth letter of the Dutch alphabet

See also

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  • Previous letter: d
  • Next letter: f

Emilian

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Etymology

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From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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e

  1. and

Esperanto

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

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Noun

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e (accusative singular e-on, plural e-oj, accusative plural e-ojn)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

See also

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Estonian

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Estonian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia et

Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called ee and written in the Latin script.

Conjunction

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e

  1. Abbreviation of ehk; or, a.k.a.

See also

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Fala

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Conjunction

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e

  1. Alternative form of i

Faroese

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Finnish

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Etymology 1

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The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and e for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called ee and written in the Latin script.
See also
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Etymology 2

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German musical notation.

Noun

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e

  1. (music) E (note)
Usage notes
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Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

Declension
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Inflection of e (Kotus type 18/maa)
singular plural
nominative e e:t
genitive e:n e:iden
e:itten
partitive e:tä e:itä
accusative e
e:n 		e:t
inessive e:ssä e:issä
elative e:stä e:istä
illative e:hen e:ihin
adessive e:llä e:illä
ablative e:ltä e:iltä
allative e:lle e:ille
essive e:nä e:inä
translative e:ksi e:iksi
abessive e:ttä e:ittä
instructive – e:in
comitative – e:ineen
Derived terms
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compounds

French

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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e m (plural e)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

Derived terms

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Friulian

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Etymology

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From Latin et.

Conjunction

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e

  1. and

Fula

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Etymology 1

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See Translingual section.

Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
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See also
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Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction

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e

  1. and
  2. with
Usage notes
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  • Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
  • In writing, some add an "h" before and even also after the "e": he,heh. Not sure these would count as variants.

Galician

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Etymology 1

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From Latin et.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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e

  1. and
    Túa irmá e eu fomos cear e despois ao cine.
    Your sister and I went to have dinner and then to the cinema.

Etymology 2

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See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Galician alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun

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e m (plural es)

  1. e (name of the letter E, e)
See also
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Further reading

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Gothic

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Romanization

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e

  1. Romanization of 𐌴

Guinea-Bissau Creole

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Etymology

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From Portuguese e. Cognate with Kabuverdianu e.

Conjunction

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e

  1. and

Gun

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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é

  1. she, he, it (third-person singular personal pronoun)

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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e

  1. her, him, it (third-person singular personal object pronoun)

See also

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Gungbe personal pronouns
Number Person Emphatic Pronoun Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun Possessive Determiner
Singular First nyɛ́, yẹ́n ùn, n mi cé, ṣié
Second jɛ̀, jẹ̀, yẹ̀, hiẹ̀ à wè tòwè
Third éɔ̀, úɔ̀, éwọ̀ é è étɔ̀n, étọ̀n
Plural First mílɛ́, mílẹ́ mí mítɔ̀n, mítọ̀n
Second mìlɛ́, mìlẹ́ mì mìtɔ̀n, mìtọ̀n
Third yélɛ́, yélẹ́ yé yétɔ̀n, yétọ̀n

Hawaiian

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Particle

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e

  1. used to mark the following verb as an infinitive; to
  2. used before a name, a noun or a phrase to address someone or something

Preposition

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e

  1. by (indicating the agent of a verb in the passive voice)

Hungarian

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Uralic *e-. Cognates include Finnish että and Estonian et.[1]

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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e (demonstrative)

  1. (chiefly archaic, except before consonant-initial words, as a counterpart of ez) this
    Synonyms: eme, (only determiners; both are archaic or formal) ezen
    az e heti hírek ― this week’s news
    e világi ― of this world, worldly, mundane
    E házban lakott Petőfi Sándor. ― Sándor Petőfi lived in this house.
    E mellett a ház mellett vártam rá. ― I waited for him/her next to this house.

Pronoun

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e

  1. (archaic, except before most consonant-initial postpositions) this
    Itt a mozi, e mellett lakunk mi. ― Here is the cinema; we live next to this.
    • 1836, Mihály Vörösmarty, Szózat[2] (Appeal)[3]
      A nagy világon e kivűl / Nincsen számodra hely;
      In the great world outside of here / There is no place for you
      (“E kívül” would be ezen kívül in present-day Hungarian, formed from ez.)
Usage notes
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A rarer substitute of ez, but unlike ez, it does not take the case of the noun it is attached to, and no definite article is used:

ezen a helyen ― e helyen ― at this place (literally, “on this place”)
ebben a házban ― e házban ― in this house

Most consonant-initial postpositions can take e, e.g. e nélkül, e helyett, see Pronominal adverbs from postpositions, in the column “that one, this one”. On the other hand, vowel-initial postpositions take ez (e.g. ez alatt, ez iránt).

Interjection

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e

  1. (folksy) look!, hey! (expressing surprise or wanting to get attention)
    E! Hát Józsi meg hová tűnt? ― Hey! Where is Joe?
    Itt van, e! (informal) ― Here it is.

Etymology 2

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See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

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  • (letter or phoneme itself; identifier): IPA(key): [ˈɛː][2]
  • (musical note): IPA(key): [ˈeː] (in the names of minor scales; see also E)

Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  2. The ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.
Declension
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Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative e e-k
accusative e-t e-ket
dative e-nek e-knek
instrumental e-vel e-kkel
causal-final e-ért e-kért
translative e-vé e-kké
terminative e-ig e-kig
essive-formal e-ként e-kként
essive-modal — —
inessive e-ben e-kben
superessive e-n e-ken
adessive e-nél e-knél
illative e-be e-kbe
sublative e-re e-kre
allative e-hez e-khez
elative e-ből e-kből
delative e-ről e-kről
ablative e-től e-ktől
non-attributive
possessive – singular 		e-é e-ké
non-attributive
possessive – plural 		e-éi e-kéi
Possessive forms of e
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. e-m e-im
2nd person sing. e-d e-id
3rd person sing. e-je e-i
1st person plural e-nk e-ink
2nd person plural e-tek e-itek
3rd person plural e-jük e-ik
Derived terms
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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Entry #125 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. ^ Siptár, Péter and Miklós Törkenczy. The Phonology of Hungarian. The Phonology of the World’s Languages. Oxford University Press, 2007. →ISBN, p. 280

Further reading

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  • (sound, letter, abbreviation): e , (musical note, its symbol or key/position): e , (pronoun, alternative form of ez): e , (folksy interjection pointing at something nearby): e , (interjection, rare alternative form of eh): e in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
  • e in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Iau

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Noun

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e

  1. water

Further reading

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  • Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

Icelandic

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Ido

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Conjunction

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e

  1. Apocopic form of ed
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  • a (“to”)
  • o (“or”)

Igbo

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (upper case E, lower case e)

  1. The fifth letter of the Igbo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Alternative forms

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  • a (retracted tongue position)

Pronoun

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e

  1. (indefinite) somebody, one, they, people (an unspecified individual).

Usage notes

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  • Often gets translated into English with the passive voice.

See also

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Igbo personal pronouns
dependent independent object/possessive
Singular first m, a/e- ... -m m, mụ
second ị, i ngị, gị gị
third ọ, o ya
Plural first anyị
second ụnụ
third ha, a/e- ... -ha ha
Indefinite a/e - -

Indo-Portuguese

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Etymology

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From Portuguese e (“and”).

Conjunction

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e

  1. and (expresses two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other)
    • 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:
      Trasê tamêm um vaquinh bem gord e matá par nós comê e par nós regalá
      Bring also a small and very fat cow and kill (it) for us to eat and for us to feast on

Indonesian

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Interlingua

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Alternative forms

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Conjunction

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e

  1. and

Irish

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Irish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Istriot

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Etymology

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From Latin et.

Conjunction

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e

  1. and
    • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 128:
      Caro, cun quil visito bianco e russo.
      Dear, with that little white and red face.

Italian

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Etymology 1

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From Latin ē (the name of the letter E).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈe/*
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: é

Letter

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e f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Italian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Noun

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e f (invariable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.; e
See also
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Etymology 2

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From Latin et.[1]

Alternative forms

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  • ed (before a word starting with a vowel, especially /e ɛ/.)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /e/*
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: e

Conjunction

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e

  2. and
  3. (archaic, literary) (e... e) both... and or just ... and (Can we clean up(+) this sense?)
    Synonyms: sia... che, sia... sia
    • 1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto I”, in Inferno [Hell]‎[4], lines 4–6; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎[5], 2nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:
      Ahi quanto a dir qual era è cosa duraesta selva selvaggia e aspra e forte ¶ che nel pensier rinova la paura!
      Ah me! how hard a thing it is to say ¶ ⁠What was this forest savage, rough, and stern, ⁠¶ ⁠Which in the very thought renews the fear.
Usage notes
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References

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  1. ^ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951

Further reading

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e in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Italiot Greek

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Etymology

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From Ancient Greek αἱ (hai).

Article

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e

  1. feminine nominative plural of o

Japanese

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Romanization

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e

  1. The hiragana syllable え (e) or the katakana syllable エ (e) in Hepburn romanization.
  2. The hiragana syllable へ (e) or the katakana syllable ヘ (e) in Hepburn romanization. (as particle)

Kabuverdianu

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Etymology

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From Portuguese e.

Conjunction

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e

  1. and

Kaingang

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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e

  1. there are many, there is much
  2. to be a lot (for someone); to displease; to surprise
    Ag mỹ tóg e tĩ.
    They were surprised.
    (literally, “it was a lot for them.”)

References

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  • Ursula Gojtéj Wiesemann (2011) “e”, in Dicionário Kaingang-Português Português-Kaingang‎[6], 2nd edition (overall work in Portuguese), Curitiba: Editora Esperança, page 13.

Kankanaey

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Tagalog e. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English e.

Pronunciation

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  • (letter name) IPA(key): /ˈʔi/ [ˈʔi̞]
    • Rhymes: -i
    • Syllabification: e
  • (phoneme)

Letter

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e or ë (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

See also

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References

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  • Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016) Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎[7] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11

Kapampangan

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Etymology

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From ali or Proto-Philippine *diq (“particle of negation”).

Prefix

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e

  1. un-, non-, in-
    Iyang emakapunta
    S/he's Unable to go
    Taung eyakakit
    Invisible man
    Lugud a ekalinguwan
    Unforgettable love
    Ekakabieng bage
    Nonliving things
    Emakasulung
    Unable to proceed

Kashubian

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Etymology

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The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and e for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The seventh letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Kosraean

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Etymology

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From Proto-Oceanic *api, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy. Compare Malay api, Malagasy afo, Tsat pui³³, Palauan ngau, Chuukese ááf, Tongan afi, Samoan afi and Hawaiian ahi.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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e

  1. fire

Latin

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Letter

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e

  1. A letter of the Latin alphabet.

Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ē f (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the letter E.
Coordinate terms
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References

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  • e in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • "e", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • e in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • e in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

Etymology 3

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Abbreviated from ex.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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ē (+ ablative)

  2. Alternative form of ex
Derived terms
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edit

Latvian

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Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia lv

Etymology

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Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation 1

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Letter

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E

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The seventh letter of the Latvian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
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The letter E/e (like its long counterpart Ē/ē) represent two sounds, [ɛ] — šaurais e (“narrow e”) — and [æ] — platais e (“broad e”). In principle, [ɛ] is used when there is a palatal element (the vowels i, ī, e, ē, the diphthongs ie, ei, and the palatal consonants j, ķ, ģ, ļ, ņ, š, ž, č, dž, and, in the old spelling, ŗ) either in the same or in the following syllable; otherwise, [æ] is used. Unfortunately, some historical changes have obscured this pattern by removing some previously existing palatal elements; as a result of that, for a number of words the actual pronunciation of the letter e — [ɛ] or [æ] — must be memorized.

See also
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Pronunciation 2

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Noun

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e m (invariable)

  1. The Latvian name of the Latin script letter E/e.
See also
edit

Ligurian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti (“beyond, over”).

Conjunction

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e

  1. and

Etymology 2

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From Latin illae.

Article

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e f pl (singular a)

  1. the

Inflection

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Ligurian definite articles
singular plural
masculine o i
feminine a e

Livonian

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (upper case E)

  1. The eighth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Lule Sami

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

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e

  1. third-person plural present of ij

Malay

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Maltese

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɛ/ (short phoneme)
  • IPA(key): /a/ (some speakers; when following għ in an unstressed final syllable)
  • IPA(key): /ɛː/ (long phoneme)
  • In inherited words, long e occurs only next to vowelised għ or h. In Romance words, it can be long on its own.

Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
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Etymology 2

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Onomatopoeic. Compare Italian eh and English eh.

Interjection

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e

  1. Used as a hook, to request that the listener express an opinion about what has been said
  2. Used to emphasize the (often negative) emotion felt by the speaker
    Synonym: menn
Alternative forms
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Mandarin

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Romanization

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e (e5 / e0, Zhuyin ˙ㄜ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 呃

e

  1. Nonstandard spelling of ē.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of é.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of ě.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of è.
  5. Nonstandard spelling of ê̄.
  6. Nonstandard spelling of ế.
  7. Nonstandard spelling of ê̌.
  8. Nonstandard spelling of ề.

Usage notes

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  • 《汉语拼音方案》 (Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet) defines a standard pronunciation for each letter in Hanyu Pinyin with Zhuyin. ㄝ (/⁠ɛ⁠/) typically only occurs in syllables with an initial glide (e.g. ㄧㄝ (-ie /⁠i̯ɛ⁠/)), where it is romanized as e. When it occurs in syllables without an initial glide, however, it is romanized as ê in order to distinguish it from ㄜ (-e /⁠ɤ⁠/). Such instances are rare, and are only found in interjections or neologisms.
  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mauritian Creole

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e

  1. the fifth letter of the modern Latin alphabet

Etymology 2

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From French et.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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e

  1. and

Mbyá Guaraní

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Adjective

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e

  1. tasty, delicious

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Pronoun

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e

  1. Alternative form of I (“I”)

Etymology 2

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Pronoun

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e

  1. Alternative form of he (“he”)

Etymology 3

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Pronoun

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e

  1. Alternative form of he (“they”)

Middle Low German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *aiwaz, whence also Old Norse ei.

Adverb

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ê

  1. always

Descendants

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  • German Low German: Ehe

Mokilese

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Noun

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e (construct ehn)

  1. leg

Inflection

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Possessive forms of e (inalienable possession, -n/long vowel stem)
singular
possessor 		first person ehioa
second person ehmwen
third person ehn
dual
possessors 		first person inclusive ehsa
first person exclusive ehma
second person ehmwa
third person ehra
plural
possessors 		first person inclusive ehsai
first person exclusive ehmai
second person ehmwai
third person ehrai
remote plural
possessors 		first person inclusive ehs
first person exclusive ehmi
second person ehmwi
third person ehr
construct form ehn

Derived terms

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Letter

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e

  1. The eighth letter of the Navajo alphabet:
    e = /ɛ˨/
    ę = /ɛ̃˨/
    é = /ɛ˥/
    ę́ = /ɛ̃˥/
    ee = /ɛː˨˨/
    ęę = /ɛ̃ː˨˨/
    ée = /ɛː˥˨/
    ę́ę = /ɛ̃ː˥˨/
    eé = /ɛː˨˥/
    ęę́ = /ɛ̃ː˨˥/
    éé = /ɛː˥˥/
    ę́ę́ = /ɛ̃ː˥˥/

Neapolitan

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Latin de.

Alternative forms

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Preposition

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e

  1. of (used to express ownership)

Etymology 2

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From Latin et.

Conjunction

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e

  1. and

Nigerian Pidgin

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Etymology

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From English he or English she.

Pronoun

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e

  1. he, she, it
    • 2024 April 7, “Timeline of Rwanda genocide 30 years later”, in BBC News Pidgin‎[8]:
      President Paul Kagame tok dis one as e address dignitaries and world leaders wey gada for Rwanda capital, Kigali, to remember di bloodshed.
      President Paul Kagame said this while addressing dignitaries and world leaders who gathered in Rwanda's capital, Kigali, to commemorate the bloodshed.

North Frisian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ə], [ɐ] (reduced vowel)
  • IPA(key): [ɛ] (short full vowel)
  • IPA(key): [eː] (long vowel, spelt ee)

Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

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  • In monosyllables, final ⟨e⟩ is pronounced [e], except on Sylt, where it is [ɛ].
  • The reduced vowel is lowered to [ɐ] when followed by coda ⟨r⟩. In the insular dialects, the same usually happens also before any other coda consonant (except ⟨l, n⟩, which become syllabic instead).
  • Mooring Frisian represents [ɛ] exclusively by ⟨ä⟩, whereas the insular dialects represent [ə] by ⟨i⟩ in certain positions (see there).
  • Föhr-Amrum Frisian uses ⟨ei, eu⟩ for the diphthongs [aɪ̯], [ɔɪ̯] as in German. The other dialects spell phonetically ⟨ai, oi⟩.

See also

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Norwegian

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Etymology

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See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

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  • (letter name): IPA(key): /eː/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /eː/, /e/, /ɛ/, /ə/, /æ/

Letter

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e

  1. The fifth letter of the Norwegian alphabet

Usage notes

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  • /ə/ only appears in unstressed syllables.

Inflection

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Inflection of e
indefinite singular definite singular indefinite plural definite plural
Bokmål m e e-en e-er e-ene
Nynorsk m e e-en e-ar e-ane

Norwegian Bokmål

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Article

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e

  1. (non-standard since 1938) Alternative form of ei

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse er.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /eː/, /e/, /ɛ/, /ə/, /æ/

Verb

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e

  1. (dialectal, colloquial) Apocopic form of er, present of vera

Etymology 2

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Pronoun

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e

  1. (dialectal, parts of Trøndelag and Western Norway) pronunciation spelling of eg (“I”).

Nupe

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
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Etymology 2

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Clipping of rè.

Pronunciation

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Particle

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è

  1. Marks the imperfective aspect, for actions that are not completed.

Nzadi

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Particle

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é

  1. Used to link a possessed noun to its possessor.

Usage notes

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This particle accompanies several tonal changes, as well as a simplification or elision of the coda of the possessed noun in some cases. Many nouns can be linked directly in possessive constructions without using this particle, chiefly those that denotes humans or animals when used in the singular, although it is impossible to predict exactly which nouns will follow which pattern based on semantics, ancestral noun class, or morphology.

Further reading

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  • Crane, Thera, Larry Hyman, Simon Nsielanga Tukumu (2011) A grammar of Nzadi [B.865]: a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, →ISBN

Occitan

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Etymology 1

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From Old Occitan e, from Latin et.

Conjunction

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e

  1. and

Etymology 2

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Noun

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e f (plural es)

  1. e (the letter e, E)

Old French

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Conjunction

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e

  1. Alternative form of et

Old Galician-Portuguese

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Etymology 1

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From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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e

  1. and (expresses two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other)
Descendants
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  • Fala: i
  • Galician: e
  • Portuguese: e
    • Guinea-Bissau Creole: i, e
    • Indo-Portuguese: e
    • Kabuverdianu: y, i, e
    • Papiamentu: i, y

Etymology 2

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Alternative form of é

Verb

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e

  1. Alternative form of é

Old Occitan

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Etymology

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From Latin et.

Conjunction

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e

  1. and

Descendants

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  • Occitan: e

Old Spanish

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Alternative forms

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  • é (alternative spelling)
  • ed, et (alternative forms)
  • i

Etymology

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From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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e

  1. and
    • c. 1200: Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 64v.
      e el reẏ con ſana q́ auie mando que mataſen todos los ſabios de babilonna e demandaron a danel e aſos conpaneros por matar
      And the king, full of anger, ordered all the wise men of Babylon be put to death, and they sought Daniel and his companions to put them to death.

