FinnishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Finnic *hän, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *sän. Cognates include Erzya сон (son).

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈhæn/, [ˈhæn]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Audio:(file)
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -æn
  • Syllabification(key): hän

PronounEdit

hän

  1. (personal) he, she, one, (singular) they (only of a human being; the pronoun does not determine the sex/gender of the person)

Usage notesEdit

  • In standard Finnish, hän is practically never omitted, despite the verb showing both the person and the number. (Compare the usage of he (they).)
  • In colloquial Finnish, the demonstrative pronoun se (it) is often used in place of hän. In Kven, both pronouns are used.

DeclensionEdit

  • Irregular. The comitative and instructive forms don't exist; the abessive is hardly used. (To be more precise: the singular stem is declined like type 32 (sisar) in the singular cases, except of the accusative singular form hänet (see following note).)
  • In addition to the standard set of cases, hän and the other personal pronouns have a specific accusative form, in this case hänet. This form would have been the nominative plural form of the first stem, if the word were not a personal pronoun.
  • In poetry, shorter forms hällä, hältä and hälle exist for the adessive, ablative and allative respectively.

SynonymsEdit

  • se (colloquial)

DescendantsEdit

  • Kven: hän

See alsoEdit

IngrianEdit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

hän

  1. (dialectal) Alternative form of hää
    • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 46:
      Toisille hän lapsille esimerkin näyttää.
      He sets an example for the other children.

ReferencesEdit

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 84

KvenEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Finnish hän, from Proto-Finnic *hän.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

hän

  1. he, she (animate)

DeclensionEdit

SynonymsEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Eira Söderholm (2017) Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 276

SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse héðan, with influence from Middle Low German hen (away), both ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *hiz (this).

AdverbEdit

hän

  1. away, hence (from here, towards another place, towards someone else)

SynonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

Further readingEdit

VepsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Finnic *hän, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *sän. Cognate to Hungarian ő. False cognate with Swedish han.

PronounEdit

hän (genitive hänen, partitive händast)

  1. he, she

InflectionEdit

Inflection of hän
nominative sing. hän
genitive sing. hänen
partitive sing. händast
partitive plur. heid
singular plural
nominative hän
accusative hänen
genitive hänen heiden
partitive händast heid
essive-instructive
translative
inessive hänes heiš
elative hänespäi heišpäi
illative hänehe heihe
adessive hänel heil
ablative hänelpäi heilpäi
allative hänele heile
abessive häneta heita
comitative hänenke heidenke
prolative
approximative I
approximative II
egressive
terminative I
terminative II
terminative III
additive I
additive II

ReferencesEdit

  • Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “он”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika