ban
Translingual Edit
Symbol Edit
ban
English Edit
Pronunciation Edit
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /bæn/
- (æ-tensing) IPA(key): [bɛən], [beən]
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: -æn
Etymology 1 Edit
From Middle English bannen (“to summon; to banish; to curse”), partly from Old English bannan (“to summon, command, proclaim, call out”), from Proto-West Germanic *bannan; and partly from Old Norse banna (“to prohibit; to curse”), both from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, to order; to summon; to ban; to curse, forbid”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-new-ti ~ bʰh₂-n̥w-énti, innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present of *bʰeh₂- (“to say”).
Cognate with Dutch bannen (“to ban, exile, discard”), German bannen (“to exile, to exorcise, captivate, excommunicate”), Swedish banna (“to ban, scold”), Vedic Sanskrit भनति (bhánati), Armenian բան (ban) and perhaps Albanian banoj (“to reside, dwell”). See also banal, abandon.
Verb Edit
ban (third-person singular simple present bans, present participle banning, simple past and past participle banned)
- (transitive, obsolete) To summon; to call out.
- (transitive) To anathematize; to pronounce an ecclesiastical curse upon; to place under a ban.
- (transitive) To curse; to execrate.
- c. 1555, Hugh Latimer, a sermon
- They will curse and ban […] even into the deep pit of hell, all that gainsay their appetite.
- c. 1555, Hugh Latimer, a sermon
- (transitive) To prohibit; to interdict; to proscribe; to forbid or block from participation.
- 1816, Lord Byron, The Prisoner of Chillon:
- To whom the goodly earth and air Are banned
- 2011 December 14, Steven Morris, “Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, in Guardian:
- Jailing her on Wednesday, magistrate Liz Clyne told Robins: "You have shown little remorse either for the death of the kitten or the trauma to your former friend Sarah Knutton." She was also banned from keeping animals for 10 years.
- 2013 August 10, “A new prescription”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:
- No sooner has a [synthetic] drug been blacklisted than chemists adjust their recipe and start churning out a subtly different one. These “legal highs” are sold for the few months it takes the authorities to identify and ban them, and then the cycle begins again.
- Bare feet are banned in this establishment.
- (transitive, intransitive) To curse; to utter curses or maledictions.
- 1814 July 7, [Walter Scott], Waverley; […], volumes (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC:
- :“I seldom ban, sir,” said he to the man; “but if you play any of your hound's-foot tricks, and leave puir Berwick before he's sorted, to rin after spuilzie, deil be wi' me if I do not give your craig a thraw”
Synonyms Edit
Derived terms Edit
Translations Edit
|
Noun Edit
ban (plural bans)
- Prohibition.
- 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
- That sacred fruit, sacred to abstinence,
Much more to taste it under ban to touch
- A public proclamation or edict; a summons by public proclamation. Chiefly, in early use, a summons to arms.
- Bans is common and ordinary amongst the Feudists, and signifies a proclamation, or any public notice.
- The gathering of the (French) king's vassals for war; the whole body of vassals so assembled, or liable to be summoned; originally, the same as arrière-ban: in the 16th c., French usage created a distinction between ban and arrière-ban, for which see the latter word.
- He has sent abroad to assemble his ban and arriere ban.
- The Ban and the Arrierban are met armed in the field to choose a king.
- France was at such a Pinch..that they call'd their Ban and Arriere Ban, the assembling whereof had been long discussed, and in a manner antiquated.
- The ban was sometimes convoked, that is, the possessors of the fiefs were called upon for military services.
- The act of calling together the vassals in armed array, was entitled ‘convoking the ban.
- (obsolete) A curse or anathema.
- c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:
- With Hecate's ban thrice blasted, thrice infected
- A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending against a ban, such as a mulct paid to a bishop by one guilty of sacrilege or other crimes.
Related terms Edit
Translations Edit
|
See also Edit
Etymology 2 Edit
Borrowed from Romanian ban of uncertain origin, perhaps from Serbo-Croatian bân.
Noun Edit
ban (plural bani)
- A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Romanian leu.
- A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Moldovan leu.
Translations Edit
Etymology 3 Edit
From Banburismus; coined by Alan Turing.
Noun Edit
ban (plural bans)
- A unit measuring information or entropy based on base-ten logarithms, rather than the base-two logarithms that define the bit.
Synonyms Edit
Derived terms Edit
See also Edit
Etymology 4 Edit
From South Slavic (compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.
Noun Edit
ban (plural bans)
- A title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.
Related terms Edit
Translations Edit
Anagrams Edit
Bambara Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Verb Edit
ban
- to finish
References Edit
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Catalan Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
Noun Edit
ban m (plural bans)
- ban (a public proclamation or edict)
Derived terms Edit
Etymology 2 Edit
Noun Edit
ban m (plural bans)
- ban (a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century)
Derived terms Edit
Further reading Edit
- “ban” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “ban”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “ban” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “ban” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Chibcha Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
ban
References Edit
- Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.
- Quesada Pacheco, Miguel Ángel. 1991. El vocabulario mosco de 1612. En estudios de Lingüística Chibcha. Programa de investigación del departamento de lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Serie Anual Tomo X San José (Costa Rica). Universidad de Costa Rica.
- Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico Gramática de Lugo. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.
Chinese Edit
Etymology Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Verb Edit
ban
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet) to ban
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, of ideas or proposals) to reject
Synonyms Edit
- (to reject): foul
Dutch Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
From Middle Dutch ban. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
ban m (plural bannen)
- excommunication, denunciation, shunning
- anathema which is cast upon one who is excommunicated
- magic spell
- (historical) legal or feudal domain
- (historical) public declaration
- (archaic) exile
Derived terms Edit
Related terms Edit
Etymology 2 Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
ban m (plural bans)
- a revocation of permission to access or participate
- Synonym: toegangsverbod
- De forumgebruiker die zich heeft misdragen heeft een ban gekregen.
- The forum user that misbehaved has been given a ban.
Usage notes Edit
Mostly common within internet communities.
Etymology 3 Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation Edit
Verb Edit
ban
- inflection of bannen:
Etymology 4 Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation Edit
Verb Edit
ban
- inflection of bannen:
French Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
From Old French ban, from Frankish *ban.
Noun Edit
ban m (plural bans)
- (dated) public declaration
- (dated) announcement of a marriage; banns
- (East of France, Belgium) territory
Derived terms Edit
- arrière-ban
- en rupture de ban
- mettre au ban
- bannière
- banal
- banir
- bannissement
- banlieue
- abandon
- abandonner
- abandonné
- forban
Etymology 2 Edit
Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian bȃn. See English ban.
Noun Edit
ban m (plural bans)
- ban (nobleman)
Further reading Edit
- “ban”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
- Nelly Andrieux-Reix (1989) Ancien français : Fiches de vocabulaire, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, →ISBN, page 22
Haitian Creole Edit
Etymology Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb Edit
ban
Synonyms Edit
Iberian Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Numeral Edit
ban
- A particle interpreted as the numeral 'one' by Eduardo Orduña and Joan Ferrer, and compared to Basque bat (“one”).
Further reading Edit
- Eduardo Orduña [Aznar], Los numerales ibéricos y el protovasco
- Joan Ferrer i Jané, El sistema de numerales ibérico: avances en su conocimiento
Indonesian Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
- From Dutch band, from Middle Dutch bant.
- The sense “band” is a semantic loan from English band.
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
ban (first-person possessive banku, second-person possessive banmu, third-person possessive bannya)
- tyre, tire.
- Synonym: tayar (Standard Malay)
- tape
- Synonym: pita
- belt
- Synonyms: ikat pinggang, sabuk
- (physics) band, a part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- Synonym: pita
Derived terms Edit
Related terms Edit
Etymology 2 Edit
From Dutch baan, from Middle Dutch bāne, from Old Dutch *bana, from Proto-Germanic *banō.