Descendants

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  • Spanish: y, e

Ometepec Nahuatl

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Noun

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e

  1. bean.

Papiamentu

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Etymology 1

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From Portuguese ele and Spanish él and Kabuverdianu el.

Pronoun

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e

  1. he, she, third person singular.

Etymology 2

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From Portuguese este and Spanish este and Kabuverdianu es.

Article

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e

  1. the (definite article)

Pohnpeian

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

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e

  1. he, she, it, third person pronoun

Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

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Determiner

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e

  1. his, her, hers, its, third person possessive pronoun
    Liho iang eh pwoud.
    The woman joined her husband.

Etymology 3

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Of Onomatopoeic origin.

Interjection

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e

  1. what, in response to being called

Polish

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Etymology

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The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and e for development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The seventh letter of the Polish alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

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Interjection

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e

  1. (colloquial) hey! (used to call someone's attention)

Portuguese

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Etymology 1

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From Old Galician-Portuguese e (“and”), from Latin et (“and”), from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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e

  2. and (connects two clauses indicating that the events occurred together, one after the other or without any special implication)
    Synonym: &
    Eu vim e eles saíram.
    I came and they left.
  4. and (connects the last and penultimate elements in a list)
    Eu e ele vamos embora.
    He and I are going away.
    Tenho quatro frutas: uma maçã, uma pera, uma laranja e uma uva.
    I have four fruits: an apple, a pear, an orange and a grape.
  5. what about
    Synonym: e quanto a
    Você vai viajar sozinho? E a sua esposa?
    You're going to travel alone? What about your wife?
  7. (emphatic) and (connects every element of a list)
    Ela é baixa, e burra, e preguiçosa, e feia.
    She is short, and stupid, and lazy, and ugly.
  9. (logic) and (indicates a conjunction operation)
    Verdadeiro e falso dá falso.
    True and false yields false.
  11. (in the format “X e X”) and (indicates a great number of something)
    Esperei por anos e anos.
    I waited for years and years.
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:e.

Descendants
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  • Guinea-Bissau Creole: i, e
  • Indo-Portuguese: e
  • Kabuverdianu: y, i, e
  • Papiamentu: i, y

Noun

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e m (uncountable)

  1. (logic) and, conjunction
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:e.

Etymology 2

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See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: e

Letter:

Noun:

Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
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Etymology 3

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Abbreviation of este

Noun

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e m (uncountable)

  1. Abbreviation of este (east)

Etymology 4

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Verb

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e

  1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Alternative form of é (“is”)

Rapa Nui

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈe/
  • Hyphenation: e

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Polynesian *e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Maori e.

Particle

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e

  1. Used to mark the subject of a non-stative verb.
  2. Used to form a vocative of the following (proper) noun.
Usage notes
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  • The particle is only obligatory when used with verbs describing first-hand sensing:
    He tike'a koe e au. ― I see you.
  • With other verbs, e has an emphatic undertone.

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Polynesian *e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Maori e.

Particle

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e

  1. Used to indicate the imperfective aspect.
  2. Used to indicate the exhortative mood.
  3. Used before numerals to form cardinal numbers.

References

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  • Veronica Du Feu (1996) Rapanui (Descriptive Grammars), Routledge, →ISBN, page 67
  • Paulus Kieviet (2017) A grammar of Rapa Nui‎[9], Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN, pages 323, 381

Rawang

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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e

  1. to exist.

Suffix

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e

  1. verbal suffix for marking non-past declarative clause.

Romagnol

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Etymology

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From an earlier ei, from el.

Article

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e m

  1. Alternative form of e’ (“the”)

Romani

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. (International Standard) The seventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  2. (Pan-Vlax) The eighth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Romanian

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Etymology 1

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See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The seventh letter of the Romanian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
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See E for pronunciation notes.

See also
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Noun

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e n (plural e-uri)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.
Declension
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Declension of e
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative e e-ul e-uri e-urile
genitive-dative e e-ului e-uri e-urilor
vocative e-ule e-urilor

Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Interjection

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e

  1. expression of annoyance, irritation
  2. expression of boredom, indifference
  3. (when prolonged…eee) expression of surprise, satisfaction, admiration

Etymology 3

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From Latin est.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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e

  1. (informal) third-person singular present indicative of fi
    Synonyms: este, (regional) îi, (familiar) -i
    El e un copil.
    He is a child.

Etymology 4

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From Latin et.

