бал

See also: бял and Appendix:Variations of "bal"

Bashkir

Бал [1].

Бал [2].

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bal (“honey”).

Cognate with Shor пал (“honey”), Turkish bal (“honey”), Chuvash пыл (pyl, “honey”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɑɫ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: бал (one syllable)

Noun

бал • (bal)

1. honey

   Сәскә балы.

   Səskə balı.

   Flower honey.

   Йүкә балы тәмле, хуш еҫле, ҙур дауалау көсөнә эйә.

   Yükə balı təmle, xuş yeśle, źur dawalaw kösönə eyə.

   Linden honey is palatable, has a pleasant smell (and) great medicinal properties.

   Башҡорт балына һорау йылдан-йыл арта бара.

   Başqort balına horaw yıldan-yıl arta bara.

   The demand for Bashkir honey has been growing year after year.

2. mead; alcoholic drink fermented from honey and water

Declension

Declension of бал

	singular only
absolute	бал (bal)
definite genitive	балдың (baldıñ)
dative	балға (balğa)
definite accusative	балды (baldı)
locative	балда (balda)
ablative	балдан (baldan)

Derived terms

• бал ҡорто (bal qorto, “bee”)

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [baɫ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɫ

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French bal or German Ball; ultimately from Ancient Greek βαλλίζω (ballízō, “to dance”).

Noun

бал • (bal) m (relational adjective ба́лен)

1. (dance) ball

   абсолве́нтски бал ― absolvéntski bal ― graduation ball

Declension

Declension of бал

	singular	plural
indefinite	бал bal	ба́лове bálove
definite (subject form)	ба́лът bálǎt	ба́ловете bálovete
definite (object form)	ба́ла bála
count form	—	ба́ла bála

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian балл (ball), from French balle (“voting ball”).

Noun

бал • (bal) m

1. (singular only) score/mark(s)/grade(s) (on an exam)
2. (nautical, seismology) point (on an intensity scale, e.g. the Beaufort scale or Richter scale)

Declension

Declension of бал

	singular	plural
indefinite	бал bal	ба́лове bálove
definite (subject form)	ба́лът bálǎt	ба́ловете bálovete
definite (object form)	ба́ла bála
count form	—	ба́ла bála

References

• “бал”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “бал”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “бал”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 28
• “бал”, in Български тълковен речник [Bulgarian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), fourth edition, Sofia: Nauka i Izkustvo, 2005, page 41

Eastern Mari

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian бал (bal).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑl/
• Rhymes: -ɑl
• Hyphenation: бал

Noun

бал • (bal)

1. ball (dancing)

Declension

Declension of бал

		singular	plural
nominative		бал (bal)	бал-влак (bal-vlak)
accusative		балым (balym)	бал-влакым (bal-vlakym)
genitive		балын (balyn)	бал-влакын (bal-vlakyn)
dative		баллан (ballan)	бал-влаклан (bal-vlaklan)
comitative		балге (balge)	бал-влакге (bal-vlakge)
comparative		балла (balla)	бал-влакла (bal-vlakla)
inessive		балыште (balyšte)	бал-влакыште (bal-vlakyšte)
illative	short	балыш (balyš)	бал-влакыш (bal-vlakyš)
	long	балышке (balyške)	бал-влакышке (bal-vlakyške)
lative		балеш (baĺeš)	бал-влакеш (bal-vlakeš)

Possessed forms of бал

	singular	plural
1st person	балем (baĺem)	бална (balna)
2nd person	балет (baĺet)	балда (balda)
3rd person	балже (balže)	балышт (balyšt)

Derived terms

proper nouns

• У ий бал (U ij bal)

References

• J. Bradley et al. (2023) “бал”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

Kalmyk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bal/, /baˈlə/

Noun

бал • (bal) (Clear script spelling ᡋᠠᠯ (bal))

1. honey

Karaim

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bal.

Noun

бал • (bal)

1. honey.

Derived terms

• балкъурт (“bee”)

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “бал”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Kazakh

Alternative scripts

Arabic	بال
Cyrillic	бал
Latin	bal
Yañalif	ʙal

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *bal (“honey”).

Noun

бал • (bal)

1. honey

   бал қайнату ― bal qainatu ― to boil honey

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Persian فال (fâl), from Arabic فَأْل (faʔl, “omen”).

