-si
See also: Appendix:Variations of "si"
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *-ci, from Proto-Uralic *-ti.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-si
- (possessive) suffix used with or without sinun (the genitive of the personal pronoun sinä), corresponds to the English possessive pronoun your (addressing one person; in archaic English: thy)
- (sinun) kirjasi = your book
- (possessive) appended to a genitive-requiring postposition that is after or without sinun (the genitive of the personal pronoun sinä), you (addressing one person; in archaic English: thee)
- (possessive) used in a participle structure replacing an "että" clause, preceded by a verb expressing e.g. telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person); appended to the active present participle in genitive singular when the action is concurrent with the main clause
- (possessive) used in a participle structure replacing an "että" clause, preceded by a verb expressing e.g. telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person); appended to the active past participle in genitive singular when the said/alleged (etc.) action antedates the main clause
- (possessive) used in a shortened sentence expressing concurrent actions when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the inessive of the active second infinitive
- Tehdessäsi läksyjäsi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.
- (While) doing your homework, you heard a shot from outside.
- Tehdessäsi läksyjäsi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.
- (possessive) used in a shortened sentence expressing subsequent actions when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the partitive of the passive past participle singular
- Tehtyäsi läksysi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.
- (After) having done / After doing your homework, you heard a shot from outside.
- Tehtyäsi läksysi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.
- (possessive) used in a final shortened sentence expressing "in order to do" when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the long first infinitive
- Tehdäksesi läksysi hyvin (sinä) menit hiljaiseen huoneeseen.
- (In order) to do your homework well, you went into a quiet room.
- Tehdäksesi läksysi hyvin (sinä) menit hiljaiseen huoneeseen.
- (possessive) Used in some adverbs, when the clause has the subject "you" (addressing one person).
- (possessive) Always appended to a noun in the comitative case when the clause has the subject "you" (addressing one person).
Usage notesEdit
- The possessive suffix -si is compulsory in standard Finnish. The genitive form of the corresponding personal pronoun "sinä" before the main word can, depending on the context, be sometimes omitted in written language if the sentence remains fluent. In colloquial Finnish, the suffix -si is very rare and only the genitive form "sinun" (or its colloquial or dialectal variants) is used before the main word.
- Appended to the (strong) vowel stem. The final -n of the genitive and illative singular and plural or the -t of the nominative plural are omitted, for example: talo (“house”) > taloon (“into a/the house”) > taloosi ("into your house")
- The shortened sentences — except for the participle structures — pertain mainly to standard Finnish, not to spoken Finnish. It is also to be noticed that the shortened clauses are never separated from the main clauses with a comma.
See alsoEdit
AnagramsEdit
GreenlandicEdit
SuffixEdit
-si (v-v?, additive?)
- Synonym of -i
HungarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
-s (adjective-forming suffix) + -i (adjective-forming suffix)[1]
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-si
- (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective expressing "belonging somewhere, originating from, coming from".
- (diminutive suffix) Added to a shortened noun to form a new diminutive noun.
- jogosítvány (“driver's license”) → jogsi (“driver's license”)
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ -si in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
IndonesianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Dutch -tie, from Latin -tiō.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-si
Derived termsEdit
ItalianEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
-si
- enclitic form of si; appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive forms with a third person object
- enclitic form of si appended to present indicative of some verb to derive their passive forms
- si vende latte (“milk for sale”) → vendesi latte (“milk for sale”)
Usage notesEdit
The final -e of the original infinitive is removed before the reflexive suffix is added.
Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:
- introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdursi (“to introduce oneself; to sneak into”)
In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -si.
When the verb is referred to a first person or second person object, -si is substituted with:
- -mi when the object is first singular person;
- -ti when the object is second singular person;
- -ci when the object is first plural person;
- -vi when the object is second plural person;
LatinEdit
SuffixEdit
-sī
Old IrishEdit
SuffixEdit
-si
- her (emphatic)
- you (plural; emphatic)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14a8
- Níba cuit adíll ⁊ cucuibsi, acht ainfa lib, ar nídad foirbthi-si; it foirbthi immurgu Macidonii.
- It will not be merely a passing visit to you pl, but I will remain with you, for you are not perfect; the Macedonians, however, are perfect.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16d8
- Bíuu-sa oc irbáig dar far cenn-si fri Maccidóndu.
- I am boasting about you to the Macedonians.
- Bíuu-sa oc irbáig dar far cenn-si fri Maccidóndu.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14a8
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Old Irish emphatic suffixes
Person | Emphatic suffixes |
---|---|
1 sg. | -se, -sa |
2 sg. | -siu, -so, -su |
3 sg. m.n. | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
3 sg. f. | -si |
1 pl. | -ni, -nai, -sni |
2 pl. | -si |
3 pl. | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor; to verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject; and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object. |
QuechuaEdit
Alternative formsEdit
SuffixEdit
-si
- Evidential suffix, second-hand information. Indicates that the speaker has not directly experienced the information at hand; hearsay
- Parachkansi.
- (I heard that) it is raining.
See alsoEdit
SidamoEdit
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
-si
See alsoEdit
Sidamo possessive clitics
ReferencesEdit
- Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 383
TurkishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Ottoman Turkish سی (which represented all prounciations).
Alternative formsEdit
SuffixEdit
-si
- (too rare) -like, -ish, -ly (It derives adjectives)
- kadınsı
- effeminate
- erkeksi
- mannish
- çocuksu
- childish
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
-si
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “سی”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1098
UzbekEdit
Other scripts | |
---|---|
Cyrillic | -си |
Latin | -si |
Perso-Arabic | -سى |
SuffixEdit
-si
- Third person singular possessive suffix. Used after a noun ending in a vowel. It has the same meaning as uning (“its”) placed before a noun.
- Bu ruchkasi.
- This is its ball pen.