Wiktionary

stimulus

See also: Stimulus

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin stimulus (“goad, prick”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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stimulus (plural stimuluses or stimuli)

  1. An external phenomenon that has an influence on a system, by triggering or modifying an internal phenomenon; for example, a spur or incentive that drives a person to take action or change behaviour.
    an economic stimulus
    • 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 174:
      From the beginning of the show to the end, vanity is the sole stimulus and reward of action—vanity, that never looks beyond the present.
    • 2012 November 7, Matt Bai, “Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times‎[1]:
      Democrats, meanwhile, point out that Republicans seem to have made a conscious decision, beginning with the stimulus, to oppose anything the president put forward, dooming any chance of renewed cooperation between the parties.
  2. (physiology, psychology, medicine) Something external that elicits or influences a physiological or psychological activity or response, or that affects any of the sensory apparatuses.
    • 2002, Kim Burchiel, Surgical Management of Pain, Thieme, →ISBN, page 44:
      Even light nonpainful stimuli can provoke or exacerbate spontaneous pain; this is not limited to tactile, thermal, or vibratory stimuli, because auditory, visual, olfactory, and visceral stimuli also may be problematic.
  3. (botany, entomology) A stinging part on the body of a plant or insect.
    • 1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, page 15:
      Many plants, like many animals, are furnished with arms for their protection; these are either aculei, prickles […] ; or stimuli, stings, as in the nettles, which are armed with a venomous fluid for the annoyance of naked animals.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Dutch

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin stimulus.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsti.my.lʏs/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: sti‧mu‧lus

Noun

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stimulus m (plural stimuli, diminutive stimulusje n)

  1. stimulus
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Esperanto

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Verb

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stimulus

  1. conditional of stimuli

French

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin stimulus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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stimulus m (plural stimulus or stimuli)

  1. stimulus

Further reading

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Indonesian

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Etymology

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From Dutch stimulus, from Latin stimulus (“goad, prick”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [stiˈmulʊs], [sə̆tiˈmulʊs]
  • Hyphenation: sti‧mu‧lus

Noun

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stimulus (first-person possessive stimulusku, second-person possessive stimulusmu, third-person possessive stimulusnya)

  1. stimulus
    Synonym: perangsang

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Latin

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Etymology

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Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)tey- (“sharp object”) that might also be found in stilus, stīva. This could be an unextended variant of the same root found in *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”),[1] the source of Ancient Greek στίζω (stízō, “I mark”), although De Vaan is skeptical of the connection.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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stimulus m (genitive stimulī); second declension

  1. a goad, prick
  2. a sting
  3. (figuratively) stimulus, incentive

Declension

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Second-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative stimulus stimulī
Genitive stimulī stimulōrum
Dative stimulō stimulīs
Accusative stimulum stimulōs
Ablative stimulō stimulīs
Vocative stimule stimulī
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Descendants

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Borrowings:

References

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  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “stilus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 587

Further reading

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  • “stimulus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “stimulus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • stimulus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • stimulus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to be spurred on by ambition: stimulis gloriae concitari
    • to spur, urge a person on: calcaria alicui adhibere, admovere; stimulos alicui admovere
  • “stimulus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

Norwegian Bokmål

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Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nb

Etymology

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From Latin.

Noun

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stimulus m (definite singular stimulus, indefinite plural stimuli, definite plural stimuliene)

  1. a stimulus

Usage notes

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  • By a 1995 spelling decision, Norsk språkråd permitted the regular plural forms stimuluser and stimulusene.[1] These are scarcely used.
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References

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  1. ^ Årsmelding 1995

Further reading

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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From Latin.

Noun

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stimulus m (plural stimulusen)

  1. a stimulus

Usage notes

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  • By a 1995 spelling decision, Norsk språkråd permitted the regular plural forms stimulusar and stimulusane.[1] These are scarcely used.
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References

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  1. ^ Årsmelding 1995

Further reading

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  • “stimulus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
  • “stimulus”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016

Swedish

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Noun

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stimulus c or n

  1. (physiology, psychology, medicine) stimulus

Usage notes

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"Economic stimulus" is "ekonomisk stimulans."

Declension

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Declension of stimulus 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative stimulus stimuluset, stimulusen stimulus, stimuli stimulusen, stimulina
Genitive stimulus stimulusets, stimulusens stimulus, stimulis stimulusens, stimulinas
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References

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