Noun

бал • (bal)

1. divination, fortune-telling

   бал ашу ― bal aşu ― fortune-telling

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Russian бал (bal), from French bal, from Late Latin ballō.

Noun

бал • (bal)

1. ball, dance

Declension

Declension of бал

	singular	plural
nominative	бал (bal)	балдар (baldar)
genitive	балдың (baldyñ)	балдардың (baldardyñ)
dative	балға (balğa)	балдарға (baldarğa)
accusative	балды (baldy)	балдарды (baldardy)
locative	балда (balda)	балдарда (baldarda)
ablative	балдан (baldan)	балдардан (baldardan)
instrumental	балмен (balmen)	балдармен (baldarmen)

Kyrgyz

Бал [1].

Бал [2].

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bal. Cognate with Azerbaijani bal, Bashkir бал (bal), Kazakh бал (bal), Tatar бал (bal), Turkish bal, Turkmen bal, Uzbek bol, etc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bal/
• Hyphenation: бал

Noun

бал • (bal) (Arabic spelling بال)

1. honey

Declension

Declension of бал

	singular (жекелик)	plural (көптөгөн)
nominative (атооч)	бал bal	балдар baldar
genitive (илик)	балдын baldın	балдардын baldardın
dative (барыш)	балга balga	балдарга baldarga
accusative (табыш)	балды baldı	балдарды baldardı
locative (жатыш)	балда balda	балдарда baldarda
ablative (чыгыш)	балдан baldan	балдардан baldardan
possessive forms
	first-person singular (менин)
nominative	балым balım	балдарым baldarım
genitive	балымдын balımdın	балдарымдын baldarımdın
dative	балыма balıma	балдарыма baldarıma
accusative	балымды balımdı	балдарымды baldarımdı
locative	балымда balımda	балдарымда baldarımda
ablative	балымдан balımdan	балдарымдан baldarımdan
	second-person singular informal (сенин)
nominative	балың balıŋ	балдарың baldarıŋ
genitive	балыңдын balıŋdın	балдарыңдын baldarıŋdın
dative	балыңа balıŋa	балдарыңа baldarıŋa
accusative	балыңды balıŋdı	балдарыңды baldarıŋdı
locative	балыңда balıŋda	балдарыңда baldarıŋda
ablative	балыңдан balıŋdan	балдарыңдан baldarıŋdan
	second-person singular formal (сиздин)
nominative	балыңыз balıŋız	балдарыңыз baldarıŋız
genitive	балыңыздын balıŋızdın	балдарыңыздын baldarıŋızdın
dative	балыңызга balıŋızga	балдарыңызга baldarıŋızga
accusative	балыңызды balıŋızdı	балдарыңызды baldarıŋızdı
locative	балыңызда balıŋızda	балдарыңызда baldarıŋızda
ablative	балыңыздан balıŋızdan	балдарыңыздан baldarıŋızdan

Mongolian

Mongolian	Cyrillic
ᠪᠠᠯ (bal)	бал (bal)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaɮ/
• Syllabification: бал (1 syllable)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Mongolic *bal, from Proto-Turkic *bal. Compare Dongxiang ban, Turkish bal.

Noun

бал • (bal)

1. honey

Derived terms

• зөгийн бал (zögiin bal, “honey”)
• бал сар (bal sar, “honeymoon”)
• цэцгийн бал (cecgiin bal, “nectar”)
• бал чулуу (bal čuluu, “graphite”)

Etymology 2

Clipping of бал чулуу (bal čuluu), itself from the etymology above.

Noun

бал • (bal)

1. ballpoint pen

Nogai

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bal.

Noun

бал • (bal)

1. honey

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.A Kalmykov, editor (1963), “бал”, in Nogajsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Nogai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: karačajevo-čerkesskij naučno- issledovatelʹskij institut jazyka, literatury i istorii, →ISBN

Ossetian

Alternative forms

• бали (bali) — Digor

Etymology

From Georgian ბალი (bali).

