Wiktionary

ban

See also: Ban and Appendix:Variations of "ban"

EnglishEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /bæn/
  • Audio (UK)
    		(file)
  • Rhymes: -æn

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English bannen (“to summon; to bannish; to curse”), partly from Old English bannan (“to summon, command, proclaim, call out”) and partly from Old Norse banna (“to prohibit; to curse”), both from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, to order; to summon; to ban; to curse, forbid”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-new-ti ~ bʰh₂-n̥w-énti, innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present of *bʰeh₂- (“to say”). Cognate with Dutch bannen (“to ban, exile, discard”), German bannen (“to exile, to exorcise, captivate, excommunicate”), Swedish banna (“to ban, scold”), Vedic Sanskrit भनति (bhánati), Armenian բան (ban) and perhaps Albanian banoj (“to reside, dwell”). See also banal, abandon.

VerbEdit

ban (third-person singular simple present bans, present participle banning, simple past and past participle banned)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To summon; to call out.
  2. (transitive) To anathematize; to pronounce an ecclesiastical curse upon; to place under a ban.
  3. (transitive) To curse; to execrate.
    • (Can we find and add a quotation of Spenser to this entry?)
    • (Can we find and add a quotation of Sir Walter Scott to this entry?)
  4. (transitive) To prohibit; to interdict; to proscribe; to forbid or block from participation.
    • (Can we find and add a quotation of Byron to this entry?)
    • 2011 December 14, Steven Morris, “Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, in Guardian:
      Jailing her on Wednesday, magistrate Liz Clyne told Robins: "You have shown little remorse either for the death of the kitten or the trauma to your former friend Sarah Knutton." She was also banned from keeping animals for 10 years.
    • 2013 August 10, “A new prescription”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:
      No sooner has a [synthetic] drug been blacklisted than chemists adjust their recipe and start churning out a subtly different one. These “legal highs” are sold for the few months it takes the authorities to identify and ban them, and then the cycle begins again.
    Bare feet are banned in this establishment.
  5. (transitive) To curse; to utter curses or maledictions.
SynonymsEdit
The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. Use the templates {{syn|en|...}} or {{ant|en|...}} to add them to the appropriate sense(s).
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

NounEdit

ban (plural bans)

  1. Prohibition.
    • 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: Printed [by Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […] [a]nd by Robert Boulter […] [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: The Text Exactly Reproduced from the First Edition of 1667: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:
      That sacred fruit, sacred to abstinence,
      Much more to taste it under ban to touch
  2. A public proclamation or edict; a summons by public proclamation. Chiefly, in early use, a summons to arms.
    Bans is common and ordinary amongst the Feudists, and signifies a proclamation, or any public notice.
  3. The gathering of the (French) king's vassals for war; the whole body of vassals so assembled, or liable to be summoned; originally, the same as arrière-ban: in the 16th c., French usage created a distinction between ban and arrière-ban, for which see the latter word.
    He has sent abroad to assemble his ban and arriere ban.
    The Ban and the Arrierban are met armed in the field to choose a king.
    France was at such a Pinch..that they call'd their Ban and Arriere Ban, the assembling whereof had been long discussed, and in a manner antiquated.
    The ban was sometimes convoked, that is, the possessors of the fiefs were called upon for military services.
    The act of calling together the vassals in armed array, was entitled ‘convoking the ban.
  4. (obsolete) A curse or anathema.
  5. A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending against a ban, such as a mulct paid to a bishop by one guilty of sacrilege or other crimes.
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed from Romanian ban of uncertain origin, perhaps from Serbo-Croatian bân.

NounEdit

ban (plural bani)

  1. A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Romanian leu.
  2. A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Moldovan leu.
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

From Banburismus; coined by Alan Turing.

NounEdit

ban (plural bans)

  1. A unit measuring information or entropy based on base-ten logarithms, rather than the base-two logarithms that define the bit.
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit

Etymology 4Edit

From South Slavic (compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.

NounEdit

ban (plural bans)

  1. A title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

AnagramsEdit

BambaraEdit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

ban

  1. to finish

ReferencesEdit

CatalanEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

NounEdit

ban m (plural bans)

  1. ban (a public proclamation or edict)

Etymology 2Edit

NounEdit

ban m (plural bans)

  1. ban (a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century)
Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

DutchEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle Dutch ban. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ban m (plural bannen)

  1. excommunication, denunciation, shunning
  2. anathema which is cast upon one who is excommunicated
  3. magic spell
  4. (historical) legal or feudal domain
  5. (historical) public declaration
  6. (archaic) exile
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed from English ban.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ban m (plural bans)

  1. a revocation of permission to access or participate
    Synonym: toegangsverbod
    De forumgebruiker die zich heeft misdragen heeft een ban gekregen.
    The forum user that misbehaved has been given a ban.
Usage notesEdit

Mostly common within internet communities.

Etymology 3Edit

See the etymology of the main entry.

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

ban

  1. first-person singular present indicative of bannen
  2. imperative of bannen

Etymology 4Edit

See the etymology of the main entry.

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

ban

  1. first-person singular present indicative of bannen
  2. imperative of bannen

FrenchEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old French ban, from Frankish *ban.

NounEdit

ban m (plural bans)

  1. (dated) public declaration
  2. (dated) announcement of a marriage
  3. (East of France, Belgium) territory
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian bȃn. See English ban.

NounEdit

ban m (plural bans)

  1. ban (nobleman)

Further readingEdit

Haitian CreoleEdit

EtymologyEdit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

VerbEdit

ban

  1. give

SynonymsEdit

IberianEdit

PronunciationEdit

NumeralEdit

ban

  1. A particle interpreted as the numeral 'one' by Eduardo Orduña and Joan Ferrer, and compared to Basque bat (“one”).

Further readingEdit

  • Eduardo Orduña [Aznar], Los numerales ibéricos y el protovasco
  • Joan Ferrer i Jané, El sistema de numerales ibérico: avances en su conocimiento

IndonesianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Borrowed from Dutch band. The physics sense is a semantic loan from English band (“a part of the electromagnetic spectrum”).

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): [ˈban]
  • Hyphenation: ban

NounEdit

ban (plural, first-person possessive banku, second-person possessive banmu, third-person possessive bannya)

  1. tyre/tire
  2. tape
    Synonym: pita
  3. belt
    1. conveyor belt
    Synonym: sabuk
  4. (physics) band, a part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

SynonymsEdit

  • (tyre/tire): tayar (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)

Related termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed from Dutch baan.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): [ˈban]
  • Hyphenation: ban

NounEdit

ban (plural, first-person possessive banku, second-person possessive banmu, third-person possessive bannya)

  1. a road, way, path
  2. a track, lane
  3. (sports, ball games) court, field (place for playing sports or games, in particular non-team ball games)

Further readingEdit

IrishEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ban f pl

  1. genitive plural of bean

MutationEdit

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
ban bhan mban
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

ReferencesEdit

JapaneseEdit

RomanizationEdit

ban

  1. Rōmaji transcription of ばん
  2. Rōmaji transcription of バン

KurdishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Related to Persian بام‎ (bâm).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ban ?

  1. roof

MaguindanaoEdit

NounEdit

ban

  1. sneeze

MandarinEdit

RomanizationEdit

ban

  1. Nonstandard spelling of bān.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of bǎn.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of bàn.

Usage notesEdit

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

MapudungunEdit

NounEdit

ban (using Raguileo Alphabet)

  1. death

VerbEdit

ban (using Raguileo Alphabet)

  1. To die.
  2. first-person singular realis form of ban; I died; I have died.

ConjugationEdit

    Conjugation of ban (See Appendix:Mapudungun conjugation.)
Infinitive ban
Root ba-
Tense particles
(See particles) 		-a- (future tense)
-pe- (past tense)
-fu- (distant past tense)
person singular dual plural
first second third first second third first second third
Realis mood iñce eymi fey iñciw eymu feygu iñciñ eymvn feygvn
ban baymi bay bayu baymu baygu bayiñ baymvn baygvn
Conditional mood iñce eymi fey iñciw eymu feygu iñciñ eymvn feygvn
bali balimi bale baliyu balimu bale egu baliyiñ balimvn bale egvn
Volitive mood iñce eymi fey iñciw eymu feygu iñciñ eymvn feygvn
baci bage bape bayu bamu bape egu bayiñ bamvn bape egvn

ReferencesEdit

  • Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Middle EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old English bana.

NounEdit

ban

  1. Alternative form of bane

Etymology 2Edit

From Old English bān.

NounEdit

ban

  1. Alternative form of bon

Norwegian BokmålEdit

VerbEdit

ban

  1. imperative of bane (Etymology 3)

O'odhamEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with Southeastern Tepehuan bhan, Northern Tepehuan bánai.

NounEdit

ban (plural ba꞉ban)

  1. coyote

Old EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *bainą. Cognate with Old Frisian bēn (West Frisian bien), Old Saxon bēn (Low German been, bein), Dutch been (“bone, leg”), Old High German bein (German Bein (“leg”)), Old Norse bein (Icelandic bein (“bone”)).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

bān n (nominative plural bān)

  1. bone

DeclensionEdit

Declension of ban (strong-a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative bān bān
accusative bān bān
genitive bānes bāna
dative bāne bānum

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

  • Middle English: bon, ban, bone, bane, boon
    • English: bone
    • Geordie English: byen
    • Scots: bane, bean, bain
    • Yola: bane

Old IrishEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ban

  1. genitive dual/plural of ben

VerbEdit

ban

  1. first-person plural imperative of is

Alternative formsEdit

MutationEdit

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
ban ban
pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ 		mban
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

PolishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

NounEdit

ban m anim

  1. ban (a subdivision of currency)
DeclensionEdit
declension of ban
singular plural
nominative ban bany
genitive bana banów
dative banowi banom
accusative bana bany
instrumental banem banami
locative banie banach
vocative banie bany

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed from English ban.

NounEdit

ban m anim

  1. ban (on the Internet)
DeclensionEdit
declension of ban
singular plural
nominative ban bany
genitive bana banów
dative banowi banom
accusative bana bany
instrumental banem banami
locative banie banach
vocative banie bany
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian ban, from Turkic.

NounEdit

ban m pers

  1. ban (title)
DeclensionEdit
declension of ban
singular plural
nominative ban banowie
genitive bana banów
dative banowi banom
accusative bana banów
instrumental banem banami
locative banie banach
vocative banie banowie

Further readingEdit

  • ban in Polish dictionaries at PWN

RomanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Unknown. Perhaps from Medieval Latin *bannus (“communication”), perhaps through a German intermediate.[1] Other theories derive the word from Proto-Slavic *banъ (“master, lord”) (via Serbo-Croatian or Hungarian). Ultimate Mongolian origin (баян (bajan, “rich lord; plutocrat”)) has also been proposed.[2]

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ban m (plural bani)

  1. money; coin

Usage notesEdit

Usually used in the plural form, bani

DeclensionEdit

Declension of ban
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) ban banul (niște) bani banii
genitive/dative (unui) ban banului (unor) bani banilor
vocative banule banilor

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ http://webdex.ro/etimologic/ban
  2. ^ Romanian vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, M. & Tadmor, U. (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

Serbo-CroatianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Late Proto-Slavic *banъ.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

bȃn m (Cyrillic spelling ба̑н)

  1. ban (title)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of ban
singular plural
nominative bȃn bánovi/bȃni
genitive bana bánōvā/bȃnā
dative banu banovima/banima
accusative bana banove/bane
vocative bane banovi/bani
locative banu banovima/banima
instrumental banom banovima/banima

VietnameseEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Sino-Vietnamese word from 班.

NounEdit

ban

  1. (historical) branch of administration in the feudal court (of which there are two types: the civil administrators and the martial office holders)
  2. group (of people doing the same work); band; board; squad; committee
  3. shift; work period
  4. (only in compounds) time period; section of the day
    Synonym: buổi
  5. (dated) (college-level) subject; (academic) department

Etymology 2Edit

NounEdit

(classifier cây, hoa) ban

  1. orchid tree (Bauhinia variegata)

Etymology 3Edit

Sino-Vietnamese word from 斑.

NounEdit

ban

  1. (medicine) rash

Etymology 4Edit

NounEdit

ban

  1. (Central Vietnam) ball

Etymology 5Edit

NounEdit

ban

  1. (colloquial) Alternative form of pan

Etymology 6Edit

Sino-Vietnamese word from 頒.

VerbEdit

ban

  1. (archaic) to confer on; to bestow
  2. (archaic) to announce; to herald; to proclaim

VolapükEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from French bain.

NounEdit

ban (nominative plural bans)

  1. bath

DeclensionEdit

declension of ban
singular plural
nominative ban bans
genitive bana banas
dative bane banes
accusative bani banis
vocative 1 o ban! o bans!
predicative 2 banu banus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived termsEdit

WelshEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Welsh bann, from Proto-Brythonic *bann, from Proto-Celtic *bandā.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ban m (plural bannau or bannoedd)

  1. peak

Derived termsEdit

MutationEdit

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
ban fan man unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further readingEdit

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950-), “ban”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

YagaraEdit

AdjectiveEdit

ban

  1. dirty
  2. nasty
  3. very angry

ReferencesEdit

ZazakiEdit

NounEdit

ban

  1. dome, cupola
  2. room

ZouEdit

NounEdit

ban

  1. arm

ReferencesEdit

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