See also: , , and
U+516B, 八
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-516B

[U+516A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+516C]
U+2F0B, ⼋
KANGXI RADICAL EIGHT

[U+2F0A]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F0C]
U+3227, ㈧
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH EIGHT

[U+3226]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+3228]
U+3287, ㊇
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH EIGHT

[U+3286]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+3288]
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Translingual

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Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 12, +0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 竹人 (HO), four-corner 80000, composition 丿(GHT) or 丿(JKV))

  1. Kangxi radical #12, .
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №16

Usage notes

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Minor strokes in the shape of or , as in the top of 𠔉 and , can be referred by this radical (but in many cases, it is a false friend). These are often written as in modern texts. Compare /, and different forms of /.

Derived characters

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Descendants

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 126, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1450
  • Dae Jaweon: page 274, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 241, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+516B

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Hanjian (compiled in Song) Guwen Sishengyun (compiled in Song) Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing) Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script Ming typeface
                             



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 八 is two bent lines indicating the original meaning of "to divide". This character is later borrowed to mean "eight" because of homonymy, making the original meaning obsolete (now represented by and ).

Unrelated to the bottom part of , , , and , in which it represents two hands holding an object. Also unrelated to and in which it represents air coming out of a mouth. Unrelated to . Eventually, unrelated to the bottom part of , , and , in which it represents the legs of a table.

Etymology 1

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms financial

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pV-rjat (eight). Compare Tibetan བརྒྱད (brgyad).

Pronunciation

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Note: bá - a less common tone sandhi variant of 八 when it occurs before a departing-tone character, e.g. 八路 (Bālù).
Note:
  • be5/beh6 - vernacular;
  • bah6 - literary.
Note:
  • poeh/peh/piē - vernacular;
  • pat - literary.
Note: 1pa (Ningbo) - only in 王八.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (1)
Final () (75)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter peat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/pᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/pæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/pəɨt̚/
Li
Rong
/pɛt̚/
Wang
Li
/pæt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/pat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ba
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
baat3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ pɛt ›
Old
Chinese
/*pˁret/
English eight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 89
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*preːd/

Definitions

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  1. eight
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) many; numerous
    • 八方 (bāfāng, “all around; from every direction”)
  3. (printing) pearl (the smallest size of usual type, standardized as 5 point)
  4. Short for 八卦 (bāguà).
    1. to gossip (about); to stick one's nose in
    2. (Cantonese) nosey; meddling
      [Cantonese]  ―  baat3 po4 [Jyutping]  ―  nosey parker; meddling woman
  5. a surname, Ba
See also
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Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小寫 / 小写)
, , , ,  /  / ,
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)
百萬 / 百万,
(Philippines),
面桶 (Philippines)
 / 亿 (Taiwan)
萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫 / 大写)
 /  /  /

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (はち) (hachi)
  • Korean: 팔(八) (pal)
  • Vietnamese: bát ()

Others:

Etymology 2

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trad.
simp. #

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brat (cut apart, cut open). Cognate to (bié).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (1)
Final () (75)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter peat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/pᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/pæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/pəɨt̚/
Li
Rong
/pɛt̚/
Wang
Li
/pæt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/pat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ba
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
baat3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ pɛt ›
Old
Chinese
/*pˁret/
English eight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 89
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*preːd/

Definitions

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  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to divide; to differentiate

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to know”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

References

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Japanese

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Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  7 8 9  > 
    Cardinal :

Kanji

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(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
はち
Grade: 1
goon
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From Middle Chinese (MC peat). Compare literary Hokkien (pat), Hakka (pat).

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) [hàchíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
  • IPA(key): [ha̠t͡ɕi]
  • Audio:(file)

Numeral

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(はち) (hachi

  1. eight, 8

Noun

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(はち) (hachi

  1. eight
  2. Short for 八の.
  3. Short for 八兵衛.

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese (ya), from Proto-Japonic *ya.

The ablaut form of (yo, four), which it doubles. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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() (ya

  1. eight
Derived terms
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Coordinate terms

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Japanese numbers
NumberKanjiKanaRomaji
0れい、ゼロrei, zero
1いちichi
2ni
3さんsan
4よん、しyon, shi
5go
6ろくroku
7なな、しちnana, shichi
8はちhachi
9きゅう、くkyū, ku
10じゅう
100ひゃくhyaku
1,000せんsen
10,000一万一萬いちまん、まんichiman, man
100,000,000一億いちおく、おくichioku, oku

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Korean numbers (edit)
80
 ←  7 8 9  → 
    Native isol.: 여덟 (yeodeol)
    Native attr.: 여덟 (yeodeol)
    Sino-Korean: (pal)
    Hanja:
    Ordinal: 여덟째 (yeodeoljjae)

Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC peat).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 바ᇙ〮 (Yale: pálq)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 여듧 (Yale: yètùlp) (Yale: phál)
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 여ᄃᆞᆲ (Yale: yetolp) (Yale: phal)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 여덟 (yeodeol pal))

  1. hanja form? of (eight)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: bát[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: bát[1][2], bắt[1][3], bớt[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of bát.
    1. eight, octo- (Sino-Vietnamese compounds)
    2. Kangxi radical 12—‘eight

Compounds

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References

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