八
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han characterEdit
八 (Kangxi radical 12, 八+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 竹人 (HO), four-corner 80000, composition ⿰丿乀(GHT) or ⿰丿乁(JKV))
- Kangxi radical #12, ⼋.
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №16
Usage notesEdit
Minor strokes in the shape of 八 or 丷, as in the top of 𠔉 and 龹, can be referred by this radical (but in many cases, it is a false friend). These are often written as 丷 in modern texts. Compare 卷/卷, and different forms of 鬲/鬲.
Derived charactersEdit
- Appendix:Chinese radical/八
- 仈, 叭, 𫭗, 𡚭, 扒, 汃, 𤜞, 朳, 𣱺, 𬌙, 玐, 𦘩, 𭾘, 𥐙, 𧘋, 𬖍, 𦓧, 𧈢, 𧴩, 𧺍, 趴, 釟(𫓥), 𩡩, 𩵒, 𫙈, 𫐴, 𥻋, 𪗔
- 尣, 𡯂, 分, 㕣, 𡉀, 䏌, 𠬬, 兌, 谷, 𥾈, 𦔯, 𧯚, 𠭦, 𣼪, 𩰕, 只, 穴, 䒔, 𤴭, 𦉵, 𡨄, 𩫵
DescendantsEdit
- ハ (Katakana character derived from man'yōgana)
Further readingEdit
- KangXi: page 126, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1450
- Dae Jaweon: page 274, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 241, character 3
- Unihan data for U+516B
ChineseEdit
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 八 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Hanjian (compiled in Song) | Guwen Sishengyun (compiled in Song) | Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | Libian (compiled in Qing) | Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Transcribed ancient scripts | Transcribed ancient scripts | Transcribed ancient scripts | Clerical script | Ming typeface | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Ideogrammic compound (會意): 八 is two bent lines indicating the original meaning of "to divide". This character is later borrowed to mean "eight" because of homonymy, making the original meaning obsolete (now represented by 分 and 別).
Etymology 1Edit
trad. | 八 | |
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simp. # | 八 | |
alternative forms | 捌 financial |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gjat (“eight”). Compare Tibetan བརྒྱད (brgyad).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
八
- eight
- many, numerous
- (printing) pearl; The smallest size of usual type, standardized as 5 point.
- Short for 八卦 (bāguà).
- a surname
See alsoEdit
Chinese numbers | ||||||||||||||||
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 108 | 1012 | |
Normal (小寫/小写) |
〇, 零 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬/万 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) |
億/亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億/万亿 (Mainland China) |
Financial (大寫/大写) |
零 | 壹 | 貳/贰 | 參/叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸/陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 |
CompoundsEdit
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DescendantsEdit
Others:
- → Proto-Tai: *peːtᴰ (“eight”)
Etymology 2Edit
trad. | 八 | |
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simp. # | 八 |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brat (“cut apart, cut open”). Cognate to 別/别 (bié).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
八
- † to divide; to differentiate
Etymology 3Edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 八 – see 捌 (“to know”). (This character, 八, is a variant form of 捌.) |
JapaneseEdit
< 7 | 8 | 9 > |
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Cardinal : 八 | ||
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: はち (hachi, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: はつ (hatsu)
- Kun: や (ya, 八, Jōyō); やつ (yatsu, 八つ, Jōyō); やっつ (yattsu, 八つ, Jōyō); よう (yō, 八, Jōyō †)←やう (yau, historical)
