Wiktionary

ban

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ban"

Translingual Edit

Symbol Edit

ban

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Balinese.

English Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

From Middle English bannen (“to summon; to banish; to curse”), partly from Old English bannan (“to summon, command, proclaim, call out”), from Proto-West Germanic *bannan; and partly from Old Norse banna (“to prohibit; to curse”), both from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, to order; to summon; to ban; to curse, forbid”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-new-ti ~ bʰh₂-n̥w-énti, innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present of *bʰeh₂- (“to say”).

Cognate with Dutch bannen (“to ban, exile, discard”), German bannen (“to exile, to exorcise, captivate, excommunicate”), Swedish banna (“to ban, scold”), Vedic Sanskrit भनति (bhánati), Armenian բան (ban) and perhaps Albanian banoj (“to reside, dwell”). See also banal, abandon.

Verb Edit

ban (third-person singular simple present bans, present participle banning, simple past and past participle banned)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To summon; to call out.
  2. (transitive) To anathematize; to pronounce an ecclesiastical curse upon; to place under a ban.
  3. (transitive) To curse; to execrate.
    • c. 1555, Hugh Latimer, a sermon
      They will curse and ban […] even into the deep pit of hell, all that gainsay their appetite.
  4. (transitive) To prohibit; to interdict; to proscribe; to forbid or block from participation.
    • 1816, Lord Byron, The Prisoner of Chillon:
      To whom the goodly earth and air Are banned
    • 2011 December 14, Steven Morris, “Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, in Guardian:
      Jailing her on Wednesday, magistrate Liz Clyne told Robins: "You have shown little remorse either for the death of the kitten or the trauma to your former friend Sarah Knutton." She was also banned from keeping animals for 10 years.
    • 2013 August 10, “A new prescription”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:
      No sooner has a [synthetic] drug been blacklisted than chemists adjust their recipe and start churning out a subtly different one. These “legal highs” are sold for the few months it takes the authorities to identify and ban them, and then the cycle begins again.
    Bare feet are banned in this establishment.
  5. (transitive, intransitive) To curse; to utter curses or maledictions.
Synonyms Edit
The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. For synonyms and antonyms you may use the templates {{syn|en|...}} or {{ant|en|...}}.
Derived terms Edit
Translations Edit

Noun Edit

ban (plural bans)

  1. Prohibition.
  2. A public proclamation or edict; a summons by public proclamation. Chiefly, in early use, a summons to arms.
    Bans is common and ordinary amongst the Feudists, and signifies a proclamation, or any public notice.
  3. The gathering of the (French) king's vassals for war; the whole body of vassals so assembled, or liable to be summoned; originally, the same as arrière-ban: in the 16th c., French usage created a distinction between ban and arrière-ban, for which see the latter word.
    He has sent abroad to assemble his ban and arriere ban.
    The Ban and the Arrierban are met armed in the field to choose a king.
    France was at such a Pinch..that they call'd their Ban and Arriere Ban, the assembling whereof had been long discussed, and in a manner antiquated.
    The ban was sometimes convoked, that is, the possessors of the fiefs were called upon for military services.
    The act of calling together the vassals in armed array, was entitled ‘convoking the ban.
  4. (obsolete) A curse or anathema.
  5. A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending against a ban, such as a mulct paid to a bishop by one guilty of sacrilege or other crimes.
Related terms Edit
Translations Edit

See also Edit

Etymology 2 Edit

Borrowed from Romanian ban of uncertain origin, perhaps from Serbo-Croatian bân.

Noun Edit

ban (plural bani)

  1. A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Romanian leu.
  2. A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Moldovan leu.
Translations Edit

Etymology 3 Edit

From Banburismus; coined by Alan Turing.

Noun Edit

ban (plural bans)

  1. A unit measuring information or entropy based on base-ten logarithms, rather than the base-two logarithms that define the bit.
Synonyms Edit
Derived terms Edit
See also Edit

Etymology 4 Edit

From South Slavic (compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.

Noun Edit

ban (plural bans)

  1. A title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.
Related terms Edit
Translations Edit

Anagrams Edit

Bambara Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Verb Edit

ban

  1. to finish

References Edit

Catalan Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

Noun Edit

ban m (plural bans)

  1. ban (a public proclamation or edict)
Derived terms Edit

Etymology 2 Edit

Noun Edit

ban m (plural bans)

  1. ban (a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century)
Derived terms Edit

Further reading Edit

Chibcha Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

ban

  1. shame, sorrow, outrage

References Edit

  • Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.
  • Quesada Pacheco, Miguel Ángel. 1991. El vocabulario mosco de 1612. En estudios de Lingüística Chibcha. Programa de investigación del departamento de lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Serie Anual Tomo X San José (Costa Rica). Universidad de Costa Rica.
  • Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico Gramática de Lugo. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.

Chinese Edit

Etymology Edit

From English ban.

Pronunciation Edit

Verb Edit

ban

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet) to ban
  2. (Hong Kong Cantonese, of ideas or proposals) to reject
    ban橋／ban桥 [Cantonese]  ―  ben1 kiu4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to reject an idea

Synonyms Edit

Dutch Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

From Middle Dutch ban. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

ban m (plural bannen)

  1. excommunication, denunciation, shunning
  2. anathema which is cast upon one who is excommunicated
  3. magic spell
  4. (historical) legal or feudal domain
  5. (historical) public declaration
  6. (archaic) exile
Derived terms Edit
Related terms Edit

Etymology 2 Edit

Borrowed from English ban.

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

ban m (plural bans)

  1. a revocation of permission to access or participate
    Synonym: toegangsverbod
    De forumgebruiker die zich heeft misdragen heeft een ban gekregen.
    The forum user that misbehaved has been given a ban.
Usage notes Edit

Mostly common within internet communities.

Etymology 3 Edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation Edit

Verb Edit

ban

  1. inflection of bannen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. imperative

Etymology 4 Edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation Edit

Verb Edit

ban

  1. inflection of bannen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. imperative

French Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

From Old French ban, from Frankish *ban.

Noun Edit

ban m (plural bans)

  1. (dated) public declaration
  2. (dated) announcement of a marriage; banns
  3. (East of France, Belgium) territory
Derived terms Edit

Etymology 2 Edit

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian bȃn. See English ban.

Noun Edit

ban m (plural bans)

  1. ban (nobleman)

Further reading Edit

Haitian Creole Edit

Etymology Edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb Edit

ban

  1. give

Synonyms Edit

Iberian Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Numeral Edit

ban

  1. A particle interpreted as the numeral 'one' by Eduardo Orduña and Joan Ferrer, and compared to Basque bat (“one”).

Further reading Edit

  • Eduardo Orduña [Aznar], Los numerales ibéricos y el protovasco
  • Joan Ferrer i Jané, El sistema de numerales ibérico: avances en su conocimiento

Indonesian Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

Pronunciation Edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈban]
  • Hyphenation: ban

Noun Edit

ban (first-person possessive banku, second-person possessive banmu, third-person possessive bannya)

  1. tyre, tire.
    Synonym: tayar (Standard Malay)
  2. tape
    Synonym: pita
  3. belt
    Synonyms: ikat pinggang, sabuk
  4. (physics) band, a part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
    Synonym: pita
Derived terms Edit
Related terms Edit

Etymology 2 Edit

From Dutch baan, from Middle Dutch bāne, from Old Dutch *bana, from Proto-Germanic *banō.

Pronunciation Edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈban]
  • Hyphenation: ban

Noun Edit

ban (first-person possessive banku, second-person possessive banmu, third-person possessive bannya)

  1. a road, way, path
    Synonyms: jalan, jalur
  2. a track, lane
    Synonym: lintasan
  3. (sports, ball games) court, field (place for playing sports or games, in particular non-team ball games)

Etymology 3 Edit

From English ban.

Pronunciation Edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈbɛn]
  • Hyphenation: ban

Noun Edit

ban

  1. (Internet slang) a ban
    Synonym: blok

Verb Edit

ban

  1. (Internet slang) to ban
    Synonym: blokir

Further reading Edit

Irish Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

ban f pl

  1. genitive plural of bean

Mutation Edit

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
ban bhan mban
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References Edit

Japanese Edit

Romanization Edit

ban

  1. Rōmaji transcription of ばん
  2. Rōmaji transcription of バン

Maguindanao Edit

Noun Edit

ban

  1. sneeze

Mandarin Edit

Romanization Edit

ban

  1. Nonstandard spelling of bān.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of bǎn.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of bàn.