Conjunction

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e

  1. (obsolete) and
    Synonym: și
  2. (obsolete) but
    Synonyms: dar, iar

Samoan

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Preposition

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e

  1. by (a person or animate object)

Sardinian

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Etymology

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From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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e

  1. and

Sassarese

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Etymology

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From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti or *h₁eti.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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e

  1. and

Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology 1

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is preceded by d and followed by f. Its traditional name is eadha (“aspen”).
See also
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Etymology 2

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From Old Irish é. Cognates include Irish é and Manx eh.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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e (emphatic esan)

  1. third-person masculine pronoun; he, him, it
See also
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Scottish Gaelic personal pronouns
simple emphatic
singular plural singular plural
first person mi sinn mise sinne
second person thu, tu1 sibh2 thusa, tusa1 sibhse2
third
person 		m e iad esan iadsan
f i ise

1 Used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh.
2 sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns.
To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used.

References

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  1. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  2. ^ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎[1], Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
  3. ^ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath
  4. ^ Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN
  5. ^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

Further reading

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  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “e”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[10], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 é, hé”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology 1

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See Translingual section.

Alternative forms

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  • (uppercase): E

Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (Cyrillic spelling е)

  1. The 9th letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by đ and followed by f.
Usage notes
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Its name is е /e/ and it has the sound of e in net.

Etymology 2

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Variant of ej or hej

Interjection

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e (Cyrillic spelling е)

  1. (rare) well, now
  2. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) hey
  3. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to emphasize the sentence
    E, šta ima? ― Hey, what's up?
  4. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to express surprise
    E, otkud ti? ― Hey, where did you come from?
  5. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to get attention or change the topic of conversation, especially if followed by a (“and; but”)
    E, a vidi ovo. ― And look at this.

Sicilian

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Etymology

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From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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e

  1. and

Silesian

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Etymology

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The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and e for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The seventh letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Skolt Sami

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (upper case E)

  1. The tenth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Slovak

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (upper case E)

  1. The tenth letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Slovene

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Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sl

Alternative forms

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  • є (Metelko alphabet)
  • ȩ (Ramovš transcription)

Etymology 1

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From Gaj's Latin alphabet e, from Czech alphabet e, from Latin e, which is a modification of capital letter E in uncial script, from Ancient Greek Ε (E, Epsilon).

Pronunciation

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  • (phoneme, Standard Slovene): IPA(key): /éː/, /èː/, /ɛ́/, /ɛ́ː/, /ɛ̀ː/, /ə́/, /ə̀/, /e/, /ɛ/, [ɪ́], [ɪ̀], [é̞], [è̞]
  • (phoneme, Resian): IPA(key): /ɛ/
  • (phoneme, Natisone Valley dialect): IPA(key): /ɛː/, /ɛ/, /ɛ̆/
  • (letter name): IPA(key): /èː/, /éː/
  • (letter name, archaic): IPA(key): /ɛ̀ː/, /ɛ́ː/
  • Audio (letter name, non-tonal):(file)
  • Rhymes: -eː, -ɛː
  • Homophones: e, E

Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  2. The eighth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
  3. The sixth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.
Derived terms
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Symbol

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e

  1. (Logar transcription, transcription for standard Slovene) Phonetic transcription of sound [ɛ].
    Synonyms: ȩ, ɛ

Noun

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e m inan or n

  1. The name of the Latin script letter E / e.

Usage notes

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Nowadays, it is hardly ever neuter gender, so it is considered obsolete.[1]

Declension

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  • Overall more common
 
 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine inan., soft o-stem
nom. sing. e
gen. sing. e-ja
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		e e-ja e-ji
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		e-ja e-jev e-jev
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		e-ju e-jema e-jem
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		e e-ja e-je
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		e-ju e-jih e-jih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		e-jem e-jema e-ji
  • More common when with a definite adjective
Masculine inan., no endings
nom. sing. e
gen. sing. e
singular dual plural
nominative e e e
accusative e e e
genitive e e e
dative e e e
locative e e e
instrumental e e e
  • Obsolete
Neuter, no endings
nom. sing. e
gen. sing. e
singular dual plural
nominative e e e
accusative e e e
genitive e e e
dative e e e
locative e e e
instrumental e e e

Etymology 2

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Variant of ej or hej

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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e

  1. (informal, rare, at the beginning of sentences) Used to express happiness when saying something
    E, do smrti bom živel!
    Hey, I will live till I die!
  2. (informal, at the beginning of sentences) Used to express uneasyness
    E, da, seveda.
    Um, sure, of course
  3. (informal, rare, at the end of sentences) Used to form questions
    Synonym: a
    Kdo je to naredil, e?
    Who did that, huh?

Etymology 3

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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e

  1. (informal, at the beginning of sentences) Used to express indifference to what was said before
    Synonyms: eh, ah
    E, ga bo že minilo!
    Whatever, he will get over it?
  2. (informal, at the beginning of sentences) Used to express unhappiness
    E, pa kaj še!
    Yeah, sure!

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Toporišič, Jože (2000) Slovenska slovnica / Jože Toporišič. - 4. prenovljena in razširjena izd. (in Slovene), Maribor: Obzorja, →ISBN
  • Krvina, Domen, Žele, Andreja (2017) O MEDMETIH, ZLASTI O NJIHOVIH RAZLOČEVALNIH LASTNOSTIH: POUDARJEN SLOVARSKI VIDIK‎[11] (in Slovene)
  • Kenda-Jež, Karmen (2017 February 27) Fonetična trankripcija [Phonetic transcription]‎[12] (in Slovene), Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša, archived from the original on January 22, 2022, pages 27–30

Further reading

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  • “e”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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See Translingual section.

Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun

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e f (plural es)

  1. Name of the letter E

Etymology 2

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Latin et

Alternative forms

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Conjunction

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e

  1. and
    Yo hablo francés e inglés.
    I speak French and English.
    Iberia, Air Europa e Easyjet.
    Iberia, Air Europa and Easyjet.
Usage notes
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  • Used instead of y when the following word starts with the vowel sound /i/.
See also
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Sranan Tongo

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Etymology

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Reduced form of de (“to be”)

Particle

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e

  1. Verbal marker for continuous aspect.

Sumerian

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Romanization

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e

  1. Romanization of 𒂊

Swedish

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Etymology 1

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See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

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  • letter name: IPA(key): /eː/
  • Audio:(file)
  • phoneme: IPA(key): /eː/, /ɛ/, /ɛː/

Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Swedish alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.
See also
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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e

  1. (colloquial, Internet slang, text messaging) Pronunciation spelling of är.
    • 2014 January 17, Veronica Maggio, “Hela huset”‎[13] ft. Håkan Hellström:
      Går runt i t-shirt och e trött
      Walking tired around in a t-shirt
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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From Old Norse æ, ei, ey, from Proto-Germanic *aiwi (“forever”), *aiwaz.

Adverb

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e (not comparable)

  1. (archaic) forever, ever
    Synonym: alltid
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Tagalog

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Spanish e. Each pronunciation has a different source:

  • Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English e.
  • Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by the Baybayin character ᜁ (i).
  • Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish e.

Pronunciation

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  • (Standard Tagalog)
    • IPA(key): /ˈʔi/ [ˈʔɪ] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
      • Rhymes: -i
    • IPA(key): /ˈʔe/ [ˈʔɛ] (letter name, Abakada alphabet, Abecedario)
      • Rhymes: -e
    • IPA(key): /ˈe/ [ˈɛ] (phoneme, stressed or unstressed)
      • Rhymes: -e
  • Syllabification: e

Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called i and written in the Latin script.
  2. The fifth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called e and written in the Latin script.
  3. (historical) The sixth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

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Noun

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e (Baybayin spelling ᜁ)

  1. the name of the Latin-script letter E/e, in the Abakada alphabet
    Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) i
  2. (historical) the name of the Latin-script letter E/e, in the Abecedario
    Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) i

See also

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Etymology 2

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Compare Spanish eh and English eh.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Interjection

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e (Baybayin spelling ᜁ) (informal)

  1. Used to acknowledge a statement or situation: well; so
    E, ganoon e!
    Well, it's like that!
    E, ano ngayon?
    So, what now?
    Nandoon siya, e.
    Well, he/she was/is there.
  2. Used to rhetorically express surprise or suspicion: so; oh; well
    E, sino naman 'yun?
    Oh so then, who was that?
    E, ikaw lang din naman 'yun.
    Well anyways, that was also only just you.
  3. Used to express indignance: well; but
    E, hindi mo naman kinailangan gawin iyon.
    But, you didn't need to do that.
  4. Used to introduce the continuation of narration from a previous understood point: and; well; so
    E, magkano naman ito?
    And, how much is this one?
See also
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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Particle

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e (Baybayin spelling ᜁ)

  1. Alternative form of ay

Further reading

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  • “e”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Tahitian

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle

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e

  1. indicates that an action is unfinished when inserted before the verb

See also

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Teop

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

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e

  1. him, her, it (third-person pronoun, objective case, singular)

Further reading

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Tlingit

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (upper case E)

  1. A letter of the Tlingit alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Tokelauan

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Polynesian *e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Samoan e.

Preposition

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e

  1. Marks the subject of a transitive verb; by

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Polynesian *e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Samoan e.

Particle

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e

  1. Indicates indefinite present tense.
    • 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau]‎[14], page 1:
      Ko kimatou, ia tagata o Tokelau, e takutino
      We, the people of Tokelau, (do) speak openly
  2. Indicates future tense.

References

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  • R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎[15], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 24

Tongan

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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e

  1. by

Tooro

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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-e (declinable)

  1. his, her (class 1 possessive pronoun)

Usage notes

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  • This modifier, when used in the indefinite forms, causes the word before it to move its high tone to the ultimate syllable.

