sonder
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Coined by John Koenig in 2012, whose project, The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows, aims to come up with new words for emotions that currently lack words.[1][2] Inspired by German sonder- (“special”) and French sonder (“to probe”).[3]
PronunciationEdit
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈsɑndɚ/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈsɒndə/
- Rhymes: -ɒndə(ɹ)
- Hyphenation: son‧der
NounEdit
sonder (uncountable)
- (neologism) The profound feeling of realizing that everyone, including strangers passing in the street, has a life as complex as one's own, which they are constantly living despite one's personal lack of awareness of it.
- 2012, John Buysse, "On 2nd thought, we do have linked lives", The Daily Illini (University of Illinois), Volume 142, Issue 68, 5 December 2012, page 4A:
- I had a sonder, a realization that the random girl sitting next to me inside of Starbucks might have a fantastic life or she might be dealing with a very ill family member.
- 2013, Annie Cohen, "A Deeper Understanding", Panorama (Ladue Horton Watkins High School, St. Louis, Missouri), Volume 62, Issue 3, 14 October 2013, page 14:
- We need to have a "sonder" moment, where we realize that we aren't the only ones with feelings, dreams, regrets and hopes.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:sonder.
- 2012, John Buysse, "On 2nd thought, we do have linked lives", The Daily Illini (University of Illinois), Volume 142, Issue 68, 5 December 2012, page 4A:
ReferencesEdit
AnagramsEdit
AfrikaansEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Dutch zonder, from Middle Dutch sonder, from Old Dutch sunder, from Proto-Germanic *sundraz.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
sonder
DanishEdit
NounEdit
sonder c pl
VerbEdit
sonder or sondér
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle French sonder, from Old French sonder (“to plumb”), from sonde (“sounding line”), from Old English sund- (“sounding”), as in sundġierd (“sounding-rod”), sundlīne (“sounding-line, lead”), sundrāp (“sounding-rope, lead”), from sund (“ocean, sea”), from Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, swim”). Cognate with Old Norse sund (“swimming; strait, sound”). More at sound.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sonder
- (transitive) to probe (test with a probe)
- (transitive) to probe (test the depth of something)
- to sound (use sound waves to establish the depth)
- (transitive) to probe (look carefully around)
- (transitive) to probe (ask someone many questions, in order to find something out)
- (meteorology) to survey and take measurements using a weather balloon
- to survey (carry out a survey or poll)
- (intransitive) to dive down
ConjugationEdit
infinitive | simple | sonder | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | sondant /sɔ̃.dɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | sondé /sɔ̃.de/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | sonde /sɔ̃d/ |
sondes /sɔ̃d/ |
sonde /sɔ̃d/ |
sondons /sɔ̃.dɔ̃/ |
sondez /sɔ̃.de/ |
sondent /sɔ̃d/ |
imperfect | sondais /sɔ̃.dɛ/ |
sondais /sɔ̃.dɛ/ |
sondait /sɔ̃.dɛ/ |
sondions /sɔ̃.djɔ̃/ |
sondiez /sɔ̃.dje/ |
sondaient /sɔ̃.dɛ/ | |
past historic2 | sondai /sɔ̃.de/ |
sondas /sɔ̃.da/ |
sonda /sɔ̃.da/ |
sondâmes /sɔ̃.dam/ |
sondâtes /sɔ̃.dat/ |
sondèrent /sɔ̃.dɛʁ/ | |
future | sonderai /sɔ̃.dʁe/ |
sonderas /sɔ̃.dʁa/ |
sondera /sɔ̃.dʁa/ |
sonderons /sɔ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
sonderez /sɔ̃.dʁe/ |
sonderont /sɔ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | sonderais /sɔ̃.dʁɛ/ |
sonderais /sɔ̃.dʁɛ/ |
sonderait /sɔ̃.dʁɛ/ |
sonderions /sɔ̃.də.ʁjɔ̃/ |
sonderiez /sɔ̃.də.ʁje/ |
sonderaient /sɔ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | sonde /sɔ̃d/ |
sondes /sɔ̃d/ |
sonde /sɔ̃d/ |
sondions /sɔ̃.djɔ̃/ |
sondiez /sɔ̃.dje/ |
sondent /sɔ̃d/ |
imperfect2 | sondasse /sɔ̃.das/ |
sondasses /sɔ̃.das/ |
sondât /sɔ̃.da/ |
sondassions /sɔ̃.da.sjɔ̃/ |
sondassiez /sɔ̃.da.sje/ |
sondassent /sɔ̃.das/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | sonde /sɔ̃d/ |
— | sondons /sɔ̃.dɔ̃/ |
sondez /sɔ̃.de/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- → German: sondieren
- → Russian: зонди́ровать (zondírovatʹ)
Further readingEdit
- “sonder”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
AnagramsEdit
GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *sundraz (“isolated, particular, alone”), from Proto-Indo-European *snter-, *seni-, *senu-, *san- (“apart, without, for oneself”). Cognate to Latin sine (“without”), English sunder (“separate, different”).
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
sonder (governs the accusative)
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
MalayEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Dutch zonder, from Middle Dutch sonder, from Old Dutch sunder, from Proto-Germanic *sundraz.
PrepositionEdit
sonder (Jawi spelling سوندر)
- (Netherlands, Indonesia) without (not having)
SynonymsEdit
Middle DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Dutch sunder, from Proto-Germanic *sundraz.
PrepositionEdit
sonder [+accusative]
DescendantsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “sonder (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “sonder (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
NormanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French sonder, from sonde (“sounding line”), from Old English [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bh)- (“to be unsteady, swim”).
VerbEdit
sonder
Norwegian BokmålEdit
NounEdit
sonder m pl
SwedishEdit
NounEdit
sonder
- indefinite plural of sond.