Jerusalem

See also: Jérusalem, Jerúsalem, and Jerusalém

English

Etymology

From Late Latin Ierusalem, Hierusalem, from Latin Hierosolyma, from Ancient Greek Ἰερουσαλήμ (Ierousalḗm), from Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם‎ (Yərūšālayim), from a Western Semitic form attested in Ancient Egyptian as

(ꜣwšꜣmm), a compound of Semitic *uru (“house, town”) and *salim, which meant either "peace" or "Shalim", Canaanite god of twilight.

Pronunciation

• enPR: jə-ro͞o'sə-ləm, jə-ro͞o'zə-ləm, IPA^(key): /d͡ʒəˈɹuːsələm/, /d͡ʒəˈɹuːzələm/

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

Proper noun

Jerusalem (plural Jerusalems)

1. A city in the Judean Mountains, between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea, holy in Judaism, Christianity and Islam; the claimed capital city of Israel and of Palestine.

   Synonyms: (chiefly in Islamic or Arabic contexts) al-Quds, (chiefly in reference to the ancient Roman or Crusader era city) Hierosolyma

   Meronyms: East Jerusalem (EJ, East al-Quds); West Jerusalem (WJ)

2. A poem by William Blake, subtitled 'The Emanation of the Giant Albion', used as an unofficial national anthem in England.

Derived terms

• Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) (by folk etymology)
• Jerusalem cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum)
• Jerusalemite
  • East Jerusalemite
  • West Jerusalemite
• Jerusalem oak
• Jerusalem sage (Phlomis fruticosa)
• Jerusalem thorn
• trip to Jerusalem

Translations

city

• Afrikaans: Jerusalem
• Aghwan: 𐔴𐕙𐕒𐕡𐕚𐔰𐔾𐔴𐕌 (erusalem)
• Albanian: Jeruzalemi
• Amharic: እየሩሳሌም (ʾəyärusalem)
• Arabic: الْقُدْس‎ f (al-quds) (the name which is commonly used by Muslims), أُورُشَلِيم‎ f (ʔūrušalīm) (official in Israel), بَيْت الْمَقْدِس‎ f (bayt al-maqdis)

  Hijazi Arabic: القُدس‎ f (al-quds, al-guds)

  South Levantine Arabic: القدس‎ f (il-ʔuds)

• Aragonese: Cherusalén
• Aramaic:

  Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‎ (ʾorišlim)

  Biblical Aramaic: יְרוּשְׁלֶם‎ (yərûšlem)

  Classical Syriac: ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‎ (ʾōrêšlem), ܒܪܬ ܨܗܝܘܢ‎ f, ܡܕܝܢܬ ܩܘܕܫܐ‎ f

• Armenian: Երուսաղեմ (hy) (Erusałem)

  Old Armenian: Երուսաղէմ (Erusałēm)

• Asturian: Xerusalén
• Avar: Байтул Макъдис (Bajtul Maqxʼdis)
• Azerbaijani: Qüds, Yerusəlim
• Bashkir: Иерусалим (İyerusalim), Ҡотдос (Qotdos)
• Basque: Jerusalem
• Belarusian: Іерусалі́м m (Ijerusalím), Ерусалі́м m (Jerusalím) (Taraškievica), Аль-Ку́дс m (Alʹ-Kúds) (rare, Muslim context)
• Bengali: কুদুস (kudus), যিরূশালেম (bn) (jiruśalem), জেরুসালেম (jeruśalem), জেরুজালেম (jerujalem), কুদস (kudoś)
• Breton: Jeruzalem (br)
• Bulgarian: Йерусали́м m (Jerusalím)
• Burmese: ဂျေရုဆလင်မြို့ (gyeru.hca.langmrui.)
• Buryat: Иерусалим (Ijerusalim)
• Catalan: Jerusalem (ca)
• Chechen: Къудс-Гӏала (Qʼuds-Ğala)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 耶路撒冷 (je⁴ lou⁶ saat³ laang⁵)

  Hakka: 耶路撒冷 (Yâ-lu-sat-lâng)

  Mandarin: 耶路撒冷 (zh) (Yēlùsālěng)

  Min Nan: 耶路撒冷 (Iâ-lō͘-sat-léng)

• Chuvash: Мӗрселин (Mĕrs̬elin)
• Coptic:

  Bohairic: ⲓⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥⲁⲗⲏⲙ f (ierousalēm)

  Sahidic: ϩⲓⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥⲁⲗⲏⲙ f (hierousalēm)

• Corsican: Gerusalemme f, Gerusaleme f, Ghjerusalemme f
• Crimean Tatar: Qudus, Urşelim, Yerusalim
• Czech: Jeruzalém (cs) m
• Danish: Jerusalem n
• Dhivehi: އޫރުޝަލީމް‎ (ūrušalīm̊), ޤުދުސް‎ (qudus)
• Dutch: Jeruzalem (nl) n
• Esperanto: Jerusalemo (eo)
• Estonian: Jeruusalemm (et)
• Faroese: Jerusalem
• Fijian: Jerusalemi
• Finnish: Jerusalem (fi)
• French: Jérusalem (fr) f
• Galician: Xerusalén (gl)
• Georgian: იერუსალიმი (ierusalimi)

  Old Georgian: იჱრუსალიმ (iērusalim), იჱრუსალიმი (iērusalimi)

• German: Jerusalem (de) n
• Gothic: 𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌼𐌰 (iairusaulwma), 𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌼 (iairusalēm)
• Greek: Ιερουσαλήμ (el) f (Ierousalím)

  Ancient: Ἱεροσόλυμα n pl (Hierosóluma)

• Gujarati: જેરુશલેમ (jeruślem)
• Haitian Creole: Jerizalèm
• Hawaiian: Ielukalema
• Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם‎ (he) f (yerushaláyim)
• Hindi: यरुशलम m (yaruślam), येरुशलम m (yeruślam), अल-क़ुद्स m (al-quds)
• Hungarian: Jeruzsálem (hu)
• Icelandic: Jerúsalem
• Ido: Ierusalem (io)
• Indonesian: Yerusalem
• Interlingua: Jerusalem
• Irish: Iarúsailéim f
• Italian: Gerusalemme (it) f
• Jamaican Creole: Jiruusalem
• Japanese: エルサレム (ja) (Erusaremu), イェルサレム (Yerusaremu)
• Javanese: Yerusalem
• Kannada: ಜೆರುಸಲೆಂ (jerusaleṃ)
• Karakalpak: Qudıs
• Kazakh: Иерусалим (İerusalim), Құдыс (Qūdys)
• Khmer: ហ្សេរុយសាឡឹម (zeeruysaaləm)
• Korean: 예루살렘 (ko) (Yerusallem), 꾸드스 (ko) (Kkudeuseu) (North Korea)
• Krymchak: Йерушалайым
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: Orşelîm (ku), Quds (ku)

• Kyrgyz: Иерусалим (İyerusalim), Кудус (Kudus)
• Ladino: ירושלים‎ f (yerushalayim)
• Lao: ເຢຣູຊາເລັມ (yē rū sā lem)
• Latin: Hierosolyma n pl, Hierosolyma f, Hierusalem n, Hierosolymae f pl, Jerosolyma n pl, Jerosolyma f, Jerusalem n
• Latvian: Jeruzāleme f
• Lithuanian: Jeruzalė f
• Luxembourgish: Jerusalem
• Macedonian: Ерусалим m (Erusalim)
• Malay: Baitulmuqaddis (ms), Baitulmaqdis (esp. in geopolitical contexts), Jerusalem, Yerusalem (in Christian contexts)
• Malayalam: ജെറുസലേം (jeṟusalēṃ)
• Maltese: Ġerusalemm m
• Manchu: ᡳᠶᡝᡵᡠᠰᠠᠯᡳᠮ (iyerusalim)
• Marathi: जेरुसलेम (jeruslem)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: Иерусалим (Ijerusalim), Їєрусалимъ m (Ierusalimŭ)

