paranoia

See also: Paranoia, paranóia, and paranoïa

English

Alternative forms

• paranœa, paranoea (dated)
• paranoïa (hypercorrect)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”), from παράνοος (paránoos, “demented”), from παρά (pará, “beyond, beside”) + νόος (nóos, “mind, spirit”).

By surface analysis, para- (“abnormal, beyond”) +‎ nous (“mind”) +‎ -ia (“(medical) condition”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/, /ˌpɛɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra‧noia
• Rhymes: -ɔɪə

Noun

paranoia (countable and uncountable, plural paranoias or (archaic) paranoiæ)

1. The obsolete name for a psychotic disorder, now called delusional disorder, often (in one of 6 subtypes) characterized by delusions of persecution and perceived threat against the individual affected with the disorder, and often associated with false accusations and general mistrust of others

   Antonym: pronoia

2. Extreme, irrational distrust of others.

Derived terms

• paranoiac
• paranoic
• paranoically
• paranoid
• paranoid schizophrenia

Related terms

• See: nous#Related terms
• See: para-#Derived terms

Translations

a psychotic disorder characterized by delusions of persecution

• Albanian: paranojë f
• Arabic: بَارَانُويَا f (baranūyā), جُنُون اِضْطِهَاد pl (junūn iḍṭihād)
• Armenian: պարանոյա (hy) (paranoya)
• Azerbaijani: paranoyya
• Belarusian: парано́я f (paranója)
• Bulgarian: парано́я (bg) f (paranója)
• Catalan: paranoia f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 偏執狂 / 偏执狂 (zh) (piānzhíkuáng), 妄想狂 (zh) (wàngxiǎngkuáng)

• Czech: paranoia (cs) f
• Danish: paranoia c
• Dutch: paranoia (nl) f
• Esperanto: paranojo
• Estonian: paranoia (et)
• Finnish: paranoia (fi), vainoharhaisuus (fi)
• French: paranoïa (fr) f
• Galician: paranoia f
• Georgian: პარანოია (ṗaranoia)
• German: Paranoia (de) f, Verfolgungswahn (de) m
• Greek: παράνοια (el) f (paránoia)
• Hebrew: פָּרָנוֹיָה (he) f (paranóya)
• Hindi: संविभ्रम (samvibhram)
• Hungarian: paranoia (hu)
• Icelandic: vænisýki (is) f
• Indonesian: please add this translation if you can
• Irish: paranóia f
• Italian: paranoia (it) f
• Japanese: パラノイア (paranoia), 偏執病 (へんしゅうびょう, henshūbyō)
• Kazakh: паранойя (paranoiä)
• Khmer: please add this translation if you can
• Korean: 편집병(偏執病) (pyeonjipbyeong), 편집증(偏執症) (pyeonjipjeung), 파라노이아 (paranoia)
• Kyrgyz: паранойя (paranoyya)
• Latvian: paranoja f
• Lithuanian: paranoja f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: paranoia m

• Persian: پارانویا (fa) (pârânoyâ)
• Polish: paranoja (pl) f
• Portuguese: paranoia (pt) f
• Romanian: paranoia (ro) f
• Russian: парано́йя (ru) f (paranójja)
• Scots: paranoia
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Roman: paranoja (sh) f, manija proganjanja f

• Slovak: paranoja f
• Slovene: paranója f
• Spanish: paranoia (es) f, paranoya (es) f, noica f (Peru)
• Swedish: paranoia (sv) c
• Tajik: паранойя (paranoyya)
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: paranoya (tr), yansıtımca (tr)
• Ukrainian: парано́я f (paranója)
• Uzbek: paranoyya
• Vietnamese: hoang tưởng ảo giác

extreme, irrational distrust of others

• Arabic: please add this translation if you can
• Armenian: please add this translation if you can
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: please add this translation if you can

• Esperanto: paranojo
• Finnish: vainoharhaisuus (fi)
• French: paranoïa (fr) f
• German: Paranoia (de) f
• Greek: παράνοια (el) f (paránoia), καχυποψία (el) f (kachypopsía)
• Hebrew: please add this translation if you can
• Hungarian: paranoia (hu), üldözési mánia (hu)
• Icelandic: please add this translation if you can
• Irish: paranóia f
• Italian: paranoia (it) f
• Polish: paranoja (pl) f
• Portuguese: paranoia (pt) f
• Romanian: paranoia (ro) f
• Russian: парано́йя (ru) f (paranójja)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Roman: paranoja (sh) f

• Spanish: paranoia (es) f, paranoya (es) f, noica f (Peru)
• Swedish: paranoia (sv) c, skuggrädsla c
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: please add this translation if you can

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• French: ^{(please verify)} paranoïa (fr) f

References

• “‖Paranoia, paranœa” listed on page 460 of volume VII (O, P) of A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles [1st ed., 1909]
    ‖Paranoia (pærănoi·ă), paranœa (-nī·ă). Path. [mod.L. a. Gr. παράνοια, f. παράνο-ος distracted, f. παρα- beside + νό-ος, νοῦς mind.] Mental derangement; spec. chronic mental unsoundness characterized by delusions or hallucinations, esp. of grandeur, persecution, etc. [¶; 4 quots.: 1857, 1891, 1892, 1899; ¶] Hence Paranoi·ac, -œ·ac, a. adj. afflicted with paranoia; b. sb.; also Parano·ic, -nœ·ic a. [¶; 3 quots.: 1857, 1892, 1899]

Catalan

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [pə.ɾəˈnɔ.jə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [pa.ɾaˈnɔ.ja]

Noun

paranoia f (plural paranoies)

1. paranoia

Related terms

• paranoic

Further reading

• “paranoia”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], 2007 April

Czech

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈparanoja]
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra‧noia

Noun

paranoia f

1. paranoia

   Synonym: stihomam

Declension

Declension of paranoia (feminine in -ia)

	singular	plural
nominative	paranoia	paranoie
genitive	paranoie	paranoií
dative	paranoii	paranoiím
accusative	paranoii	paranoie
vocative	paranoie	paranoie
locative	paranoii	paranoiích
instrumental	paranoií	paranoiemi

Related terms

• paranoidní
• paranoik

Further reading

• “paranoia”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “paranoia”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “paranoia”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

Danish

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”).

Noun

paranoia

1. paranoia

Declension

Declension of paranoia

common gender	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	paranoia	paranoiaen
genitive	paranoias	paranoiaens

Dutch

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌpaː.raːˈnoː.jaː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pa‧ra‧noia

Noun

paranoia f (uncountable)

1. (psychology) paranoia

Related terms

• paranoïcus
• paranoïde

Adjective

paranoia (not comparable)

1. (informal) paranoid

   Synonym: paranoïde

Finnish

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɑrɑnoi̯jɑ/, [ˈpɑ̝rɑ̝ˌno̞i̯j(ː)ɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -oijɑ
• Syllabification^(key): pa‧ra‧noi‧a
• Hyphenation^(key): pa‧ra‧noia

Noun

paranoia

1. paranoia (delusion of persecution)

   Synonym: vainoharha

2. paranoia (state of being paranoid)