Inflection

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Inflected forms of -e
Noun class indefinite definite
singular plural singular plural
1/2 we be owe abe
3/4 gwe ye ogwe eye
5/6 lye ge erye age
7/8 kye bye ekye ebye
9/10 ye ze eye eze
11/10 rwe orwe
12/14 ke bwe ake obwe
13 — twe — otwe
14/6 bwe ge obwe age
15/6 kwe okwe
16 he — ahe —
18 mwe omwe

See also

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Tooro personal pronouns
class person independent possessive subject
concord 		object
concord 		combined forms
na ni
class 1 first nyowe, nye -ange n- -n- nanyowe, nanye ninyowe, ninye
second iwe -awe o- -ku- naiwe niiwe
third uwe -e a- -mu- nawe nuwe
class 2 first itwe -aitu tu- -tu- naitwe niitwe
second inywe -anyu mu- -ba- nainywe niinywe
third abo -abo ba- -ba- nabo nubo
class 3 gwo -agwo gu- -gu- nagwo nugwo
class 4 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
class 5 lyo -alyo li- -li- nalyo niryo
class 6 go -ago ga- -ga- nago nugo
class 7 kyo -akyo ki- -ki- nakyo nikyo
class 8 byo -abyo bi- -bi- nabyo nibyo
class 9 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
class 10 zo -azo zi- -zi- nazo nizo
class 11 rwo -arwo ru- -ru- narwo nurwo
class 12 ko -ako ka- -ka- nako nuko
class 13 two -atwo tu- -tu- natwo nutwo
class 14 bwo -abwo bu- -bu- nabwo nubwo
class 15 kwo -akwo ku- -ku- nakwo nukwo
class 16 ho -aho ha- -ha- naho nuho
class 17 (kwo) N/A ha-
(...-yo) 		-ha- N/A nukwo
class 18 (mwo) -amwo ha-
(...-mu) 		-ha- N/A numwo
reflexive -enyini, -onyini — -e- —

References

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  • Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[16], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 420

Turkish

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

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Noun

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e

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

See also

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Turkmen

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

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Tuvaluan

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle

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e

  1. present tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb

Vietnamese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Portuguese é.

Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The eighth letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

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Noun

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e

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

Etymology 2

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Compare Pacoh e (“to guard, to watch over”).

Verb

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e • (衣, 㥋, 𢙬, 𠵱, 𠲖, 依)

  1. to fear; to be apprehensive, to be afraid
    Tôi e cô ta không đến.
    I am afraid she will not come.
  2. to be slightly ashamed
See also
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Etymology 3

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Pronoun

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e

  1. (slang, Internet, text messaging) Abbreviation of em.

References

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Vilamovian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Middle High German ei, from Old High German ei. Cognate with German Ei.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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e n

  1. egg

Volapük

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Alternative forms

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  • (before a vowel) ed

Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction

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e

  1. and
    • 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 12:
      Liegikans e pöfikans binons deadöfiks.
      Rich people and poor people are mortal.
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Welsh

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Etymology 1

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Alternative forms

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  • (with grave accent to indicate otherwise unpredictable short vowel): è
  • (with acute accent to indicate unusually stressed short vowel): é
  • (with circumflex to indicate otherwise unpredictable or unusually stressed long vowel): ê
  • (with diaeresis to indicate disyllabicity): ë

Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The seventh letter of the Welsh alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by dd and followed by f.
Mutation
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  • e cannot be mutated but, being a vowel, does take h-prothesis, for example with the word eliffant (“elephant”):
Mutated forms of eliffant
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
eliffant unchanged unchanged heliffant

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Derived terms
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See also
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Noun

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e f (plural eau)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

Mutation

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Mutated forms of e
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
e unchanged unchanged he

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

See also

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Etymology 2

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Reduction of literary ef

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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e

  1. he, him
Usage notes
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E is used predominantly in the south of Wales, while o is used in the north, with fe and fo as variants of e and o respectively. In formal Welsh, the equivalent pronoun is ef.

West Makian

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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e

  1. (transitive) to fetch
  2. (transitive) to take

Conjugation

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Conjugation of e (action verb)
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person tee mee ae
2nd person nee fee
3rd person inanimate ie dee
animate
imperative nee, e fee, e

References

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  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[17], Pacific linguistics

Yele

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e

  1. A letter of the Yele alphabet.

Derived terms

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  • The digraph ⟨ee⟩ transcribes the long vowel /ɛː/
  • The digraph ⟨꞉e⟩ transcribes the nasal vowel /ɛ̃/
  • The trigraph ⟨꞉ee⟩ transcribes the long nasal vowel /ɛ̃ː/

See also

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Yola

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Article

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e

  1. Alternative form of a (“one”)
    • 1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 11:
      Fan the loughraan itzel feight e big bawl,
      When the ghost itself gave a loud bawl,

References

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  • Kathleen A. Browne (1927) “THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD.”, in Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of lreland (Sixth Series)‎[18], volume 17, number 2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 132

Yoruba

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fourth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called é and written in the Latin script.

Noun

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é

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

See also

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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e

  1. him, her, it (third-person singular object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a high-tone /e/)

Pronoun

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é

  1. him, her, it (third-person singular object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a low- or mid-tone /e/)

Zazaki

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Interjection

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e

  1. yes

Particle

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e

  1. yes

Antonyms

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Zulu

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Letter

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e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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