Noun

бал • (bal)

1. (Iron) cherry

References

• Bigulajev, B. B., Gagkajev, K. Je., Kulajev, N. X., Tuajeva, O. N. (1970) “бал”, in A. M. Kasajev, editor, Осетинско-русский словарь [Ossetian–Russian Dictionary], 3rd edition, Ordzhonikidze: Ir
• Abajev, V. I. (1958–1995) “bal”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press

Russian

Etymology

First attested in 1705. Borrowed from French bal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [baɫ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -al

Noun

бал • (bal) m inan (genitive ба́ла, nominative plural балы́, genitive plural бало́в, relational adjective ба́льный)

1. ball, dance

Declension

Declension of бал (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-c) 

	singular	plural
nominative	ба́л bál	балы́ balý
genitive	ба́ла bála	бало́в balóv
dative	ба́лу bálu	бала́м balám
accusative	ба́л bál	балы́ balý
instrumental	ба́лом bálom	бала́ми balámi
prepositional	ба́ле bále	бала́х baláx
locative	на балу́ na balú

Descendants

• → Armenian: բալ (bal)
• → Azerbaijani: bal
• → Eastern Mari: бал (bal)
• → Georgian: ბალი (bali)
• → Kazakh: бал (bal)
• → Yakut: баал (baal)

Southern Altai

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bal (“honey”). Cognate with Kazakh бал (bal), Kyrgyz бал (bal), Crimean Tatar bal, Kumyk бал (bal), Azerbaijani bal, Turkish bal, Shor пал, etc.

Noun

бал • (bal)

1. honey

   Synonym: мӧт (möt)

Derived terms

• балду (baldu)

References

• Čumakajev A. E., editor (2018), “бал”, in Altajsko-russkij slovarʹ [Altaic–Russian Dictionary], Gorno-Altaysk: NII altaistiki im. S.S. Surazakova, →ISBN
• Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1893–1911) Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects] (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences

Tatar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bal (“honey”).

Noun

бал • (bal)

1. honey

Udi

Etymology

From Aghwan 𐔱𐔰𐔰𐔾 (baal, “doer”).

Noun

бал • (bal)

1. doer, maker

Further reading

• Gukasjan, Vorošil (1974) “бал”, in Удинско-азербайджанско-русский словарь [Udi–Azerbaijani–Russian Dictionary]‎^[1], Baku: Academy Press, page 69

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [baɫ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɫ
• Hyphenation: бал

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Ball (“ball”) or French balle (“ball”).

Noun

бал • (bal) m inan (genitive ба́ла, nominative plural ба́ли, genitive plural ба́лів, relational adjective ба́льний)

1. point (on a numerical grading system)
2. (games, sports) point

   Synonym: очко́ n inan (očkó)

3. point (on an intensity scale, e.g. the Beaufort scale or Richter scale)

Declension

Declension of бал
(inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	бал bal	ба́ли bály
genitive	ба́ла bála	ба́лів báliv
dative	ба́лові, ба́лу bálovi, bálu	ба́лам bálam
accusative	бал bal	ба́ли bály
instrumental	ба́лом bálom	ба́лами bálamy
locative	ба́лі báli	ба́лах bálax
vocative	ба́ле bále	ба́ли bály

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French bal.

Alternative forms

• баль (balʹ) — 1928-1933 spelling

Noun

бал • (bal) m inan (genitive ба́лу, nominative plural бали́, genitive plural балі́в, relational adjective ба́льний)

1. ball (formal or extravagant party or dance)

Declension

Declension of бал
(inan hard masc-form accent-c)

	singular	plural
nominative	бал bal	бали́ balý
genitive	ба́лу bálu	балі́в balív
dative	ба́лові, ба́лу bálovi, bálu	бала́м balám
accusative	бал bal	бали́ balý
instrumental	ба́лом bálom	бала́ми balámy
locative	ба́лі báli	бала́х baláx
vocative	ба́ле bále	бали́ balý

Derived terms

• бал-маскара́д m (bal-maskarád)

Further reading

• “бал”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
• “бал”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
• “бал”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “бал”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka

Urum

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bal.

Noun

бал • (bal)

1. honey.

References

• Oleksandr Harkavecʹ (2000) Urumsʹkyj Slovnyk [Urum-Ukrainian Dictionary], Almaty: Ynstytut Sxodoznavstva Myžnarodnyx Vydnosyn Xarkyvsʹkyj Kolehyum, →ISBN