• Navajo: Jííwoosalem, Jerúsalem
• Nepali: जेरुसेलम (jeruselam)
• Northern Thai: ᩀᩮᩁᩪᨪᩣᩃᩮᩢ᩠ᨾ
• Norwegian: Jerusalem (no)
• Occitan: Jerusalèm
• Old Church Slavonic:

  Cyrillic: Їєроусалимъ m (Ierusalimŭ)

• Old French: Jherusalem
• Old Norse: Jórsalir m pl, Jórsalaborg f
• Ossetian: Иерусалим (Ierusalim)
• Pashto: قدس‎ (quds), بيت المقدس‎ (ps) (baytu l-muqadas), يروشلم‎ (yarūšalim)
• Persian: اورشلیم‎ (fa) (oršalim), قدس‎ (fa) (qods), کَـنْـگ دِژ هُـوْخْـت‎ (kang-e dožhuxt), بیت‌المقدس‎ (fa) (beyt-ol-moqaddas)

  Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾwlyšlym)

• Plautdietsch: Jerusalem
• Polish: Jerozolima (pl) f
• Portuguese: Jerusalém (pt) f
• Punjabi: ਜੇਰੂਸਲਮ (jerūslam)
• Romanian: Ierusalim (ro)
• Russian: Иерусали́м (ru) m (Ijerusalím), Аль-Ку́дс (ru) m (Alʹ-Kúds) (rare, chiefly used by Muslims)
• Salar: Gudus
• Samoan: Ierusalema
• Scottish Gaelic: Ierusalem
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: Јерусалим m

  Roman: Jerusalim m

• Shan: ယေႇရုသလႅမ်ႇ (yèe rǔ sǎ lèm)
• Sicilian: Girusalemmi
• Sinhalese: ජෙරුසලම (jerusalama)
• Slovak: Jeruzalem (sk)
• Slovene: Jerúzalem (sl) m
• Sogdian: ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‎ (uršlīm, uršlēm)
• Somali: Qudus
• Spanish: Jerusalén (es)
• Swahili: Yerusalemu
• Swedish: Jerusalem (sv) n
• Tagalog: Herusalen
• Tajik: Уршалим (Uršalim), Қуддус (Quddus), Байтулмуқаддас (Baytulmuqaddas)
• Tamil: எருசலேம் (erucalēm)
• Tatar: Коддес (Qoddes), Иерусалим (İyerusalim)
• Telugu: జెరూసలేం (jerūsalēṁ)
• Thai: เยรูซาเลม (yee-ruu-saa-lem)
• Tibetan: ཇེ་རུ་ས་ལེམ (je ru sa lem)
• Turkish: Kudüs (tr), Kudsişerif, Yeruşalim
• Turkmen: Iýerusalim, Kudüs
• Ukrainian: Єрусали́м m (Jerusalým), Аль-Ку́дс m (Alʹ-Kúds) (rare, Muslim context)
• Urdu: یروشلم‎ (ur) m (yarūśalam), بیت المقدس‎ (bait-al-maqdas // bait-ul-muqaddas), القدس‎ (alquds)
• Urum: Yud-Şerif
• Uyghur: يېرۇسالېم‎ (yërusalëm), قۇددۇس‎ (quddus)
• Uzbek: Quddus, Iyerusalim
• Vietnamese: Giê-ru-sa-lem, Giê-ru-xa-lem, Giê-ru-da-lem, Gia Liêm
• Walloon: Djeruzalem (wa)
• Welsh: Jeriwsalem, Caersalem
• West Frisian: Jeruzalim
• Western Panjabi: یروشلم‎
• Xhosa: Yerusalem
• Yakut: Иерусалим (İyerusalim)
• Yiddish: ירושלים‎ n (yerushaláyim)

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /ʒə.ɾu.zəˈlɛm/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒe.ɾu.zaˈlɛm/

Proper noun

Jerusalem f

1. Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

Danish

Proper noun

Jerusalem

1. Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

Finnish

Etymology

From Late Latin Ierusalem, Hierusalem, from Latin Hierosolyma, from Ancient Greek Ἰερουσαλήμ (Ierousalḗm), from Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם‎ (Yərūšālayim), which see for more.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjerusɑlem/, [ˈje̞ruˌs̠ɑ̝le̞m]
• Rhymes: -ɑlem
• Syllabification^(key): Je‧ru‧sa‧lem

Proper noun

Jerusalem

1. Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

Declension

Inflection of Jerusalem (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		Jerusalem	—
genitive		Jerusalemin	—
partitive		Jerusalemia	—
illative		Jerusalemiin	—
		singular	plural
nominative		Jerusalem	—
accusative	nom.	Jerusalem	—
	gen.	Jerusalemin
genitive		Jerusalemin	—
partitive		Jerusalemia	—
inessive		Jerusalemissa	—
elative		Jerusalemista	—
illative		Jerusalemiin	—
adessive		Jerusalemilla	—
ablative		Jerusalemilta	—
allative		Jerusalemille	—
essive		Jerusalemina	—
translative		Jerusalemiksi	—
instructive		—	—
abessive		Jerusalemitta	—
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of Jerusalem (type risti)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative Jerusalemini — accusative nom. Jerusalemini — gen. Jerusalemini genitive Jerusalemini — partitive Jerusalemiani — inessive Jerusalemissani — elative Jerusalemistani — illative Jerusalemiini — adessive Jerusalemillani — ablative Jerusalemiltani — allative Jerusalemilleni — essive Jerusaleminani — translative Jerusalemikseni — instructive — — abessive Jerusalemittani — comitative — — second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative Jerusalemisi — accusative nom. Jerusalemisi — gen. Jerusalemisi genitive Jerusalemisi — partitive Jerusalemiasi — inessive Jerusalemissasi — elative Jerusalemistasi — illative Jerusalemiisi — adessive Jerusalemillasi — ablative Jerusalemiltasi — allative Jerusalemillesi — essive Jerusaleminasi — translative Jerusalemiksesi — instructive — — abessive Jerusalemittasi — comitative — — first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative Jerusalemimme — accusative nom. Jerusalemimme — gen. Jerusalemimme genitive Jerusalemimme — partitive Jerusalemiamme — inessive Jerusalemissamme — elative Jerusalemistamme — illative Jerusalemiimme — adessive Jerusalemillamme — ablative Jerusalemiltamme — allative Jerusalemillemme — essive Jerusaleminamme — translative Jerusalemiksemme — instructive — — abessive Jerusalemittamme — comitative — — second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative Jerusaleminne — accusative nom. Jerusaleminne — gen. Jerusaleminne genitive Jerusaleminne — partitive Jerusalemianne — inessive Jerusalemissanne — elative Jerusalemistanne — illative Jerusalemiinne — adessive Jerusalemillanne — ablative Jerusalemiltanne — allative Jerusalemillenne — essive Jerusaleminanne — translative Jerusalemiksenne — instructive — — abessive Jerusalemittanne — comitative — — third-person possessor singular plural nominative Jerusaleminsa — accusative nom. Jerusaleminsa — gen. Jerusaleminsa genitive Jerusaleminsa — partitive Jerusalemiaan Jerusalemiansa — inessive Jerusalemissaan Jerusalemissansa — elative Jerusalemistaan Jerusalemistansa — illative Jerusalemiinsa — adessive Jerusalemillaan Jerusalemillansa — ablative Jerusalemiltaan Jerusalemiltansa — allative Jerusalemilleen Jerusalemillensa — essive Jerusaleminaan Jerusaleminansa — translative Jerusalemikseen Jerusalemiksensa — instructive — — abessive Jerusalemittaan Jerusalemittansa — comitative — —

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jeˈʁuːzaˌlɛm/, /-ˌleːm/

• Audio

  (file)

Proper noun

Jerusalem n (proper noun, genitive Jerusalems or (optionally with an article) Jerusalem)

1. Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

Portuguese

Proper noun

Jerusalem f

1. Obsolete spelling of Jerusalém

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɛ²rʉːsaˌlɛm/

Proper noun

Jerusalem n (genitive Jerusalems)

1. Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

See also

• Jorsala