Wiktionary

八

See also: 入, 丷, and ハ
八 U+516B, 八
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-516B
← 兪
[U+516A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 公 →
[U+516C]
⼋ U+2F0B, ⼋
KANGXI RADICAL EIGHT
← ⼊
[U+2F0A] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼌ →
[U+2F0C]
㈧ U+3227, ㈧
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH EIGHT
← ㈦
[U+3226] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㈨ →
[U+3228]
㊇ U+3287, ㊇
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH EIGHT
← ㊆
[U+3286] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊈ →
[U+3288]
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八

Translingual

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Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character

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See images of
Radical 12 八

八 (Kangxi radical 12, 八+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 竹人 (HO), four-corner 80000, composition ⿰丿乀(GHT) or ⿰丿乁(JKV))

  1. Kangxi radical #12, ⼋.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №16

Usage notes

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Minor strokes in the shape of 八 or 丷, as in the top of 𠔉 and 龹, can be referred by this radical (but in many cases, it is a false friend). These are often written as 丷 in modern texts. Compare 卷/卷, and different forms of 鬲/鬲.

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

Descendants

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 126, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1450
  • Dae Jaweon: page 274, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 241, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+516B

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 八
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Hanjian (compiled in Song) Guwen Sishengyun (compiled in Song) Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing) Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script Ming typeface
                             
 
j01414
 
j01415
 
j01416
 
j01417
 
j01418
 
j01419
 
j01420
 
j01421
 
j01422
 
j01423
 
j01424
 
b00933
 
b00934
 
b00935
 
b00936
 
b00937
 
b00938
 
b00939
 
b00940
 
b00941
 
b00942
 
b00943
 
b00944
 
b00945
 
b00946
 
b00947
 
b00948
 
b00949
 
s00788
Transcribed ancient scripts
 
L26490
 
L26491
 
L26492
 
L26493
 
L26494
 
L26495
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (八) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
扒 *preːds, *preːd, *pred
八 *preːd
𩡩 *preːd
朳 *preːd
玐 *preːd
釟 *preːd
汃 *pʰreːd, *prɯn

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 八 is two bent lines indicating the original meaning of "to divide". This character is later borrowed to mean "eight" because of homonymy, making the original meaning obsolete (now represented by 分 and 別).

Unrelated to the bottom part of 兵, 共, 具, and 兴, in which it represents two hands holding an object. Also unrelated to 只 and 兑 in which it represents air coming out of a mouth. Unrelated to 貝. Eventually, unrelated to the bottom part of 其, 真, and 典, in which it represents the legs of a table.

Etymology 1

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trad. 八
simp. # 八
alternative forms 捌 financial

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pV-rjat (“eight”). Compare Tibetan བརྒྱད (brgyad).

Pronunciation

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Note: bá - a less common tone sandhi variant of 八 when it occurs before a departing-tone character, e.g. 八路 (Bālù).
Note:
  • be5/beh6 - vernacular;
  • bah6 - literary.
Note:
  • poeh/peh/piē - vernacular;
  • pat - literary.
Note: 1pa (Ningbo) - only in 王八.
Rime
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 鎋 (75)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 博拔切
Baxter peat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pəɨt̚/
Li
Rong 		/pɛt̚/
Wang
Li 		/pæt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ba
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		baat3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pɛt ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pˁret/
English eight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
No. 89
Phonetic
component 		八
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		八
Old
Chinese 		/*preːd/

Definitions

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八

  1. eight
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) many; numerous
    • 八方 (bāfāng, “all around; from every direction”)
  3. (printing) pearl (the smallest size of usual type, standardized as 5 point)
  4. Short for 八卦 (bāguà).
    1. to gossip (about); to stick one's nose in
    2. (Cantonese) nosey; meddling
      八婆 [Cantonese]  ―  baat3 po4 [Jyutping]  ―  nosey parker; meddling woman
  5. a surname, Ba
See also
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Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小寫 / 小写) 		〇, 零, 空 一, 蜀 二, 兩 / 两 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬 / 万,
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) 		百萬 / 百万,
桶(Philippines),
面桶 (Philippines) 		億 / 亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫 / 大写) 		零 壹 貳 / 贰 參 / 叁 肆 伍 陸 / 陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (八):
  • → Japanese: 八(はち) (hachi)
  • → Korean: 팔(八) (pal)
  • → Vietnamese: bát (八)

Others:

Etymology 2

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trad. 八
simp. # 八

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brat (“cut apart, cut open”). Cognate to 別／别 (bié).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 鎋 (75)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 博拔切
Baxter peat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pəɨt̚/
Li
Rong 		/pɛt̚/
Wang
Li 		/pæt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ba
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		baat3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pɛt ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pˁret/
English eight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
No. 89
Phonetic
component 		八
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		八
Old
Chinese 		/*preːd/

Definitions

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八

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to divide; to differentiate

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 八 – see 捌 (“to know”).
(This character is a variant form of 捌).

References

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Japanese

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Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  7 8 9  > 
    Cardinal : 八

Kanji

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八

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Derived terms

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
八
はち
Grade: 1
goon
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From Middle Chinese 八 (MC peat). Compare literary Hokkien 八 (pat), Hakka 八 (pat).

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) はち [hàchíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
  • IPA(key): [ha̠t͡ɕi]
  • Audio:(file)

Numeral

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八(はち) • (hachi) 

  1. eight, 8

Noun

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八(はち) • (hachi) 

  1. eight
  2. Short for 八の字.
  3. Short for 八兵衛.

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
八
や
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese 八 (ya), from Proto-Japonic *ya.

The ablaut form of 四 (yo, “four”), which it doubles. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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八(や) • (ya) 

  1. eight
Derived terms
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Coordinate terms

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v • d • e
Japanese numbers
NumberKanjiKanaRomaji
0零れい、ゼロrei, zero
1一、壱、弌、壹いちichi
2二、弐、貳、貮にni
3三、参さんsan
4四、肆よん、しyon, shi
5五、伍ごgo
6六、陸ろくroku
7七、漆なな、しちnana, shichi
8八、捌はちhachi
9九、玖きゅう、くkyū, ku
10十、拾じゅうjū
100百、陌、佰ひゃくhyaku
1,000千、阡、仟せんsen
10,000一万、万、一萬、萬いちまん、まんichiman, man
100,000,000一億、億いちおく、おくichioku, oku

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Korean numbers (edit)
80
 ←  7 8 9  → 
    Native isol.: 여덟 (yeodeol)
    Native attr.: 여덟 (yeodeol)
    Sino-Korean: 팔 (pal)
    Hanja: 八
    Ordinal: 여덟째 (yeodeoljjae)

Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 八 (MC peat).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 바ᇙ〮 (Yale: pálq)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 여듧 (Yale: yètùlp) 팔 (Yale: phál)
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 여ᄃᆞᆲ (Yale: yetolp) 팔 (Yale: phal)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

八 (eumhun 여덟 팔 (yeodeol pal))

  1. hanja form? of 팔 (“eight”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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八: Hán Việt readings: bát[1][2][3]
八: Nôm readings: bát[1][2], bắt[1][3], bớt[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of bát.
    1. eight, octo- (Sino-Vietnamese compounds)
    2. Kangxi radical 12—‘eight’

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
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