-tio
LatinEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- -siō (in primarily third conjugation verbs with stems ending in -t-, -d-, -rg-, -ll-, or -rr-.)
- -ciō (medieval)
EtymologyEdit
Either from Proto-Italic *-tjō, an n-stem extension of Proto-Indo-European *-tis. See also Proto-Indo-European *-h₃onh₂- or from Proto-Indo-European *-tyon with Old Armenian -ութիւն (-utʿiwn) as a cognate.
PronunciationEdit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ti.oː/, [t̪ioː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /t͡si.o/, [t̪͡s̪io] (stressed on the antepenult)
SuffixEdit
-tiō f (genitive -tiōnis); third declension
- -tion, -ation, -ing; suffixed to a verb (usually a participle form) to form a noun relating to some action or the result of an action.
- dictātiō (“a dictating, dictation”), from dictātum, supine of dictō (“I dictate”)
- quadripartītiō (“a division into four parts”), from quadripartītum, supine of quadripartiō (“I divide in four parts”)
Usage notesEdit
The suffix is occasionally added to other parts of speech, or appears in situations where no related verb apparently exists; more at -ātiō.
DeclensionEdit
Third-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | -tiō | -tiōnēs |
Genitive | -tiōnis | -tiōnum |
Dative | -tiōnī | -tiōnibus |
Accusative | -tiōnem | -tiōnēs |
Ablative | -tiōne | -tiōnibus |
Vocative | -tiō | -tiōnēs |
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Borrowings
- → Aragonese: -ción
- → Asturian: -ción
- → Azerbaijani: -siya, -syon
- → Bulgarian: -ция (-cija)
- → Catalan: -ció
- → Czech: -ce
- → Danish: -tion
- → Dutch: -tie
- → Indonesian: -si
- → Faroese: -sjón
- → Finnish: -tio
- → Old French: -cion
- → Georgian: -ცია (-cia)
- → German: -tion
- → Hebrew: -ציה (-tsya)
- → Hungarian: -ció
- → Italian: -zione
- → Ladino: -sión
- → Latvian: -cija
- → Lithuanian: -cija
- → Maltese: -zjoni
- → Norwegian: -sjon
- → Occitan: -cion
- → Polish: -cja
- → Romanian: -ție, -țiune
- → Russian: -ция (-cija)
- → Crimean Tatar: -tsiya
- → Serbo-Croatian: -ција, -cija
- → Slovak: -cia
- → Slovene: -cija
- → Spanish: -ción
- → Swedish: -tion
- → Ukrainian: -ція (-cija)
- → Yiddish: -ציע (-tsye)
ReferencesEdit
- Haudry, Jean (1981) L'indo-européen, pages 55-56
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN