Jerusalem

See also: Jérusalem, Jerúsalem, and Jerusalém

English

Etymology

From Late Latin Ierusalem, Hierusalem, from Latin Hierosolyma, from Ancient Greek Ἰερουσαλήμ (Ierousalḗm), from Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם‎ (Yərūšālayim), from a Western Semitic form attested in Ancient Egyptian as

(ꜣwšꜣmm), a compound of Semitic *uru (“house, town”) and *salim, which meant either "peace" or "Shalim", Canaanite goddess of twilight.

Pronunciation

• enPR: jə-ro͞o'sə-ləm, jə-ro͞o'zə-ləm, IPA^(key): /d͡ʒəˈɹuːsələm/, /d͡ʒəˈɹuːzələm/

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

Proper noun

Jerusalem (plural Jerusalems)

1. A city in the Judean Mountains, between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea, holy in Judaism, Christianity and Islam; the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine.

   Synonyms: (chiefly in Islamic or Arabic contexts) al-Quds, (chiefly in reference to the ancient Roman or Crusader era city) Hierosolyma

   Meronyms: East Jerusalem (EJ, East al-Quds); West Jerusalem (WJ)

Derived terms

• Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) (by folk etymology)
• Jerusalem cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum)
• Jerusalemite
• East Jerusalemite
• West Jerusalemite
• Jerusalem oak
• Jerusalem sage (Phlomis fruticosa)
• Jerusalem thorn

Translations

city

• Afrikaans: Jerusalem
• Albanian: Jeruzalemi
• Amharic: እየሩሳሌም (ʾəyärusalem)
• Arabic: الْقُدْس‎ f (al-quds) (the name which is commonly used by Muslims), أُورُشَلِيم‎ f (ʾūrušalīm) (official in Israel), بَيْت الْمُقَدَّس‎ m (bayt al-muqaddas), بَيْت الْمَقْدِس‎ m (bayt al-maqdis)
• Aragonese: Cherusalén
• Aramaic:

  Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‎ (ʾorišlim)

  Biblical Aramaic: יְרוּשְׁלֶם‎ (yərûšlem)

  Classical Syriac: ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‎ (ʾōrêšlem)

• Armenian: Երուսաղեմ (hy) (Erusałem)

  Old Armenian: Երուսաղէմ (Erusałēm)

• Asturian: Xerusalén
• Avar: Байтул Макъдис (Bajtul Maq̇̄dis)
• Azerbaijani: Qüds, Yerusəlim
• Bashkir: Иерусали́м (Iyerusalím), Ҡотдос (Qotdos)
• Basque: Jerusalem
• Belarusian: Іерусалі́м m (Ijerusalím), Ерусалі́м m (Jerusalím) (Taraškievica), Аль-Ку́дс m (Alʹ-Kúds) (rare, Muslim context)
• Bengali: যিরূশালেম (jiruśalem), জেরুসালেম (jeruśalem), জেরুজালেম (jerujalem), কুদস (kudôś)
• Breton: Jeruzalem
• Bulgarian: Йерусали́м m (Jerusalím)
• Burmese: ဂျေရုဆလင်မြို့ (gyeru.hca.langmrui.)
• Catalan: Jerusalem (ca)
• Chechen: Къудс-ГӀала (Q̇uds-Ġala)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 耶路撒冷 (je⁴ lou⁶ saat³ laang⁵)

  Hakka: 耶路撒冷 (Yâ-lu-sat-lâng)

  Mandarin: 耶路撒冷 (zh) (Yēlùsālěng)

  Min Nan: 耶路撒冷 (Iâ-lō͘-sat-léng)

• Coptic:

  Bohairic: ⲓⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥⲁⲗⲏⲙ f (ierousalēm)

  Sahidic: ϩⲓⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥⲁⲗⲏⲙ f (hierousalēm)

• Corsican: Gerusaleme f
• Crimean Tatar: Qudus, Urşelim, Yerusalim
• Czech: Jeruzalém (cs) m
• Danish: Jerusalem
• Dhivehi: އޫރުޝަލީމް‎ (ūrušalīm̊), ޤުދުސް‎ (qudus)
• Dutch: Jeruzalem (nl)
• Esperanto: Jerusalemo (eo)
• Estonian: Jeruusalemm (et)
• Faroese: Jerusalem
• Fijian: Jerusalemi
• Finnish: Jerusalem (fi)
• French: Jérusalem (fr)
• Galician: Xerusalén (gl)
• Georgian: იერუსალიმი (ierusalimi)

  Old Georgian: იჱრუსალიმ (iērusalim), იჱრუსალიმი (iērusalimi)

• German: Jerusalem (de)
• Gothic: 𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌼𐌰 (iairusaulwma), 𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌼 (iairusalēm)
• Greek: Ιερουσαλήμ (el) f (Ierousalím)

  Ancient: Ἱεροσόλυμα n pl (Hierosóluma)

• Gujarati: જેરુશલેમ (jeruślem)
• Hawaiian: Ielukalema
• Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם‎ (he) f (yerushaláyim)
• Hindi: यरुशलम m (yaruślam), येरुशलम m (yeruślam), अल-क़ुद्स m (al-quds)
• Hungarian: Jeruzsálem (hu)
• Icelandic: Jerúsalem
• Ido: Ierusalem (io)
• Indonesian: Yerusalem
• Interlingua: Jerusalem
• Irish: Iarúsailéim f
• Italian: Gerusalemme (it) f
• Japanese: エルサレム (ja) (Erusaremu), イェルサレム (Yerusaremu)
• Javanese: Yerusalem
• Kannada: ಜೆರುಸಲೆಂ (jerusaleṃ)
• Karakalpak: Qudıs
• Kazakh: Иерусалим (Ïerwsalïm), Құдыс (Qudıs)
• Khmer: ហ្សេរុយសាឡឹម (zeiruysaaləm)
• Korean: 예루살렘 (ko) (Yerusallem)
• Krymchak: Йерушалайым
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: Orşelîm (ku), Quds (ku)

• Kyrgyz: Иерусалим (İyerusalim), Кудус (Kudus)
• Ladino: ירושלים‎ f (yerushalayim)
• Lao: ເຢຣູຊາເລັມ (yē rū sā lem)
• Latin: Hierosolyma n pl, Hierosolyma f, Hierusalem n, Hierosolymae f pl, Jerosolyma n pl, Jerosolyma f, Jerusalem n
• Latvian: Jeruzāleme f
• Lithuanian: Jeruzalė f
• Luxembourgish: Jerusalem
• Macedonian: Еру́салим m (Erúsalim)
• Malay: Baitulmuqaddis (ms), Baitulmaqdis, Jerusalem, Yerusalem
• Malayalam: ജെറുസലേം (jeṟusalēṃ)
• Maltese: Ġerusalemm m
• Manchu: ᡳᠶᡝᡵᡠᠰᠠᠯᡳᠮ (iyerusalim)
• Marathi: जेरुसलेम (jeruslem)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: Иерусалим (Iyerusalim)

• Navajo: Jííwoosalem, Jerúsalem
• Nepali: जेरुसेलम (jeruselam)
• Norwegian: Jerusalem (no)
• Occitan: Jerusalèm
• Old French: Jherusalem
• Old Norse: Jórsalir m pl, Jórsalaborg f
• Ossetian: Иерусалим (Ierusalim)
• Pashto: قدس‎ (quds), بيت المقدس‎ (ps) (baytu l-muqadas), يروشلم‎ (yarūšalim)
• Persian: اورشلیم‎ (fa) (oršalim), قدس‎ (fa) (qods), کَـنْـگ دِژ هُـوْخْـت‎ (kang-e dožhuxt), بیت‌المقدس‎ (fa) (beyt-ol-moqaddas)

  Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾwlyšlym)

• Plautdietsch: Jerusalem
• Polish: Jerozolima (pl)
• Portuguese: Jerusalém (pt) f
• Punjabi: ਜੇਰੂਸਲਮ (jērūslam)
• Romanian: Ierusalim (ro)
• Russian: Иерусали́м (ru) m (Ijerusalím), Аль-Ку́дс (ru) m (Alʹ-Kúds) (rare, chiefly used by Muslims)
• Salar: Gudus
• Samoan: Ierusalema
• Scottish Gaelic: Ierusalem
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: Јерусалим m

  Roman: Jerusalim m

• Sicilian: Girusalemmi
• Sinhalese: ජෙරුසලම (jerusalama)
• Slovak: Jeruzalem (sk)
• Slovene: Jerúzalem (sl) m
• Sogdian: ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‎ (uršlīm, uršlēm)
• Somali: Qudus
• Spanish: Jerusalén (es)
• Swahili: Yerusalemu
• Swedish: Jerusalem (sv)
• Tagalog: Herusalen
• Tajik: Уршалим (Uršalim), Қуддус (Quddus), Байтулмуқаддас (Baytulmuqaddas)
• Tamil: எருசலேம் (erucalēm)
• Tatar: Коддес (Qoddes), Иерусалим (İyerusalim)
• Telugu: జెరూసలేం (jerūsalēṃ)
• Thai: เยรูซาเลม (yee-ruu-saa-lem)
• Tibetan: ཇེ་རུ་ས་ལེམ (je ru sa lem)
• Turkish: Kudüs (tr), Kudsişerif, Yeruşalim
• Turkmen: Iýerusalim, Kudüs
• Ukrainian: Єрусали́м m (Jerusalým), Аль-Ку́дс m (Alʹ-Kúds) (rare, Muslim context)
• Urdu: یوروشلم‎ m (yurušalem), یروشلم‎ (ur) m (yarušalem), جروسلم‎ (jarūsalam), قدس‎ (quds), القدس‎ (al-quds) (rarely)
• Urum: Yud-Şerif
• Uyghur: يېرۇسالېم‎ (yërusalëm), قۇددۇس‎ (quddus)
• Uzbek: Quddus, Iyerusalim
• Vietnamese: Gia Liêm, Giê-ru-da-lem, Giê-ru-xa-lem, Giê-ru-sa-lem
• Walloon: Djeruzalem (wa)
• Welsh: Jeriwsalem, Caersalem
• West Frisian: Jeruzalim
• Western Panjabi: یروشلم‎
• Yiddish: ירושלים‎ n (yerushaláyim)

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Catalan

Proper noun

Jerusalem

1. Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

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Danish

Proper noun

Jerusalem

1. Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

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Finnish

Proper noun

Jerusalem

1. Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

Declension

Inflection of Jerusalem (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		Jerusalem	—
genitive		Jerusalemin	—
partitive		Jerusalemia	—
illative		Jerusalemiin	—
		singular	plural
nominative		Jerusalem	—
accusative	nom.	Jerusalem	—
	gen.	Jerusalemin
genitive		Jerusalemin	—
partitive		Jerusalemia	—
inessive		Jerusalemissa	—
elative		Jerusalemista	—
illative		Jerusalemiin	—
adessive		Jerusalemilla	—
ablative		Jerusalemilta	—
allative		Jerusalemille	—
essive		Jerusalemina	—
translative		Jerusalemiksi	—
instructive		—	—
abessive		Jerusalemitta	—
comitative		—	—

Possessive forms of Jerusalem (type risti)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	Jerusalemini	Jerusalemimme
2nd person	Jerusalemisi	Jerusaleminne
3rd person	Jerusaleminsa

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German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jeˈʁuːzalɛm/

• Audio

  (file)

Proper noun

Jerusalem n (genitive Jerusalems)

1. Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

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Portuguese

Proper noun

Jerusalem f

1. Obsolete spelling of Jerusalém

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Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɛ²rʉːsaˌlɛm/

Proper noun

Jerusalem n (genitive Jerusalems)

1. Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

See also

• Jorsala