Wiktionary

說

See also: 説 and 说
說 U+8AAA, 說
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AAA
← 誩
[U+8AA9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 誫 →
[U+8AAB]
說 U+F96F, 說
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F96F
← 葉
[U+F96E] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 殺 →
[U+F970]
說 U+F9A1, 說
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A1
← 裂
[U+F9A0] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 廉 →
[U+F9A2]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Traditional 說
Shinjitai 説
Simplified 说

Han character edit

說 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口金口山 (YRCRU), four-corner 08616, composition ⿰訁兌)

Derived characters edit

Related characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1164, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35556
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1629, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 6, page 3979, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+8AAA

Chinese edit

trad. 說/説
simp. 说

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 說
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
   
Characters in the same phonetic series (兌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
毤 *l̥ʰoːds
蛻 *l'oːds, *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods, *lod, *lod
娧 *l̥ʰoːds, *lod
駾 *l̥ʰoːds
裞 *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods
兌 *l'oːds
綐 *l'oːds
銳 *l'oːds, *lods
帨 *stʰods, *hljods
稅 *hljods
說 *hljods, *hljod, *lod
涚 *hljods
䫄 *rtʰoːd
脫 *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
侻 *l̥ʰoːd
挩 *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
莌 *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
梲 *l̥ʰoːd, *ʔljod, *l̥ʰuːd
鮵 *l'oːd
敓 *l'oːd
痥 *l'oːd
悅 *lod, *lod
閱 *lod

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljods, *hljod, *lod) : semantic 言 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).

Etymology edit

All of the pronunciations of this character are in the same word family derived from a root *lo meaning “to loosen; to relax” (Schuessler, 2007). STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”).

Pronunciation 1 is derived by causative devoicing of 悅 (OC *lod, “to relax; to be delighted”) (pronunciation 3).

Pronunciation 2 is probably the exoactive of pronunciation 1.

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note: шә - dialectal.
Note:
  • seh/serh/soeh - vernacular;
  • soat - literary.
Rime
Character 說
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 仙 (82)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 失爇切
Baxter sywet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕiuᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕʷiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕjuæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕwiat̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiuɛt̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭuɛt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯wɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shuo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		syut3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 說
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shuō
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sywet ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ot/
English speak, explain

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 說
Reading # 2/3
No. 2571
Phonetic
component 		兑
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		說
Old
Chinese 		/*hljod/

Definitions edit

說

  1. to say; to speak
    說漢語／说汉语  ―  shuō Hànyǔ  ―  speak Chinese
    說話／说话  ―  shuōhuà  ―  to speak
    這就是我所說的。 [MSC, trad.]
    这就是我所说的。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè jiù shì wǒ suǒ shuō de. [Pinyin]
    That’s what I said.
  2. to explain
    把話說清楚／把话说清楚  ―  bǎ huà shuō qīngchǔ  ―  to make it clear
  3. to refer to
    是說你，不是說他。 [MSC, trad.]
    是说你，不是说他。 [MSC, simp.]
    Shì shuō nǐ, bùshì shuō tā. [Pinyin]
    I am talking about you, not them.
  4. to discuss
    沒有好說的。／没有好说的。  ―  Méiyǒu hǎo shuō de.  ―  There is nothing to say.
  5. to introduce; to bring parties together
    說媒／说媒  ―  shuōméi  ―  to act as a matchmaker
  6. to criticize; to scold; to upbraid
    你怎麼天天都說我？ [MSC, trad.]
    你怎么天天都说我？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ zěnme tiāntiān dōu shuō wǒ? [Pinyin]
    Why do you constantly criticize me?
  7. to perform
    說相聲／说相声  ―  shuō xiàngshēng  ―  to perform cross-talk
  8. theory; explanation
    學說／学说  ―  xuéshuō  ―  theory
    假說／假说  ―  jiǎshuō  ―  hypothesis
Synonyms edit
  • (to say):
Dialectal synonyms of 說 (“to say, to speak”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 言, 云, 曰, 道
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 說, 道 literary
Mandarin Beijing 說
Taiwan 說, 講
Tianjin 說
Qingdao 說, 講
Jinan 說
Xi'an 說
Wuhan 說
Chengdu 說
Guilin 講
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 講
Hefei 講
Malaysia 說, 講
Singapore 說, 講
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 說
Pematangsiantar 講
Cantonese Guangzhou 講, 話
Hong Kong 講, 話
Macau 講, 話
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 講, 話
Zhuhai (Doumen) 講
Taishan 話
Taishan (Guanghai) 講
Yunfu 話
Yangjiang 講, 話
Beihai 講
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 講
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 講
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 講
Danzhou 講
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 講, 話
Penang (Guangfu) 講, 話
Singapore (Guangfu) 講, 話
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 講
Móng Cái 講
Mandalay (Taishan) 講
Gan Nanchang 話
Hakka Meixian 講, 話
Wuhua (Meilin) 講
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 講
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 講
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 講
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 講
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 講
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 講
Hong Kong 講
Kuching (Hepo) 講
Singapore (Dabu) 講
Huizhou Jixi 講
Jin Taiyuan 說
Northern Min Jian'ou 話
Eastern Min Fuzhou 講
Fuqing 講
Singapore (Fuqing) 講
Southern Min Xiamen 講
Xiamen (Tong'an) 講
Quanzhou 說
Jinjiang 說
Shishi 說, 講
Zhangzhou 講
Zhao'an 呾, 講
Dongshan 講
Taipei 講
Kaohsiung 講
Tainan 講
Penang (Hokkien) 講
Singapore (Hokkien) 講
Manila (Hokkien) 說, 講
Chaozhou 呾
Raoping 呾
Shantou 呾
Shantou (Chenghai) 呾
Shantou (Chaoyang) 呾
Jieyang 呾
Lufeng 講
Haifeng 講
Bangkok (Teochew) 呾
Phnom Penh (Teochew) 呾
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 呾
Singapore (Teochew) 呾
Pontianak (Teochew) 呾
Leizhou 講
Wenchang 講
Haikou 講
Qionghai 講
Singapore (Hainanese) 講
Puxian Min Putian 講
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 講
Southern Pinghua Binyang 講, 說
Wu Shanghai 講
Shanghai (Chongming) 話
Suzhou 講, 說
Hangzhou 說, 話, 講
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 講, 話
Ningbo 講, 話
Wenzhou 講
Xiang Changsha 講
Xiangtan 講
Xiangxiang 講
Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) 講
Shuangfeng 曰, 講
  • (to explain):
  • (to refer):
  • (to discuss):
  • (to criticize):
  • (theory):

