Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sъ(n)

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From either Proto-Indo-European *sm̥- (“one, same”) in which case inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *san and cognate with Latvian sa-, Lithuanian su, or from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom (“with”).

Etymologically identical to the nominal prefix Proto-Slavic *sǫ-. The difference in development is because of the looser juncture between early Proto-Slavic verbs and preverbs: thus, preverbal *sun was subject to Slavic Auslautgesetze. A similar situation is found in modern German. Not to be confused with Proto-Slavic *sъ- (“good”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-.

Preposition

*sъ(n)

1. (with instrumental) with, accompanying, alongside
2. (with instrumental) with, by means of, using
3. (with genitive) off, from, from the surface of, from the top of

Usage notes

Because of the law of open syllables, the final *-n was normally dropped. But when combined with a stem that originally began with /j/, it was attached to the following word. Cf. Russian ею (jeju), but с (s) нею (neju) (*sъn jejǫ > /snˈeju/) etc.

Antonyms

• *bez

See also

• *sъ-
• *jьz
• *kъ(n)

Related terms

• *sǫ-

Derived terms

• *sъ(n)-

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: з (z), са (sa)
  • Russian: с (s), со (so)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: з (z), из (yz)
  • Ukrainian: з (z), із (iz), зі (zi); зо (zo) (dialectal, pronunciational version of "зі" after a pause)
  • Old Novgorodian: съ (sŭ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: съ (sŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏ (sŭ)

  • Bulgarian: с (s), със (sǎs)
  • Macedonian: со (so)
  • Serbo-Croatian::

    Cyrillic script: с, са

    Latin script: s, sa

  • Slovene: s, z (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: s
    • Czech: s
  • Old Polish: z, s, se, ze
    • Polish: z (“with”)
    • Silesian: z (“with”)
  • Pannonian Rusyn: з (z), зо (zo), зоз (zoz)
  • Slovak: s, so
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: z, ze, zez
    • Slovincian: sê
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: z
    • Lower Sorbian: z