Wiktionary

-si

See also: Appendix:Variations of "si"

FinnishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Finnic *-ci, from Proto-Uralic *-ti.

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-si

  1. (possessive) suffix used with or without sinun (the genitive of the personal pronoun sinä), corresponds to the English possessive pronoun your (addressing one person; in archaic English: thy)
    (sinun) kirjasi = your book
  2. (possessive) appended to a genitive-requiring postposition that is after or without sinun (the genitive of the personal pronoun sinä), you (addressing one person; in archaic English: thee)
    (sinun) edessäsi = in front of you
    (sinun) takanasi = behind you
  3. (possessive) used in a participle structure replacing an "että" clause, preceded by a verb expressing e.g. telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person); appended to the active present participle in genitive singular when the action is concurrent with the main clause
    Sanoit tekeväsi läksyjäsi.
    You said that you were doing your homework. (similar to the Latin structure accusativus cum infinitivo, e.g. "se dicit facere")
  4. (possessive) used in a participle structure replacing an "että" clause, preceded by a verb expressing e.g. telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person); appended to the active past participle in genitive singular when the said/alleged (etc.) action antedates the main clause
    Väitit tehneesi läksyjäsi.
    You claimed to have been doing your homework.
  5. (possessive) used in a shortened sentence expressing concurrent actions when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the inessive of the active second infinitive
    Tehdessäsi läksyjäsi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.
    (While) doing your homework, you heard a shot from outside.
  6. (possessive) used in a shortened sentence expressing subsequent actions when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the partitive of the passive past participle singular
    Tehtyäsi läksysi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.
    (After) having done / After doing your homework, you heard a shot from outside.
  7. (possessive) used in a final shortened sentence expressing "in order to do" when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the long first infinitive
    Tehdäksesi läksysi hyvin (sinä) menit hiljaiseen huoneeseen.
    (In order) to do your homework well, you went into a quiet room.
  8. (possessive) Used in some adverbs, when the clause has the subject "you" (addressing one person).
    Olit hyvin pahoillasi siitä.
    You were very sorry about it.
  9. (possessive) Always appended to a noun in the comitative case when the clause has the subject "you" (addressing one person).
    Kävelit kirjoinesi ovesta ulos.
    You walked with your books out the door.

Usage notesEdit

  • The possessive suffix -si is compulsory in standard Finnish. The genitive form of the corresponding personal pronoun "sinä" before the main word can, depending on the context, be sometimes omitted in written language if the sentence remains fluent. In colloquial Finnish, the suffix -si is very rare and only the genitive form "sinun" (or its colloquial or dialectal variants) is used before the main word.
  • Appended to the (strong) vowel stem. The final -n of the genitive and illative singular and plural or the -t of the nominative plural are omitted, for example: talo (“house”) > taloon (“into a/the house”) > taloosi ("into your house")
  • The shortened sentences — except for the participle structures — pertain mainly to standard Finnish, not to spoken Finnish. It is also to be noticed that the shortened clauses are never separated from the main clauses with a comma.

See alsoEdit

AnagramsEdit

GreenlandicEdit

SuffixEdit

-si (v-v?, additive?)

  1. Synonym of -i

HungarianEdit

EtymologyEdit

-s (adjective-forming suffix) + -i (adjective-forming suffix)[1]

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-si

  1. (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective expressing "belonging somewhere, originating from, coming from".
    falu (“village”) → falusi (“rural”)
  3. (diminutive suffix) Added to a shortened noun to form a new diminutive noun.
    jogosítvány (“driver's license”) → jogsi (“driver's license”)

Derived termsEdit

Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -si
Hungarian nouns suffixed with -si
Hungarian interjections suffixed with -si

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ -si in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

ItalianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /si/
  • Hyphenation: -si

PronounEdit

-si

  1. enclitic form of si; appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive forms with a third person object
    dare (“to give”) → darsi (“to give oneself; to devote”)
    vendere (“to sell”) → vendersi (“to sell oneself; to prostitute”)
    servire (“to serve”) → servirsi (“to serve oneself; to make use of”)
  2. enclitic form of si appended to present indicative of some verb to derive their passive forms
    si vende latte (“milk for sale”) → vendesi latte (“milk for sale”)

Usage notesEdit

The final -e of the original infinitive is removed before the reflexive suffix is added.

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdursi (“to introduce oneself; to sneak into”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -si.

When the verb is referred to a first person or second person object, -si is substituted with:

-mi when the object is first singular person;
-ti when the object is second singular person;
-ci when the object is first plural person;
-vi when the object is second plural person;

LatinEdit

SuffixEdit

-sī

  1. nominative masculine plural of -sus
  2. genitive masculine singular of -sus
  3. genitive neuter singular of -sus
  4. vocative masculine plural of -sus

Old IrishEdit

SuffixEdit

-si

  1. her (emphatic)
  2. you (plural; emphatic)
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14a8
      Níba cuit adíll ⁊ cucuibsi, acht ainfa lib, ar nídad foirbthi-si; it foirbthi immurgu Macidonii.
      It will not be merely a passing visit to you pl, but I will remain with you, for you are not perfect; the Macedonians, however, are perfect.
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16d8
      Bíuu-sa oc irbáig dar far cenn-si fri Maccidóndu.
      I am boasting about you to the Macedonians.

Derived termsEdit

Old Irish words suffixed with -si

See alsoEdit

Old Irish emphatic suffixes
Person Emphatic suffixes
1 sg. -se, -sa
2 sg. -siu, -so, -su
3 sg. m.n. -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam
3 sg. f. -si
1 pl. -ni, -nai, -sni
2 pl. -si
3 pl. -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam
Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor; to verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject; and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object.

QuechuaEdit

Alternative formsEdit

SuffixEdit

-si

  1. Evidential suffix, second-hand information. Indicates that the speaker has not directly experienced the information at hand; hearsay
    Chay llaqta sumaqsi.
    (I hear that) that town is pretty.
    Parachkansi.
    (I heard that) it is raining.
    Anchapsi waqachinki wamrayta.
    (They say that) you make my child cry excessively.

See alsoEdit

SidamoEdit

PronunciationEdit

DeterminerEdit

-si

  1. his

See alsoEdit

Sidamo possessive clitics
1st person 2nd person 3rd person m 3rd person f
Singular -ʼya -kki -si -se
Plural -nke -ʼne -nsa

ReferencesEdit

  • Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 383

TurkishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Ottoman Turkish سی‎ (which represented all prounciations).

Alternative formsEdit

SuffixEdit

-si

  1. (too rare) -like, -ish, -ly (It derives adjectives)
    kadınsı
    effeminate
    erkeksi
    mannish
    çocuksu
    childish

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

UzbekEdit

Other scripts
Cyrillic -си‍
Roman -si‍
Perso-Arabic ‍-سى‎‍

SuffixEdit

-si

  1. Third person singular possessive suffix. Used after a noun ending in a vowel. It has the same meaning as uning (“its”) placed before a noun.
    Bu ruchkasi.
    This is its ball pen.
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