   Synonym: vainoharhaisuus

Declension

Inflection of paranoia (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		paranoia	paranoiat
genitive		paranoian	paranoi'ien
partitive		paranoiaa	paranoi'ia
illative		paranoiaan	paranoi'iin
		singular	plural
nominative		paranoia	paranoiat
accusative	nom.	paranoia	paranoiat
	gen.	paranoian
genitive		paranoian	paranoi'ien paranoiain rare
partitive		paranoiaa	paranoi'ia
inessive		paranoiassa	paranoi’'issa
elative		paranoiasta	paranoi’'ista
illative		paranoiaan	paranoi'iin
adessive		paranoialla	paranoi’'illa
ablative		paranoialta	paranoi’'ilta
allative		paranoialle	paranoi’'ille
essive		paranoiana	paranoi'ina
translative		paranoiaksi	paranoi’'iksi
abessive		paranoiatta	paranoi’'itta
instructive		—	paranoi’'in
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of paranoia (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative paranoiani paranoiani accusative nom. paranoiani paranoiani gen. paranoiani genitive paranoiani paranoi'ieni paranoiaini rare partitive paranoiaani paranoi'iani inessive paranoiassani paranoi’'issani elative paranoiastani paranoi’'istani illative paranoiaani paranoi'iini adessive paranoiallani paranoi’'illani ablative paranoialtani paranoi’'iltani allative paranoialleni paranoi’'illeni essive paranoianani paranoi'inani translative paranoiakseni paranoi’'ikseni abessive paranoiattani paranoi’'ittani instructive — — comitative — paranoi'ineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative paranoiasi paranoiasi accusative nom. paranoiasi paranoiasi gen. paranoiasi genitive paranoiasi paranoi'iesi paranoiaisi rare partitive paranoiaasi paranoi'iasi inessive paranoiassasi paranoi’'issasi elative paranoiastasi paranoi’'istasi illative paranoiaasi paranoi'iisi adessive paranoiallasi paranoi’'illasi ablative paranoialtasi paranoi’'iltasi allative paranoiallesi paranoi’'illesi essive paranoianasi paranoi'inasi translative paranoiaksesi paranoi’'iksesi abessive paranoiattasi paranoi’'ittasi instructive — — comitative — paranoi'inesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative paranoiamme paranoiamme accusative nom. paranoiamme paranoiamme gen. paranoiamme genitive paranoiamme paranoi'iemme paranoiaimme rare partitive paranoiaamme paranoi'iamme inessive paranoiassamme paranoi’'issamme elative paranoiastamme paranoi’'istamme illative paranoiaamme paranoi'iimme adessive paranoiallamme paranoi’'illamme ablative paranoialtamme paranoi’'iltamme allative paranoiallemme paranoi’'illemme essive paranoianamme paranoi'inamme translative paranoiaksemme paranoi’'iksemme abessive paranoiattamme paranoi’'ittamme instructive — — comitative — paranoi'inemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative paranoianne paranoianne accusative nom. paranoianne paranoianne gen. paranoianne genitive paranoianne paranoi'ienne paranoiainne rare partitive paranoiaanne paranoi'ianne inessive paranoiassanne paranoi’'issanne elative paranoiastanne paranoi’'istanne illative paranoiaanne paranoi'iinne adessive paranoiallanne paranoi’'illanne ablative paranoialtanne paranoi’'iltanne allative paranoiallenne paranoi’'illenne essive paranoiananne paranoi'inanne translative paranoiaksenne paranoi’'iksenne abessive paranoiattanne paranoi’'ittanne instructive — — comitative — paranoi'inenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative paranoiansa paranoiansa accusative nom. paranoiansa paranoiansa gen. paranoiansa genitive paranoiansa paranoi'iensa paranoiainsa rare partitive paranoiaansa paranoi'iaan paranoi'iansa inessive paranoiassaan paranoiassansa paranoi’'issaan paranoi’'issansa elative paranoiastaan paranoiastansa paranoi’'istaan paranoi’'istansa illative paranoiaansa paranoi'iinsa adessive paranoiallaan paranoiallansa paranoi’'illaan paranoi’'illansa ablative paranoialtaan paranoialtansa paranoi’'iltaan paranoi’'iltansa allative paranoialleen paranoiallensa paranoi’'illeen paranoi’'illensa essive paranoianaan paranoianansa paranoi'inaan paranoi'inansa translative paranoiakseen paranoiaksensa paranoi’'ikseen paranoi’'iksensa abessive paranoiattaan paranoiattansa paranoi’'ittaan paranoi’'ittansa instructive — — comitative — paranoi'ineen paranoi'inensa