Usage notes Edit

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mapudungun Edit

Noun Edit

ban (Raguileo spelling)

  1. death

Verb Edit

ban (Raguileo spelling)

  1. To die.
  2. first-person singular realis form of ban; I died; I have died.

Conjugation Edit

Positive conjugation of ban (see also Appendix:Mapudungun verbs)
Infinitive1 baael
Root ba-
Tense particles
(See particles) 		-a- (future tense)
-pe- (past tense)
-fu- (distant past tense)
person singular dual plural
first second third first second third first second third
Realis mood iñce eymi fey iñciw eymu feygu iñciñ eymvn feygvn
present ban baymi bay bayu baymu baygu bayiñ baymvn baygvn
past bapen bapeymi bape bapeyu bapeymu bapeygu bapeyiñ bapeymvn bapeygvn
distant past bafun bafuymi bafu bafuyu bafuymu bafuygu bafuyiñ bafuymvn bafuygvn
future baan baaymi baay baayu baaymu baaygu baayiñ baaymvn baaygvn
Conditional mood iñce eymi fey iñciw eymu feygu iñciñ eymvn feygvn
present bali balimi bale baliyu balimu bale egu baliyiñ balimvn bale egvn
Volitive mood iñce eymi fey iñciw eymu feygu iñciñ eymvn feygvn
present baci bage bape bayu bamu bape egu bayiñ bamvn bape egvn
Negative conjugation of ban
Infinitive1 banoael
Tense particles
(See particles) 		-a- (future tense)
-pe- (past tense)
-fu- (distant past tense)
person singular dual plural
first second third first second third first second third
Realis mood iñce eymi fey iñciw eymu feygu iñciñ eymvn feygvn
present balan balaymi balay balayu balaymu balaygu balayiñ balaymvn balaygvn
past balapen balapeymi balapey balapeyu balapeymu balapeygu balapeyiñ balapeymvn balapeygvn
distant past balafun balafuymi balafuy balafuyu balafuymu balafuygu balafuyiñ balafuymvn balafuygvn
future balayan balayaymi balayay balayayu balayaymu balayaygu balayayiñ balayaymvn balayaygvn
Conditional mood iñce eymi fey iñciw eymu feygu iñciñ eymvn feygvn
present banoli banolimi banole banoliyu banolimu banole egu banoliyiñ banolimvn banole egvn
Volitive mood iñce eymi fey iñciw eymu feygu iñciñ eymvn feygvn
present bakilci bakilge bakilpe bakilyu bakilmu bakilpe egu bakilyiñ bakilmvn bakilpe egvn
1Only usable with free personal pronouns.

References Edit

  • Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Maranao Edit

Verb Edit

ban

  1. to sneeze

Middle English Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

From Old English bana.

Noun Edit

ban

  1. Alternative form of bane

Etymology 2 Edit

From Old English bān.

Noun Edit

ban

  1. Alternative form of bon

Min Nan Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of ban – see 屘 (“the youngest”).
(This character, ban, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 屘.)

Northern Kurdish Edit

Etymology Edit

Related to Persian بام (bâm).

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

ban ?

  1. roof

Norwegian Bokmål Edit

Verb Edit

ban

  1. imperative of bane (Etymology 3)

Norwegian Nynorsk Edit

Etymology Edit

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

Noun Edit

ban n

  1. (dialectal) alternative form of barn (“child”)

O'odham Edit

Etymology Edit

Cognate with Southeastern Tepehuan bhan, Northern Tepehuan bánai.

Noun Edit

ban (plural ba꞉ban)

  1. coyote

Old English Edit

Etymology Edit

From Proto-West Germanic *bain, Proto-Germanic *bainą.

Cognate with Old Frisian bēn (West Frisian bien), Old Saxon bēn (Low German been, bein), Dutch been (“bone, leg”), Old High German bein (German Bein (“leg”)), Old Norse bein (Icelandic bein (“bone”)).

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

bān n (nominative plural bān)

  1. bone

Declension Edit

Declension of ban (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative bān bān
accusative bān bān
genitive bānes bāna
dative bāne bānum

Derived terms Edit

Descendants Edit

  • Middle English: bon, ban, bane, bone, boon
    • English: bone
      • Geordie English: byen
    • Scots: bane, bean, bain
    • Yola: bane

Old Irish Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

ban

  1. genitive dual/plural of ben

Verb Edit

ban

  1. first-person plural imperative of is

Alternative forms Edit

Mutation Edit

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
ban ban
pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ 		mban
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Phalura Edit

Etymology Edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation Edit

Adjective Edit

ban (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بن)

  1. closed
  2. blocked, stopped

Alternative forms Edit

References Edit

  • Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[1], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Polish Edit

 
Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Pronunciation Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

Borrowed from Romanian ban.

