cept
LatvianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Traditionally derived from Proto-Baltic *pek- (metathesized to *kep-), from Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ- (“to roast, to cook”), from earlier *h₃-ép-kʷ-, *h₃p-ékʷ-. Karulis would rather see *pekʷ- as a metathesis of PIE date of a root *kep-, *kʷep- (“to smoke, to cook”), formed analogically from *tep- (“to be hot, to heat up”) on the model of *kel-, *tel- (“to build”). Cognates include Lithuanian kèpti, Old Church Slavonic пещи (pešti), пекѫ (pekǫ, 1 sg. pres.), Russian печь (pečʹ), пеку́ (pekú), Belarusian пекці́ (pjekcí), Ukrainian печи́ (pečý), пекти́ (pektý), Bulgarian пека́ (peká, 1st sg. pres.), Czech péci, Polish piec, Sanskrit पचति (pácati, “to roast, to bake, to cook, to boil”), Ancient Greek πέσσω (péssō, “to bake, to cook, to boil”) (from *pekʷye-), Latin coquō (“to cook, to roast, to dry”), Tocharian A, Tocharian B pāk- (“to cook, to boil”).[1]
PronunciationEdit
| (file) |
VerbEdit
cept (tr., 1st conj., pres. cepu, cep, cep, past cepu)
- to fry (to cook in hot fat, often one side and then the other)
- cept gaļas šķēles uz pannas ― to fry meat slices on a (frying) pan
- cept kotletes, pankūkas ― to fry meatballs, pancakes
- cepts speķis ― fried bacon
- ceptas olas ― fried eggs
- kundze pannā izkausēja krietnu margarīna piku un cepa līdaku ― the lady melted a big slab of butter on the pan and fried the pike (fish)
- to roast, to broil, to grill, to bake (to cook, usually without fat, with heat coming equally from all sides)
- cept gaļu ― to roast meat
- cept maizi ― to bake bread
- cept šašliku, desiņas uz iesma ― to broil meat, sausages on a spit
- cept sacepumu cepeškrāsnī ― to bake a pie in the oven
- Oliņu tēvs darīja alu, un Oliņu māte cepa raušus ― Father Oliņš brewed beer, and mother Oliņa baked the cakes
- Mare pašlaik cepa iesmā uzdurtu gaļas gabalu ― Mare is now broiling a piece of meat on a spit
ConjugationEdit
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | cepu | cepu | cepšu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | cep | cepi | cepsi | cep |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | cep | cepa | ceps | lai cep |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | cepam | cepām | cepsim | cepsim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | cepat | cepāt | cepsiet, cepsit |
cepiet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | cep | cepa | ceps | lai cep |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | cepot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | cepošs | ||
| Past | esot cepis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | cepdams | ||
| Future | cepšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | cepot | ||
| Imperative | lai cepot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | cepam | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | cepis | |||
| Present | ceptu | Present Passive | cepams | ||
| Past | būtu cepis | Past Passive | cepts | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jācep | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | cept | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jācep | Negative Infinitive | necept | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jācepot | Verbal noun | cepšana | ||
Derived termsEdit
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “cept”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN