со
Chechen edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Nakh *so.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
со • (so)
Declension edit
| Chechen personal pronouns | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
| Nominative | со (so) | хьо (ḥʳo) | иза (iza) | |
| Genitive | сан (san) | хьан (ḥʳan) | цуьнан (cünan) | |
| Dative | сӯна (suuna) | хьӯна (ḥʳuuna) | цунна (cunna) | |
| Ergative | ас (as) | ахь (aḥʳ) | цо̄ (coo) | |
| Allative | со̄ьга (sööga) | хьо̄ьга (ḥʳööga) | цуьнга (cünga) | |
| Ablative | со̄ьгара (söögara) | хьо̄ьгара (ḥʳöögara) | цуьнгара (cüngara) | |
| Instrumental | со̄ьца (sööca) | хьо̄ьца (ḥʳööca) | цуьнца (cünca) | |
| Lative | сох (sox) | хьох (ḥʳox) | цунах (cunax) | |
| Comparative | сол (sol) | хьол (ḥʳol) | цул (cul) | |
| Plural | 1st person (excl) | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
| Nominative | тхо (txo) | шу (šu) | уьш (üš) | |
| Genitive | тхан (txan) | шун (šun) | це̄ран (ceeran) | |
| Dative | тхӯна (txuuna) | шуна (šuna) | ца̄рна (caarna) | |
| Ergative | о̄ха (ooxa) | аш (aš) | ца̄ра (caara) | |
| Allative | тхо̄ьга (txööga) | шуьга (šüga) | цаьрга (cärga) | |
| Ablative | тхо̄ьгара (txöögara) | шуьгара (šügara) | цаьргара (cärgara) | |
| Instrumental | тхо̄ьца (txööca) | шуьца (šüca) | ца̄рца (caarca) | |
| Lative | тхох (txox) | шух (šux) | ца̄рах (caarax) | |
| Comparative | тхол (txol) | шул (šul) | ца̄рал (caaral) | |
| Plural | 1st person (incl) | |||
| Nominative | вай (vaj) | |||
| Genitive | вайн (vajn) | |||
| Dative | вайна (vajna) | |||
| Ergative | вай (vaj) | |||
| Allative | вайга (vajga) | |||
| Ablative | вайгара (vajgara) | |||
| Instrumental | вайца (vajca) | |||
| Lative | вайх (vajx) | |||
| Comparative | вайл (vajl) | |||
| An exclusive form is a form that excludes the person being addressed. An inclusive form is a form that includes the person being addressed. | ||||
References edit
- Nichols, Johanna, Vagapov, Arbi (2004) “со”, in Chechen–English and English–Chechen Dictionary, London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, page 195
Ingush edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Nakh *so.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
со • (so)
Declension edit
| Ingush personal pronouns | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
| Nominative | со (so) | хьо (ḥʳo) | из (iz) | |
| Genitive | са (sa) | хьа (ḥʳa) | цун (cun) | |
| Dative | со̄на (soona) | хьо̄на (ḥʳoona) | цунна (cunna) | |
| Ergative | а̄з (aaz) | ӏа (ˀa) | цо̄ (coo) | |
| Allative | со̄га (sooga) | хьо̄га (ḥʳooga) | цунга (cunga) | |
| Ablative | со̄гара (soogara) | хьо̄гара (ḥʳoogara) | цунгара (cungara) | |
| Instrumental | со̄ца (sooca) | хьо̄ца (ḥʳooca) | цунца (cunca) | |
| Lative | сох (sox) | хьох (ḥʳox) | цунах (cunax) | |
| Comparative | сол (sol) | хьол (ḥʳol) | цул (cul) | |
| Plural | 1st person (excl) | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
| Nominative | тхо (txo) | шо (šo) | уж (už) | |
| Genitive | тха (txa) | шун (šun) | ца̄р (caar) | |
| Dative | тхо̄на (txoona) | шоана (šoana) | ца̄рна (caarna) | |
| Ergative | оаха (oaxa) | оаш (oaš) | ца̄ра (caara) | |
| Allative | тхо̄га (txooga) | шуга (šuga) | ца̄рга (caarga) | |
| Ablative | тхо̄гара (txoogara) | шугара (šugara) | ца̄ргара (caargara) | |
| Instrumental | тхо̄ца (txooca) | шуца (šuca) | ца̄рца (caarca) | |
| Lative | тхох (txox) | шух (šux) | ца̄рех (caarex) | |
| Comparative | тхол (txol) | шул (šul) | ца̄рел (caarel) | |
| Plural | 1st person (incl) | |||
| Nominative | вай (vaj) | |||
| Genitive | вай (vaj) | |||
| Dative | вайна (vajna) | |||
| Ergative | вай (vaj) | |||
| Allative | вайга (vajga) | |||
| Ablative | вайгара (vajgara) | |||
| Instrumental | вайца (vajca) | |||
| Lative | вайх (vajx) | |||
| Comparative | вайл (vajl) | |||
| An exclusive form is a form that excludes the person being addressed. An inclusive form is a form that includes the person being addressed. | ||||
References edit
- Nichols, Johanna B. (2004) “со”, in Ingush–English and English–Ingush Dictionary, London and New York: Routledge, page 138
Macedonian edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
со • (so)
- with
- Пишувам со молив.
- Pišuvam so moliv.
- I am writing with a pencil.
- Разговарам со пријател.
- Razgovaram so prijatel.
- I am conversing with a friend.
Nivkh edit
Noun edit
со (so)
Russian edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): [sə]
- IPA(key): [sɐ] (before a stressed syllable)
Audio (file) - IPA(key): [ˈso] (when stressed)
Audio (file)
Preposition edit
со • (so)
- with (+ instrumental case)
- off, from (+ genitive case)
Usage notes edit
This is a variant of с (s) before words beginning with certain awkward consonant clusters such as мн- (mn-), вс- (vs-), and сн- (sn-).
Antonyms edit
See also edit
- с (s)
Serbo-Croatian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *solь, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂ls.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
со̑ f (Latin spelling sȏ)
Declension edit
Udmurt edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Permic *su̇, from Proto-Uralic *sän. Cognates include Erzya сон (son) and Finnish hän.
Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian сійӧ (sijö) and Komi-Permyak сія (sija).
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
со • (so)
- (third person singular personal pronoun) he, she, it
- со удмурт кылъя дышетӥсь ― so udmurt kylja dyšetiś ― he is a teacher of the Udmurt language
Derived terms edit
- соос (soos)
Related terms edit
Personal pronouns in Udmurt
| Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | Dative | Instrumental | Ablative | Abessive | Adverbial | Allative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | 1st person | мон (mon) | монэ (mone) | мынам (mynam) | мыным (mynym) | монэн (monen), монэнын (monenyn) | мынэсьтым (myneśtym) | монтэк (montek) | монъя (monja) | монлань (monlań) |
| 2nd person | тон (ton) | тонэ (tone) | тынад (tynad) | тыныд (tynyd) | тонэн (tonen), тонэнын (tonenyn) | тынэсьтыд (tyneśtyd) | тонтэк (tontek) | тонъя (tonja) | тонлань (tonlań) | |
| 3rd person | со (so) | сое (soje) | солэн (solen) | солы (soly) | соин (soin) | солэсь (soleś) | сотэк (sotek) | соя (soja) | солань (solań) | |
| Plural | 1st person | ми (mi) | милемиз (miľemiz), милемды (miľemdy) | милям (miľam) | милем (miľem), милемлы (miľemly) | милемын (miľemyn), миленымы (miľenymy) | милесьтым (miľeśtym) | митэк (mitek) | мия (mija) | милань (milań) |
| 2nd person | тӥ (ti) | тӥледыз (tiľedyz), тӥледды (tiľeddy) | тӥляд (tiľad) | тӥлед (tiľed), тӥледлы (tiľedly) | тӥлемын (tiľemyn), тӥленыды (tiľenydy) | тӥлесьтыд (tiľeśtyd) | тӥтэк (titek) | тӥя (tija) | тӥлань (tilań) | |
| 3rd person | соос (soos) | соосыз (soosyz), соосты (soosty) | соослэн (sooslen) | соослы (soosly) | соосын (soosyn) | соослэсь (soosleś) | соостэк (soostek) | соося (soośa) | соослань (sooslań) | |
References edit
- L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “со”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 606
- Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 260