stimulus
English
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin stimulus (“goad, prick”).
Pronunciation
edit- (US) IPA(key): /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Noun
editstimulus (plural stimuluses or stimuli)
- An external phenomenon that has an influence on a system, by triggering or modifying an internal phenomenon; for example, a spur or incentive that drives a person to take action or change behaviour.
- an economic stimulus
- 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 174:
- From the beginning of the show to the end, vanity is the sole stimulus and reward of action—vanity, that never looks beyond the present.
- 2012 November 7, Matt Bai, “Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times[1]:
- Democrats, meanwhile, point out that Republicans seem to have made a conscious decision, beginning with the stimulus, to oppose anything the president put forward, dooming any chance of renewed cooperation between the parties.
- (physiology, psychology, medicine) Something external that elicits or influences a physiological or psychological activity or response, or that affects any of the sensory apparatuses.
- 2002, Kim Burchiel, Surgical Management of Pain, Thieme, →ISBN, page 44:
- Even light nonpainful stimuli can provoke or exacerbate spontaneous pain; this is not limited to tactile, thermal, or vibratory stimuli, because auditory, visual, olfactory, and visceral stimuli also may be problematic.
- (botany, entomology) A stinging part on the body of a plant or insect.
- 1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, page 15:
- Many plants, like many animals, are furnished with arms for their protection; these are either aculei, prickles […] ; or stimuli, stings, as in the nettles, which are armed with a venomous fluid for the annoyance of naked animals.
Synonyms
editDerived terms
edit- antistimulus
- chemostimulus
- contrastimulus
- costimulus
- counterstimulus
- discriminative stimulus
- external stimulus
- extrastimulus
- gravistimulus
- hyperstimulus
- interstimulus
- mechanostimulus
- microstimulus
- peristimulus
- photostimulus
- Porkulus
- poststimulus
- poverty of the stimulus
- prestimulus
- stimulon
- stimulus check
- stimulus delta
- superstimulus
- tristimulus
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Dutch
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editstimulus m (plural stimuli, diminutive stimulusje n)
Related terms
editEsperanto
editVerb
editstimulus
- conditional of stimuli
French
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editstimulus m (plural stimulus or stimuli)
Further reading
edit- “stimulus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Indonesian
editEtymology
editFrom Dutch stimulus, from Latin stimulus (“goad, prick”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editstimulus (first-person possessive stimulusku, second-person possessive stimulusmu, third-person possessive stimulusnya)
- stimulus
- Synonym: perangsang
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “stimulus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Latin
editEtymology
editPossibly from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)tey- (“sharp object”) that might also be found in stilus, stīva. This could be an unextended variant of the same root found in *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”),[1] the source of Ancient Greek στίζω (stízō, “I mark”), although De Vaan is skeptical of the connection.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈsti.mu.lus/, [ˈs̠t̪ɪmʊɫ̪ʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈsti.mu.lus/, [ˈst̪iːmulus]
Noun
editstimulus m (genitive stimulī); second declension
Declension
editSecond-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | stimulus | stimulī |
Genitive | stimulī | stimulōrum |
Dative | stimulō | stimulīs |
Accusative | stimulum | stimulōs |
Ablative | stimulō | stimulīs |
Vocative | stimule | stimulī |
Related terms
editDescendants
editBorrowings:
References
edit- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “stilus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 587
Further reading
edit- “stimulus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “stimulus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- stimulus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- stimulus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be spurred on by ambition: stimulis gloriae concitari
- to spur, urge a person on: calcaria alicui adhibere, admovere; stimulos alicui admovere
- to be spurred on by ambition: stimulis gloriae concitari
- “stimulus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
Norwegian Bokmål
editEtymology
editFrom Latin.
Noun
editstimulus m (definite singular stimulus, indefinite plural stimuli, definite plural stimuliene)
- a stimulus
Usage notes
edit- By a 1995 spelling decision, Norsk språkråd permitted the regular plural forms stimuluser and stimulusene.[1] These are scarcely used.
Related terms
editReferences
editFurther reading
edit- “stimulus” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- “stimulus” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Norwegian Nynorsk
editEtymology
editFrom Latin.
Noun
editstimulus m (plural stimulusen)
- a stimulus
Usage notes
edit- By a 1995 spelling decision, Norsk språkråd permitted the regular plural forms stimulusar and stimulusane.[1] These are scarcely used.
Related terms
editReferences
editFurther reading
edit- “stimulus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
- “stimulus”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016
Swedish
editNoun
editstimulus c or n
Usage notes
edit"Economic stimulus" is "ekonomisk stimulans."
Declension
editDeclension of stimulus | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | stimulus | stimuluset, stimulusen | stimulus, stimuli | stimulusen, stimulina |
Genitive | stimulus | stimulusets, stimulusens | stimulus, stimulis | stimulusens, stimulinas |
Related terms
editReferences
edit- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- English terms with quotations
- en:Physiology
- en:Psychology
- en:Medicine
- en:Botany
- en:Entomology
- en:Systems theory
- Dutch terms borrowed from Latin
- Dutch terms derived from Latin
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with Latin plurals
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Esperanto non-lemma forms
- Esperanto verb forms
- French terms borrowed from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 3-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Latin
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Indonesian uncountable nouns
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 3-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin second declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the second declension
- Latin masculine nouns
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- Norwegian Bokmål terms borrowed from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms borrowed from Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish neuter nouns
- Swedish nouns with multiple genders
- sv:Physiology
- sv:Psychology
- sv:Medicine