-si
See also: Appendix:Variations of "si"
CzechEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Old Czech -si, from Proto-Slavic *si. Cognate with Slovak -si.
PronunciationEdit
ParticleEdit
-si
- indicates that something is indefinite or uncertain
Derived termsEdit
FalaEdit
PronounEdit
-si
- Clitic form of se (“oneself”)
See alsoEdit
Fala personal pronouns
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM |
nos | ||
masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM |
vos | ||
masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
reflexive | — | se, -si | sí |
ReferencesEdit
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *-ci, from Proto-Uralic *-ti. Compare Erzya -т (-t).
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-si
- (possessive) Suffix used with or without sinun (the genitive form of the personal pronoun sinä): your sg, thy
- (sinun) kirjasi ― your book
- (possessive) Appended to a genitive-requiring postposition that is after or without sinun: you sg, thee
- (possessive) Used in a participle structure replacing an että clause, preceded by a verb expressing e.g. telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person); appended to the active present participle in genitive singular when the action is concurrent with the main clause.
- (possessive) Used in a participle structure replacing an että clause, preceded by a verb expressing e.g. telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person); appended to the active past participle in genitive singular when the said/alleged (etc.) action antedates the main clause.
- Väitit tehneesi läksyjäsi.
- You claimed to have been doing your homework.
- (possessive) Used in a shortened sentence expressing concurrent actions when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the inessive of the active second infinitive.
- Tehdessäsi läksyjäsi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.
- (While) doing your homework, you heard a shot from outside.
- (possessive) Used in a shortened sentence expressing subsequent actions when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the partitive of the passive past participle singular.
- Tehtyäsi läksysi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.
- (After) having done / After doing your homework, you heard a shot from outside.
- (possessive) Used in a final shortened sentence expressing "in order to do" when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the long first infinitive.
- Tehdäksesi läksysi hyvin (sinä) menit hiljaiseen huoneeseen.
- (In order) to do your homework well, you went into a quiet room.
- (possessive) Used in some adverbs, when the clause has the subject "you" (addressing one person).
- Olit hyvin pahoillasi siitä.
- You were very sorry about it.
- (possessive) Always appended to a noun in the comitative case when the clause has the subject "you" (addressing one person).
- Kävelit kirjoinesi ovesta ulos.
- You walked with your books out the door.
Usage notesEdit
- The possessive suffix -si is compulsory in standard Finnish. The genitive form of the corresponding personal pronoun sinä before the main word can, depending on the context, be sometimes omitted in written language if the sentence remains fluent. In colloquial Finnish, the suffix -si is very rare and only the genitive form sinun (or its colloquial or dialectal variants) is used before the main word.
- Appended to the (strong) vowel stem. The final -n of the genitive and illative singular and plural or the -t of the nominative plural are omitted, for example: talo (“house”) > taloon (“into a/the house”) > taloosi (“into your house”).
- The shortened sentences — except for the participle structures — pertain mainly to formal/standard Finnish, not to informal/colloquial Finnish. It is also to be noticed that the shortened clauses are never separated from the main clauses with a comma.
See alsoEdit
AnagramsEdit
GreenlandicEdit
SuffixEdit
-si (v-v?, additive?)
- Synonym of -i
HungarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
-s (adjective-forming suffix) + -i (adjective-forming suffix)[1]
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-si
- (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective expressing "belonging somewhere, originating from, coming from".
- (diminutive suffix) Added to a shortened noun to form a new diminutive noun.
- jogosítvány (“driver's license”) → jogsi (“driver's license”)
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ -si in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
IndonesianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Dutch -tie, from Latin -tiō. Now, mainly used to adapted English word with -tion and -sion ending.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-si
Derived termsEdit
ItalianEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
-si
- (enclitic) Alternative form of si
- dare (“to give”) → darsi (“to give oneself; to devote”)
- vendere (“to sell”) → vendersi (“to sell oneself; to prostitute”)
- servire (“to serve”) → servirsi (“to serve oneself; to make use of”)
- si vende latte (“milk for sale”) → vendesi latte (“milk for sale”)
Usage notesEdit
- Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive forms with a third person object. Also appended to the present indicative of some verb to derive their passive forms. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed before the reflexive suffix is added.
Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:
- introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdursi (“to introduce oneself; to sneak into”)
In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -si.
When the verb is referred to a first person or second person object, -si is substituted with:
LatinEdit
SuffixEdit
-sī
Old IrishEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-si
- her (emphatic)
- you (plural; emphatic)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14a8
- Níba cuit adíll ⁊ cucuibsi, acht ainfa lib, ar nídad foirbthi-si; it foirbthi immurgu Macidonii.
- It will not be merely a passing visit to you pl, but I will remain with you, for you are not perfect; the Macedonians, however, are perfect.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14c2a
- Gigeste-si Día linn ara·fulsam ar fochidi.
- You will pray to God for us so that we may endure our sufferings.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16d8
- Bíuu-sa oc irbáig dar far cenn-si fri Maccidóndu.
- I am boasting about you to the Macedonians.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14a8
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Old Irish emphatic suffixes
Person | Emphatic suffixes |
---|---|
1 sg. | -se, -sa |
2 sg. | -siu, -so, -su |
3 sg. m.n. | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
3 sg. f. | -si |
1 pl. | -ni, -nai, -sni |
2 pl. | -si |
3 pl. | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor; to verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject; and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object. |
QuechuaEdit
Alternative formsEdit
SuffixEdit
-si
- Evidential suffix, second-hand information. Indicates that the speaker has not directly experienced the information at hand; hearsay
- Parachkansi.
- (I heard that) it is raining.
See alsoEdit
SidamoEdit
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
-si
See alsoEdit
Sidamo possessive clitics
ReferencesEdit
- Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 383
TurkishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish سی (which represented all prounciations).
SuffixEdit
preceding vowel | |||
---|---|---|---|
A / I | E / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü |
-sı | -si | -su | -sü |
-si
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
-si
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “سی”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1098
UzbekEdit
Other scripts | |
---|---|
Cyrillic | -си (-si) |
Latin | -si |
Perso-Arabic | -سى |
SuffixEdit
-si
- Third person singular possessive suffix. Used after a noun ending in a vowel. It has the same meaning as uning (“its”) placed before a noun.
- Bu ruchkasi.
- This is its ball pen.