Related terms

• paranoidi

Further reading

• “paranoia”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Hungarian

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɒrɒnojɒ]
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra‧no‧ia
• Rhymes: -jɒ

Noun

paranoia

1. (psychology) paranoia (a psychotic disorder)

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	paranoia	paranoiák
accusative	paranoiát	paranoiákat
dative	paranoiának	paranoiáknak
instrumental	paranoiával	paranoiákkal
causal-final	paranoiáért	paranoiákért
translative	paranoiává	paranoiákká
terminative	paranoiáig	paranoiákig
essive-formal	paranoiaként	paranoiákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	paranoiában	paranoiákban
superessive	paranoián	paranoiákon
adessive	paranoiánál	paranoiáknál
illative	paranoiába	paranoiákba
sublative	paranoiára	paranoiákra
allative	paranoiához	paranoiákhoz
elative	paranoiából	paranoiákból
delative	paranoiáról	paranoiákról
ablative	paranoiától	paranoiáktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	paranoiáé	paranoiáké
non-attributive possessive – plural	paranoiáéi	paranoiákéi

Possessive forms of paranoia

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	paranoiám	paranoiáim
2nd person sing.	paranoiád	paranoiáid
3rd person sing.	paranoiája	paranoiái
1st person plural	paranoiánk	paranoiáink
2nd person plural	paranoiátok	paranoiáitok
3rd person plural	paranoiájuk	paranoiáik

Derived terms

• paranoiás

Further reading

• paranoia in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Italian

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pa.raˈnɔ.ja/
• Rhymes: -ɔja
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra‧nò‧ia

Noun

paranoia f (plural paranoie)

1. (psychology, figurative) paranoia

Related terms

• paranoico
• paranoide

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• paranóia (pre-1990 spelling)

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pa.ɾaˈnɔj.ɐ/ [pa.ɾaˈnɔɪ̯.ɐ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pa.ɾaˈnɔj.ɐ/ [pa.ɾaˈnɔɪ̯.ɐ]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /pa.ɾaˈnɔj.a/ [pa.ɾaˈnɔɪ̯.a]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɐ.ɾɐˈnɔj.ɐ/

• Rhymes: -ɔjɐ
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra‧noi‧a

Noun

paranoia f (plural paranoias)

1. paranoia (a psychotic disorder characterised by delusions of persecution)

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French paranoia.

Noun

paranoia f (uncountable)

1. paranoia

Declension

Declension of paranoia

singular only	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	paranoia	paranoiaua
genitive-dative	-	-i
vocative

Spanish

Alternative forms

• paranoya

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”). More at paranoia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paɾaˈnoja/ [pa.ɾaˈno.ja]
• Rhymes: -oja
• Syllabification: pa‧ra‧no‧ia

Noun

paranoia f (plural paranoias)

1. paranoia

Derived terms

• paranoico
• paranoide

Further reading

• “paranoia”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
• paranoya | Palabra de observatorio | Real Academia Española (rae.es)
• emparanoyarse | Palabra de observatorio | Real Academia Española (rae.es)
• emparanoiarse | Palabra de observatorio | Real Academia Española (rae.es)
• ¿Se escribe «emparanoiarse» o «emparanoyarse»? | Duda lingüística | Real Academia Española (rae.es)

Swedish

Noun

paranoia c

1. paranoia (psychiatric illness)
2. paranoia (being paranoid)

Declension

Declension of paranoia

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	paranoia	paranoias
	definite	paranoian	paranoians
plural	indefinite	paranoior	paranoiors
	definite	paranoiorna	paranoiornas

Related terms

• paranoid

See also

• förföljelsemani
• noja

References

• paranoia in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• paranoia in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• Svensk MeSH