Noun Edit

ban m anim

  1. ban (subdivision of currency)

Etymology 2 Edit

Borrowed from English ban, from Middle English bannen (“to summon; to bannish; to curse”), partly from Old English bannan (“to summon, command, proclaim, call out”) and partly from Old Norse banna (“to prohibit; to curse”), both from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, to order; to summon; to ban; to curse, forbid”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-new-ti ~ bʰh₂-n̥w-énti, innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present of *bʰeh₂- (“to say”).

Noun Edit

ban m anim

  1. (Internet) ban
Declension Edit
Declension of ban
singular plural
nominative ban bany
genitive bana banów
dative banowi banom
accusative bana bany
instrumental banem banami
locative banie banach
vocative banie bany
Derived terms Edit
verbs

Etymology 3 Edit

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian ban, from Late Proto-Slavic *banъ, from Turkic.

Noun Edit

ban m pers

  1. ban (title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century)
Declension Edit
Declension of ban
singular plural
nominative ban banowie
genitive bana banów
dative banowi banom
accusative bana banów
instrumental banem banami
locative banie banach
vocative banie banowie

Further reading Edit

  • ban in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ban in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian Edit

Alternative forms Edit

Etymology Edit

Unknown. Perhaps from Medieval Latin *bannus (“communication”), perhaps through a German intermediate.[1] Other theories derive the word from Proto-Slavic *banъ (“master, lord”) (via Serbo-Croatian or Hungarian). Ultimate Mongolian origin (баян (bajan, “rich lord; plutocrat”)) has also been proposed.[2]

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

ban m (plural bani)

  1. money; coin
  2. ban (unit of currency, one hundredth of a leu)

Usage notes Edit

Usually used in the plural form, bani

Declension Edit

Declension of ban
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) ban banul (niște) bani banii
genitive/dative (unui) ban banului (unor) bani banilor
vocative banule banilor

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ http://webdex.ro/etimologic/ban
  2. ^ Romanian vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, M. & Tadmor, U. (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

Serbo-Croatian Edit

Etymology Edit

From Late Proto-Slavic *banъ.

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

bȃn m (Cyrillic spelling ба̑н)

  1. ban (title)

Declension Edit

Declension of ban
singular plural
nominative bȃn bánovi/bȃni
genitive bana bánōvā/bȃnā
dative banu banovima/banima
accusative bana banove/bane
vocative bane banovi/bani
locative banu banovima/banima
instrumental banom banovima/banima

Vietnamese Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

Sino-Vietnamese word from 班.

Noun Edit

ban

  1. (historical) branch of administration in the feudal court (of which there are two types: the civil administrators and the martial office holders)
  2. group (of people doing the same work); band; board; squad; committee
  3. shift; work period
  4. (only in compounds) time period; section of the day
    Synonym: buổi
    ban trưa ― noon
  5. (dated) (college-level) subject; (academic) department

Etymology 2 Edit

Noun Edit

(classifier cây, hoa) ban

  1. orchid tree (Bauhinia variegata)

Etymology 3 Edit

Sino-Vietnamese word from 斑.

Noun Edit

ban

  1. (medicine) rash

Etymology 4 Edit

Noun Edit

ban

  1. (Central Vietnam) ball

Etymology 5 Edit

Noun Edit

ban

  1. (colloquial) Alternative form of pan

Etymology 6 Edit

Sino-Vietnamese word from 頒.

Verb Edit

ban

  1. (archaic) to confer on; to bestow
  2. (archaic) to announce; to herald; to proclaim

Volapük Edit

Etymology Edit

Borrowed from French bain.

Noun Edit

ban (nominative plural bans)

  1. bath

Declension Edit

declension of ban
singular plural
nominative ban bans
genitive bana banas
dative bane banes
accusative bani banis
vocative 1 o ban! o bans!
predicative 2 banu banus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms Edit

Welsh Edit

Etymology Edit

From Middle Welsh bann, from Proto-Brythonic *bann, from Proto-Celtic *bandā.

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

ban m (plural bannau or bannoedd)

  1. peak

Derived terms Edit

Mutation Edit

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
ban fan man unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading Edit

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ban”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yagara Edit

Adjective Edit

ban

  1. dirty
  2. nasty
  3. very angry

References Edit

Zazaki Edit

Noun Edit

ban

  1. dome, cupola
  2. room

Zou Edit

 
Ban.

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

bàn

  1. arm

References Edit

  • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 41
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