鴻雁

See also: 鸿雁

Chinese edit

		{{vern\|eastern bean goose}}; great; large	wild goose
trad. (鴻雁/鴻鴈)		鴻	雁/鴈
simp. (鸿雁)		鸿	雁

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hóngyàn

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hung⁴ ngaan⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hóngyàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hóngyàn
  - Wade–Giles: hung²-yen⁴
  - Yale: húng-yàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horngyann
  - Palladius: хунъянь (xunʺjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xʊŋ³⁵ jɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hung⁴ ngaan⁶
  - Yale: hùhng ngaahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hung⁴ ngaan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hung⁴ ngan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ²¹ ŋaːn²²/

Middle Chinese: huwng ngaenH

Rime
Character	鴻	雁
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	戸公切	五晏切
Baxter	huwng	ngaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuŋ/	/ŋˠan^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuŋ/	/ŋᵚan^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuŋ/	/ŋɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəwŋ/	/ŋaɨn^H/
Li Rong	/ɣuŋ/	/ŋan^H/
Wang Li	/ɣuŋ/	/ŋan^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuŋ/	/ŋan^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hóng	yàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hung⁴	ngaan⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤoŋ C.[ŋ]ˤrar-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːŋ ŋraːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鴻	雁
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hóng	yàn
Middle Chinese	‹ huwng ›	‹ ngæn^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁoŋ/	/*C.[ŋ]ˁrar-s/
English	kind of wild goose	wild goose
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鴻	雁
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	4061	14436
Phonetic component	工	雁
Rime group	東	元
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	洪	鴈
Old Chinese	/*ɡoːŋ/	/*ŋraːns/
Notes		說文廠聲

Noun edit

鴻雁

swan goose
- 鴻雁于飛，集于中澤。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  鸿雁于飞，集于中泽。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Hóngyàn yú fēi, jí yú zhōng zé. [Pinyin]
  The wild geese are flying about; and they settle in the midst of the marsh.
(literary, figurative) refugee; displaced people
(literary, figurative) letter
(literary, figurative) brother

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 大雁 (“swan goose”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		鴻雁, 鴻
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		雁, 大雁, 鴻雁
Mandarin	Beijing	大雁
	Tianjin	大雁
	Chengde	大雁
	Tangshan	大雁
	Cangzhou	大雁
	Baoding	大雁
	Shijiazhuang	大雁
	Chifeng	大雁
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	大雁
	Heihe	大雁, 雁
	Qiqihar	大雁
	Harbin	大雁, 雁
	Jiamusi	大雁
	Baicheng	大雁
	Changchun	大雁
	Tonghua	大雁
	Shenyang	大雁, 雁
	Dandong	大雁, 雁
	Jinzhou	大雁, 雁
	Dalian	大雁
	Yantai	大雁
	Yantai (Muping)	老雁
	Qingdao	雁
	Lijin	大雁, 雁
	Zhucheng	大雁
	Jinan	大雁, 雁
	Jining	大雁, 雁
	Luoyang	大雁, 雁
	Wanrong	雁
	Shangqiu	大雁
	Yuanyang	大雁, 雁
	Zhengzhou	雁
	Lingbao	雁
	Xinyang	大雁
	Baihe	大雁
	Hanzhong	大雁, 雁
	Xi'an	大雁
	Baoji	大雁
	Yinchuan	大雁, 雁
	Tianshui	大雁
	Lanzhou	雁
	Dunhuang	咕嚕雁
	Xining	咕嚕雁, 雁兒
	Hami	雁
	Ürümqi	大雁, 雁
	Wuhan	大雁, 雁
	Yichang	大雁, 雁
	Xiangyang	大雁, 雁
	Tianmen	大雁, 雁
	Hong'an	雁鵝, 雁
	Chengdu	大雁, 雁鵝
	Nanchong	雁
	Dazhou	雁鵝
	Hanyuan	雁鵝
	Xichang	雁鵝, 雁
	Zigong	雁鵝
	Chongqing	雁鵝
	Guiyang	雁鵝, 大雁
	Zunyi	雁鵝, 大雁
	Bijie	雁鵝
	Liping	大雁
	Zhaotong	雁鵝
	Dali	大雁
	Kunming	大雁, 雁
Mengzi	大雁
Guilin	大雁, 雁鵝
Liuzhou	大雁
Jishou	大雁
Changde	雁鵝
Anqing	雁
Xuzhou	大雁
Fuyang	大雁, 雁
Wuhu	雁
Yangzhou	大雁
Lianyungang	大雁
Lianshui	雁
Nanjing	雁子, 大雁子, 大雁
Hefei	大雁
Nantong	雁
Mae Salong (Lancang)	大雁
Mae Sai (Tengchong)	大雁
Cantonese	Hong Kong	雁
	Dongguan	雁鵝, 雁
	Beihai	雁
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	大雁
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	大雁
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	雁
	Móng Cái	雁鵝
Gan	Nanchang	雁鵝
	Lichuan	雁
	Pingxiang	雁鵝
Hakka	Meixian	雁鵝
	Yudu	雁鵝
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	雁
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	雁
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	雁
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	雁
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	雁
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	雁
Huizhou	Jixi	雁
Huizhou	Shexian	雁
Jin	Taiyuan	大雁, 雁
	Yangyuan	大雁, 雁
	Datong	大雁, 雁
	Xinzhou	雁兒
	Lishi	雁
	Linfen	大雁, 雁
	Changzhi	大雁, 雁
	Linhe	大雁
	Jining	大雁
	Hohhot	大雁, 雁
	Erenhot	大雁
	Pingshan	大雁, 雁
	Zhangjiakou	大雁
	Handan	大雁, 雁
	Linzhou	大雁
	Suide	雁
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	雁
Southern Min	Shantou	雁鵝
	Leizhou	雁鳥, 鵠鶴
	Haikou	雁鳥, 雁
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	雁
Wu	Shanghai	大雁, 雁鵝
	Danyang	雁
	Hangzhou	雁鵝
	Ningbo	雁鵝
	Zhoushan	雁鵝
Xiang	Changsha	雁子, 雁鵝
Xiang	Loudi	雁, 雁阿

Derived terms edit

鴻雁傳書／鸿雁传书 (hóngyànchuánshū)
鴻雁哀鳴／鸿雁哀鸣 (hóngyàn'āimíng)

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (鴻雁):

→ Japanese: 鴻雁(こうがん) (kōgan)
→ Korean: 홍안(鴻雁) (hong'an)

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
鴻	雁
こう Jinmeiyō	がん Jinmeiyō
kan’on

Noun edit

鴻(こう)雁(がん) • (kōgan)

(literary) wild geese