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (說):
  • → Japanese: 説(せつ) (setsu)
  • → Korean: 설(說) (seol)
  • → Vietnamese: thuyết (說)

Pronunciation 2 edit

Rime
Character 說
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 祭 (36)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 舒芮切
Baxter sywejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕiuᴇiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕʷiɛiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕiuæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕwiajH/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiuɛiH/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭwɛiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯wɛiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shuì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		seoi3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 說
Reading # 1/3
No. 2552
Phonetic
component 		兑
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		稅
Old
Chinese 		/*hljods/

Definitions edit

說

  1. to persuade; to canvass; to lobby
  2. (Quanzhou Hokkien) to swindle; to defraud; to cheat out of
Synonyms edit
  • (to persuade):

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (說):

Pronunciation 3 edit

Rime
Character 說
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 仙 (82)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 弋雪切
Baxter ywet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiuᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jʷiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/juæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jwiat̚/
Li
Rong 		/iuɛt̚/
Wang
Li 		/jĭuɛt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯wɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yuè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyut6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 說
Reading # 3/3
No. 2577
Phonetic
component 		兑
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		悅
Old
Chinese 		/*lod/

Definitions edit

說

  1. † Alternative form of 悅／悦 (yuè, “happy; delighted”)

Compounds edit

Pronunciation 4 edit

Definitions edit

說

  1. † Alternative form of 脫／脱 (“to free; to relieve”)

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Shinjitai

説

Kyūjitai

說

Kanji edit

說

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 説)

  1. opinion
  2. theory
  3. explanation
  4. rumor

Readings edit

Usage notes edit

This character lacks essential JIS support and is not used in Japanese. The character 説 (U+8AAC) is used instead.

Korean edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Chinese 說 (MC sywet).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄉᆑᇙ〮 (Yale: syyélq)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 니ᄅᆞᆯ (Yale: nilol) 셜 (Yale: syel)

Pronunciation edit

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

說 (eumhun 말씀 설 (malsseum seol))

  1. Hanja form? of 설 (“theory, opinion, view; rumour”). [noun]
  2. Hanja form? of 설 (“theory”). [suffix]
  3. Hanja form? of 설 (“to explain; to speak; to talk”). [affix]
Compounds edit
Compounds

Etymology 2 edit

From Middle Chinese 說 (MC sywejH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄉᆒᆼ〮 (Yale: syyéy)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 달앨 (Yale: talGayl) 셰 (Yale: syey)

Pronunciation edit

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰe̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [세(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja edit

說 (eumhun 달랠 세 (dallael se))

  1. Hanja form? of 세 (“to persuade”). [affix]
Compounds edit
Compounds

Etymology 3 edit

From Middle Chinese 說 (MC ywet).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄋᆑᇙ〮 (Yale: yyélq)

Pronunciation edit

Hanja edit

說 (eumhun 기쁠 열 (gippeul yeol))

  1. Hanja form? of 열 (“used in personal names”). [1]
  2. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 悅 (“Hanja form? of 열 (“to be happy”).”)

References edit

  1. ^ Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 29. [1]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

說: Hán Nôm readings: thuyết

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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