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
ban (first-person possessive banku, second-person possessive banmu, third-person possessive bannya)
- a road, way, path
- a track, lane
- Synonym: lintasan
- (sports, ball games) court, field (place for playing sports or games, in particular non-team ball games)
Etymology 3 Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
ban
Verb Edit
ban
Further reading Edit
- “ban” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Irish Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
ban f pl
Mutation Edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
ban | bhan | mban |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References Edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ban”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Japanese Edit
Romanization Edit
ban
Maguindanao Edit
Noun Edit
ban
Mandarin Edit
Romanization Edit
ban
Usage notes Edit
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Mapudungun Edit
Noun Edit
ban (Raguileo spelling)
Verb Edit
ban (Raguileo spelling)
- To die.
- first-person singular realis form of ban; I died; I have died.
Conjugation Edit
Infinitive1 | baael | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Root | ba- | |||||||||
Tense particles (See particles) |
-a- (future tense) | |||||||||
-pe- (past tense) | ||||||||||
-fu- (distant past tense) | ||||||||||
person | singular | dual | plural | |||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
Realis mood | iñce | eymi | fey | iñciw | eymu | feygu | iñciñ | eymvn | feygvn | |
present | ban | baymi | bay | bayu | baymu | baygu | bayiñ | baymvn | baygvn | |
past | bapen | bapeymi | bape | bapeyu | bapeymu | bapeygu | bapeyiñ | bapeymvn | bapeygvn | |
distant past | bafun | bafuymi | bafu | bafuyu | bafuymu | bafuygu | bafuyiñ | bafuymvn | bafuygvn | |
future | baan | baaymi | baay | baayu | baaymu | baaygu | baayiñ | baaymvn | baaygvn | |
Conditional mood | iñce | eymi | fey | iñciw | eymu | feygu | iñciñ | eymvn | feygvn | |
present | bali | balimi | bale | baliyu | balimu | bale egu | baliyiñ | balimvn | bale egvn | |
Volitive mood | iñce | eymi | fey | iñciw | eymu | feygu | iñciñ | eymvn | feygvn | |
present | baci | bage | bape | bayu | bamu | bape egu | bayiñ | bamvn | bape egvn |
Infinitive1 | banoael | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tense particles (See particles) |
-a- (future tense) | |||||||||
-pe- (past tense) | ||||||||||
-fu- (distant past tense) | ||||||||||
person | singular | dual | plural | |||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
Realis mood | iñce | eymi | fey | iñciw | eymu | feygu | iñciñ | eymvn | feygvn | |
present | balan | balaymi | balay | balayu | balaymu | balaygu | balayiñ | balaymvn | balaygvn | |
past | balapen | balapeymi | balapey | balapeyu | balapeymu | balapeygu | balapeyiñ | balapeymvn | balapeygvn | |
distant past | balafun | balafuymi | balafuy | balafuyu | balafuymu | balafuygu | balafuyiñ | balafuymvn | balafuygvn | |
future | balayan | balayaymi | balayay | balayayu | balayaymu | balayaygu | balayayiñ | balayaymvn | balayaygvn | |
Conditional mood | iñce | eymi | fey | iñciw | eymu | feygu | iñciñ | eymvn | feygvn | |
present | banoli | banolimi | banole | banoliyu | banolimu | banole egu | banoliyiñ | banolimvn | banole egvn | |
Volitive mood | iñce | eymi | fey | iñciw | eymu | feygu | iñciñ | eymvn | feygvn | |
present | bakilci | bakilge | bakilpe | bakilyu | bakilmu | bakilpe egu | bakilyiñ | bakilmvn | bakilpe egvn |
References Edit
- Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
Maranao Edit
Verb Edit
ban
- to sneeze
Middle English Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
From Old English bana.
Noun Edit
ban
- Alternative form of bane
Etymology 2 Edit
From Old English bān.
Noun Edit
ban
- Alternative form of bon
Min Nan Edit
For pronunciation and definitions of ban – see 屘 (“the youngest”). (This character, ban, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 屘.) |
Northern Kurdish Edit
Etymology Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
ban ?
Norwegian Bokmål Edit
Verb Edit
ban
- imperative of bane (Etymology 3)
Norwegian Nynorsk Edit
Etymology Edit
From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.
Noun Edit
ban n
O'odham Edit
Etymology Edit
Cognate with Southeastern Tepehuan bhan, Northern Tepehuan bánai.
Noun Edit
ban (plural ba꞉ban)
Old English Edit
Etymology Edit
From Proto-West Germanic *bain, Proto-Germanic *bainą.
Cognate with Old Frisian bēn (West Frisian bien), Old Saxon bēn (Low German been, bein), Dutch been (“bone, leg”), Old High German bein (German Bein (“leg”)), Old Norse bein (Icelandic bein (“bone”)).
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
bān n (nominative plural bān)
Declension Edit
Derived terms Edit
Descendants Edit
Old Irish Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
ban
Verb Edit
ban
Alternative forms Edit
Mutation Edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ban | ban pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ |
mban |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Phalura Edit
Etymology Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation Edit
Adjective Edit
ban (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بن)
- closed
- blocked, stopped
Alternative forms Edit
References Edit
Polish Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
Noun Edit
ban m anim
- ban (subdivision of currency)
Etymology 2 Edit
Borrowed from English ban, from Middle English bannen (“to summon; to bannish; to curse”), partly from Old English bannan (“to summon, command, proclaim, call out”) and partly from Old Norse banna (“to prohibit; to curse”), both from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, to order; to summon; to ban; to curse, forbid”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-new-ti ~ bʰh₂-n̥w-énti, innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present of *bʰeh₂- (“to say”).
Noun Edit
ban m anim
Declension Edit
Derived terms Edit
Etymology 3 Edit
Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian ban, from Late Proto-Slavic *banъ, from Turkic.
Noun Edit
ban m pers
- ban (title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century)
Declension Edit
Further reading Edit
Romanian Edit
Alternative forms Edit
Etymology Edit
Unknown. Perhaps from Medieval Latin *bannus (“communication”), perhaps through a German intermediate.[1] Other theories derive the word from Proto-Slavic *banъ (“master, lord”) (via Serbo-Croatian or Hungarian). Ultimate Mongolian origin (баян (bajan, “rich lord; plutocrat”)) has also been proposed.[2]
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
ban m (plural bani)
Usage notes Edit
Usually used in the plural form, bani
Declension Edit
See also Edit
References Edit
- ^ http://webdex.ro/etimologic/ban
- ^ Romanian vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, M. & Tadmor, U. (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
Serbo-Croatian Edit
Etymology Edit
From Late Proto-Slavic *banъ.
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
bȃn m (Cyrillic spelling ба̑н)
- ban (title)
Declension Edit
Vietnamese Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
Sino-Vietnamese word from 班.
Noun Edit
ban
- (historical) branch of administration in the feudal court (of which there are two types: the civil administrators and the martial office holders)
- group (of people doing the same work); band; board; squad; committee
- shift; work period
- (only in compounds) time period; section of the day
- Synonym: buổi
- ban trưa ― noon
- (dated) (college-level) subject; (academic) department
Etymology 2 Edit
Noun Edit
Etymology 3 Edit
Sino-Vietnamese word from 斑.
Noun Edit
ban
Etymology 4 Edit
Noun Edit
ban
Etymology 5 Edit
Noun Edit
ban
- (colloquial) Alternative form of pan
Etymology 6 Edit
Sino-Vietnamese word from 頒.
Verb Edit
ban
Volapük Edit
Etymology Edit
Noun Edit
ban (nominative plural bans)
Declension Edit
Derived terms Edit
Welsh Edit
Etymology Edit
From Middle Welsh bann, from Proto-Brythonic *bann, from Proto-Celtic *bandā.
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
ban m (plural bannau or bannoedd)
Derived terms Edit
- Pen y Fan
- Bannau Brycheiniog (“Brecon Beacons”)
Mutation Edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
ban | fan | man | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading Edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ban”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Yagara Edit
Adjective Edit
ban
References Edit
- State Library of Queensland, ABORIGINAL LANGUAGES OF THE GREATER BRISBANE AREA, 16 March 2015.
Zazaki Edit
Noun Edit
ban
Zou Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
bàn
References Edit
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 41