Wiktionary

八

See also: 入, 丷, and ハ
八 U+516B, 八
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-516B
← 兪
[U+516A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 公 →
[U+516C]
⼋ U+2F0B, ⼋
KANGXI RADICAL EIGHT
← ⼊
[U+2F0A] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼌ →
[U+2F0C]
㈧ U+3227, ㈧
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH EIGHT
← ㈦
[U+3226] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㈨ →
[U+3228]
㊇ U+3287, ㊇
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH EIGHT
← ㊆
[U+3286] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊈ →
[U+3288]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 12 八

八 (Kangxi radical 12, 八+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 竹人 (HO), four-corner 80000, composition ⿰丿乀(GHT) or ⿰丿乁(JKV))

  1. Kangxi radical #12, ⼋.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №16

Usage notesEdit

Minor strokes in the shape of 八 or 丷, as in the top of 𠔉 and 龹, can be referred by this radical (but in many cases, it is a false friend). These are often written as 丷 in modern texts. Compare 卷/卷, and different forms of 鬲/鬲.

Derived charactersEdit

DescendantsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • KangXi: page 126, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1450
  • Dae Jaweon: page 274, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 241, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+516B

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 八
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Hanjian (compiled in Song) Guwen Sishengyun (compiled in Song) Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing) Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script Ming typeface
                             
Oracle bone script
 

j01414

 

j01415

 

j01416

 

j01417

 

j01418

 

j01419

 

j01420

 

j01421

 

j01422

 

j01423

 

j01424

Bronze inscriptions
 

b00933

 

b00934

 

b00935

 

b00936

 

b00937

 

b00938

 

b00939

 

b00940

 

b00941

 

b00942

 

b00943

 

b00944

 

b00945

 

b00946

 

b00947

 

b00948

 

b00949

Small seal script
 

s00788

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L26490

 

L26491

 

L26492

 

L26493

 

L26494

 

L26495

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (八) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
扒 *preːds, *preːd, *pred
八 *preːd
𩡩 *preːd
朳 *preːd
玐 *preːd
釟 *preːd
汃 *pʰreːd, *prɯn

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 八 is two bent lines indicating the original meaning of "to divide". This character is later borrowed to mean "eight" because of homonymy, making the original meaning obsolete (now represented by 分 and 別).

Etymology 1Edit

trad. 八
simp. # 八
alternative forms 捌 financial

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gjat (“eight”). Compare Tibetan བརྒྱད (brgyad).

PronunciationEdit

Note: bá - a less common tone sandhi variant of 八 when it occurs before a departing-tone character, e.g. 八路 (Bālù).
Note:
  • poeh/peh/piē - vernacular;
  • pat - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 八
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 山 (71)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 博拔切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pˠat̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pᵚat̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/pɐt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/paɨt̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/pat̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/pat̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/păt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		ba
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		baat3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 八
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		bā
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ pɛt ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pˁret/
    English eight

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 八
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 89
    Phonetic
    component         		八
    Rime
    group         		月
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		八
    Old
    Chinese         		/*preːd/

    DefinitionsEdit

    八

    1. eight
    2. many, numerous
    3. (printing) pearl; The smallest size of usual type, standardized as 5 point.
    4. Short for 八卦 (bāguà).
      1. to gossip (about); to stick one's nose in
      2. (Cantonese) nosey; meddling
        八婆 [Cantonese]  ―  baat3 po4 [Jyutping]  ―  nosey parker; meddling woman
    5. a surname
    See alsoEdit
    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫／小写)     		〇, 零 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万
    十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)     		億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
    萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫／大写)     		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 八

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic (八):
    • → Japanese: 八(はち) (hachi)
    • → Korean: 팔(八) (pal)
    • → Vietnamese: bát (八)

    Others:

    Etymology 2Edit

    trad. 八
    simp. # 八

    From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brat (“cut apart, cut open”). Cognate to 別／别 (bié).

    PronunciationEdit

    Rime
    Character 八
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 山 (71)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 博拔切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pˠat̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pᵚat̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/pɐt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/paɨt̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/pat̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/pat̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/păt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		ba
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		baat3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 八
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		bā
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ pɛt ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pˁret/
    English eight

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 八
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 89
    Phonetic
    component         		八
    Rime
    group         		月
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		八
    Old
    Chinese         		/*preːd/

    DefinitionsEdit

    八

    1. † to divide; to differentiate

    Etymology 3Edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of 八 – see 捌 (“to know”).
    (This character, 八, is a variant form of 捌.)

    JapaneseEdit

    Japanese cardinal numbers
     <  7 8 9  > 
        Cardinal : 八

    KanjiEdit

    八

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    八
    はち
    Grade: 1
    goon
     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    From Middle Chinese 八 (MC pˠat̚). The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.

    PronunciationEdit

    NumeralEdit

    八(はち) • (hachi) 

    1. eight, 8

    NounEdit

    八(はち) • (hachi) 

    1. eight
    2. Short for 八の字.
    3. Short for 八兵衛.

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    八
    や
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    The ablaut form of 四 (yo, “four”), which it doubles. From Old Japanese 八 (ya), from Proto-Japonic *ya.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    八(や) • (ya) 

    1. eight
    Related termsEdit

    Coordinate termsEdit

    Japanese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    Regular 零(れい) (rei)
    零(ゼロ) (zero)     		一(いち) (ichi) 二(に) (ni) 三(さん) (san) 四(よん) (yon)
    四(し) (shi)     		五(ご) (go) 六(ろく) (roku) 七(なな) (nana)
    七(しち) (shichi)     		八(はち) (hachi) 九(きゅう) (kyū)
    九(く) (ku)     		十(じゅう) (jū)
    Formal 壱(いち) (ichi) 弐(に) (ni) 参(さん) (san) 拾(じゅう) (jū)
    90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
    Regular 九(きゅう)十(じゅう) (kyūjū) 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
    一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)     		三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千(せん) (sen)
    一(いっ)千(せん) (issen)     		三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen) 八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen) 一(いち)万(まん) (ichiman) 一(いち)億(おく) (ichioku)
    Formal 一(いち)萬(まん) (ichiman)
    1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
    一(いっ)兆(ちょう) (itchō) 八(はっ)兆(ちょう) (hatchō) 十(じゅっ)兆(ちょう) (jutchō) 一(いっ)京(けい) (ikkei) 六(ろっ)京(けい) (rokkei) 八(はっ)京(けい) (hakkei) 十(じゅっ)京(けい) (jukkei) 百(ひゃっ)京(けい) (hyakkei)

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    Korean numbers (edit)
    80
     ←  7 8 9  → 
        Native isol.: 여덟 (yeodeol)
        Native attr.: 여덟 (yeodeol)
        Sino-Korean: 팔 (pal)
        Hanja: 八
        Ordinal: 여덟째 (yeodeoljjae)

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese 八 (MC pˠat̚).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 바ᇙ〮 (Yale: pálq)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 여듧 (Yale: yètùlp) 팔 (Yale: phál)
    Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 여ᄃᆞᆲ (Yale: yetolp) 팔 (Yale: phal)

    PronunciationEdit

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    八, eumhun 여덟 팔 (yeodeol pal)

    1. Hanja form? of 팔 (“eight”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    八: Hán Việt readings: bát[1][2][3]
    八: Nôm readings: bát[1][2], bắt[1][3], bớt[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of bát (“eight, octo- (Sino-Vietnamese compounds)”).

    Derived termsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=八&oldid=71756057"