- Nanori: な (na); は (ha); はっ (wa'); はつ (hatsu); やち (yachi); やつ (yatsu)
CompoundsEdit
- 一八 (ichihatsu)
- 永字八法 (Eiji Happō, “the Eight Principles of Yong”)
- 間八 (kanpachi)
- 尺八 (shakuhachi)
- 八橋 (yatsuhachi)
- 八手 (yatsude)
- 八切 (yatsugiri)
- 八角形 (hakkakkei, “octagon”)
- 八掛 (hakkake)
- 七転八起 (shichiten hakki)
- 八九分 (hakkubu)
- 四苦八苦 (shiku hakku)
- 八苦 (hakku)
- 八卦 (hakke)
- 八月 (hachigatsu, “August”)
- 八紘 (hakkō)
- 八荒 (hakkō)
- 八朔 (hassaku)
- 八字髭 (hachijihige)
- 八州 (hasshō)
- 八重 (yae)
- 八丈 (hachijō)
- 八丈島 (hachijōjima)
- 八達 (hattatsu)
- 八丁 (hasshō)
- 八潮路 (yashioji)
- 七転八倒 (shichiten-battō)
- 八道 (hachidō)
- 八日 (yōka)
- 八幡 (hachiman)
- 八分 (happun)
- 八辺形 (hachihengei, “octagon”)
- 八宝菜 (happōsai)
- 八方 (happō)
- 八面 (hachimen)
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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八 |
はち Grade: 1 |
goon |
From Middle Chinese 八 (MC pˠat̚). The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
NounEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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八 |
や Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
The ablaut form of 四 (yo, “four”), which it doubles. From Old Japanese 八 (ya), from Proto-Japonic *ya.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Related termsEdit
Coordinate termsEdit
Japanese numbers | |||||||||||
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
Regular | 零 (rei) 零 (zero) |
一 (ichi) | 二 (ni) | 三 (san) | 四 (yon) 四 (shi) |
五 (go) | 六 (roku) | 七 (nana) 七 (shichi) |
八 (hachi) | 九 (kyū) 九 (ku) |
十 (jū) |
Formal | 壱 (ichi) | 弐 (ni) | 参 (san) | 拾 (jū) | |||||||
90 | 100 | 300 | 600 | 800 | 1,000 | 3,000 | 8,000 | 10,000 | 100,000,000 | ||
Regular | 九十 (kyūjū) | 百 (hyaku) 一百 (ippyaku) |
三百 (sanbyaku) | 六百 (roppyaku) | 八百 (happyaku) | 千 (sen) 一千 (issen) |
三千 (sanzen) | 八千 (hassen) | 一万 (ichiman) | 一億 (ichioku) | |
Formal | 一萬 (ichiman) | ||||||||||
1012 | 8×1012 | 1013 | 1016 | 6×1016 | 8×1016 | 1017 | 1018 | ||||
一兆 (itchō) | 八兆 (hatchō) | 十兆 (jutchō) | 一京 (ikkei) | 六京 (rokkei) | 八京 (hakkei) | 十京 (jukkei) | 百京 (hyakkei) |
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
80 | ||
← 7 | 8 | 9 → |
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Native isol.: 여덟 (yeodeol) Native attr.: 여덟 (yeodeol) Sino-Korean: 팔 (pal) Hanja: 八 Ordinal: 여덟째 (yeodeoljjae) |
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 八 (MC pˠat̚).
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 바ᇙ〮 (Yale: pálq) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | 여듧 (Yale: yètùlp) | 팔 (Yale: phál) |
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 여ᄃᆞᆲ (Yale: yetolp) | 팔 (Yale: phal) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pʰa̠ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [팔]
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
- 팔방 (八方, palbang)
- 팔자 (八字, palja)
- 팔식 (八識, palsik)
- 팔고 (八苦, palgo)
- 팔순 (八旬, palsun)
- 팔팔십 (達八十, palpalsip)
- 팔불용 (八不用, palburyong)
- 칠전팔기 (七顚八起, chiljeonpalgi)
- 십중팔구 (十中八九, sipjungpalgu)
- 팔방미인 (八方美人, palbangmiin)
- 백팔번뇌 (百八煩惱, baekpalbeonnoe)
- 사고팔고 (四苦八苦, sagopalgo)
- 팔면육비 (八面六臂, palmyeonyukbi)
- 사각팔방 (四角八方, sagakpalbang)
- 관동팔경 (關東八景, gwandongpalgyeong)
- 사통팔달 (四通八達, satongpaldal)
- 이팔청춘 (二八靑春, ipalcheongchun)
- 구산팔해 (九山八海, gusanpalhae)
- 십상팔구 (十常八九, sipsangpalgu)
- 사방팔방 (四方八方, sabangpalbang)
- 사주팔자 (四柱八字, sajupalja)
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
八: Hán Việt readings: bát[1][2][3]
八: Nôm readings: bát[1][2], bắt[1][3], bớt[1]