خدا
Balti edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
خُدَا (xudâ) (Tibetan script ཁུ༹་དཱ)
Baluchi edit
Noun edit
خدا • (xuda)
See also edit
- ہدا (huda)
Khalaj edit
Noun edit
خُدا (Xudâ) (definite accusative خُداݧ)
Declension edit
Laki edit
Noun edit
خدا (xda)
Persian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From earlier خدای (xudāy), from Middle Persian [script needed] (hwtʾy /xwadāy/, “lord”) (Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫑𐫇𐫅𐫀𐫏 (xwadāy)), with both religious and secular connotations. Rendered in Book Pahlavi as the ideogram [script needed] (MRA) (Aramaic 𐡌𐡍𐡀 (mnʾ /mara/), also meaning "lord"), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hwatā́wā (“lord, god”).
Cognates with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬜𐬀𐬙𐬀 (xᵛaδata, “self-determined”) (in the sense of "not dependent on anything/anyone"), Bactrian χοαδηο (xoadēo, “lord”), Northern Kurdish xwedê and Central Kurdish خوا (xwa), Sanskrit स्वधा (svádhā). Also related to خود (xod, “self”), خدیو (xadiv, “lord, master”), خاتون (xâtun, “lady, noblewoman”).
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [xu.ðɑː]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [xo.d̪ɒː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [χu.d̪ɔ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | xuḏā |
Dari reading? | xudā |
Iranian reading? | xodâ |
Tajik reading? | xudo |
Noun edit
Dari | خدا |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | Худо, худо |
خُدا • (xodâ) (plural خدایان (xodâyân))
Inflection edit
Predicative forms of خدا (xodâ) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person (“I am, we are”) |
خدایم (xodâyam) خدام △ (xodâm) |
خداییم (xodâyim) |
2nd person (“you are”) |
خدایی (xodâyi) |
خدایید (xodâyid) خدایین △ (xodâyin) |
3rd person (“he/she/it is, they are”) |
خداست (xodâst) خداس، خدائه △ (xodâs, xodâe) |
خدایند (xodâyand) خدان △ (xodân) |
△ Colloquial. |
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- Tajik: худо (xudo), Худо (Xudo)
- → Azerbaijani: xuda
- → Balti: ཁུ༹་དཱ (xu dā)
- → Bashkir: хоҙай (xoźay)
- → Bengali: খোদা (khōda)
- → Chagatai: خدا
- ⇒ Chinese:
- → Crimean Tatar: quday
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: ख़ुदा (xudā)
- → Romani: xulay
- Urdu: خدا (xudā)
- → Kamassian: кхудай (kʰudaj) (indirectly)
- → Karakalpak: quday
- → Kazakh: құдай (qūdai)
- → Khakas: худай (xuday)
- → Khalaj: Xudâ
- → Kyrgyz: кудай (kuday)
- → Kumyk: худай (xuday)
- → Ottoman Turkish: خدا
- Turkish: hüda
- → Punjabi:
- → Southern Altai: кудай (kuday)
- → Shor: қудай
- → Tatar: ходай (xoday)
- → Turkmen: hudaý
References edit
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “xwadāy”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 95
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian خدا (xudā).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /xʊ.d̪ɑː/
Audio (PK) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː
Noun edit
خُدا • (xudā) m (Hindi spelling ख़ुदा)
- God
- مخلوق میں خالق کا نظر آیا جس کو اس دیکھنے والے نے خدا کو دیکھا۔
- maxlūq mẽ xāliq kā nazar āyā jis ko us dekhne vāle ne xudā ko dekhā.
- Who has seen the creator in the creation, that observer has seen God.
- god
- تمہارا یہ پتھر کا خدا کیا کر سکتا ہے؟
- tumhārā ye paththar kā xudā kyā kar saktā hai?
- What can this god of stone of yours do?
- lord
- master, owner
- (figurative) husband
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- خدا حافظ (xudā hāfiz)
References edit
- “خدا”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “خدا”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خدا”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.