hän
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *hän, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *sän. Cognates include Erzya сон (son).
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): /ˈhæn/, [ˈhæn]
Audio: (file) Audio: (file) Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -æn
- Syllabification(key): hän
PronounEdit
hän
- (personal) he, she, one, (singular) they (only of a human being; the pronoun does not determine the sex/gender of the person)
Usage notesEdit
- In standard Finnish, hän is practically never omitted, despite the verb showing both the person and the number. (Compare the usage of he (“they”).)
- In colloquial Finnish, the demonstrative pronoun se (“it”) is often used in place of hän. In Kven, both pronouns are used.
DeclensionEdit
- Irregular. The comitative and instructive forms don't exist; the abessive is hardly used. (To be more precise: the singular stem is declined like type 32 (sisar) in the singular cases, except of the accusative singular form hänet (see following note).)
- In addition to the standard set of cases, hän and the other personal pronouns have a specific accusative form, in this case hänet. This form would have been the nominative plural form of the first stem, if the word were not a personal pronoun.
- In poetry, shorter forms hällä, hältä and hälle exist for the adessive, ablative and allative respectively.
Declension of hän
|
SynonymsEdit
- se (colloquial)
DescendantsEdit
- Kven: hän
See alsoEdit
IngrianEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈhæn/, [ˈhæn]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈhæn/, [ˈhæn]
- Rhymes: -æn
- Hyphenation: hän
PronounEdit
hän
- (dialectal) Alternative form of hää
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 46:
- Toisille hän lapsille esimerkin näyttää.
- He sets an example for the other children.
ReferencesEdit
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 84
KvenEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Finnish hän, from Proto-Finnic *hän.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
hän
DeclensionEdit
Declension of hän
|
SynonymsEdit
See alsoEdit
Kven personal pronouns
ReferencesEdit
- Eira Söderholm (2017) Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 276
SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse héðan, with influence from Middle Low German hen (“away”), both ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this”).
AdverbEdit
hän
SynonymsEdit
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- hän in Svensk ordbok.
VepsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *hän, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *sän. Cognate to Hungarian ő. False cognate with Swedish han.
PronounEdit
hän (genitive hänen, partitive händast)
InflectionEdit
| Inflection of hän | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative sing. | hän | ||
| genitive sing. | hänen | ||
| partitive sing. | händast | ||
| partitive plur. | heid | ||
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | hän | hö | |
| accusative | hänen | hö | |
| genitive | hänen | heiden | |
| partitive | händast | heid | |
| essive-instructive | — | — | |
| translative | — | — | |
| inessive | hänes | heiš | |
| elative | hänespäi | heišpäi | |
| illative | hänehe | heihe | |
| adessive | hänel | heil | |
| ablative | hänelpäi | heilpäi | |
| allative | hänele | heile | |
| abessive | häneta | heita | |
| comitative | hänenke | heidenke | |
| prolative | — | — | |
| approximative I | — | — | |
| approximative II | — | — | |
| egressive | — | — | |
| terminative I | — | — | |
| terminative II | — | — | |
| terminative III | — | — | |
| additive I | — | — | |
| additive II | — | — | |
ReferencesEdit
- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “он”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika