ban

See also: Ban and Appendix:Variations of "ban"

Contents

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bæn/
• Rhymes: -æn

Etymology 1

From Middle English bannen (“to summon; to bannish; to curse”), partly from Old English bannan (“to summon, command, proclaim, call out”) and partly from Old Norse banna (“to prohibit; to curse”), both from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, to order; to summon; to ban; to curse, forbid”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-new-ti ~ bʰh₂-nu-énti, nasal-infixed zero-grade of *bʰeh₂- (“to say”). Cognate with Dutch bannen (“to ban, exile, discard”), German bannen (“to exile, to exorcise, captivate, excommunicate”), Swedish banna (“to ban, scold”), Vedic Sanskrit भनति (bhánati), Armenian բան (ban) and perhaps Albanian banoj (“to reside, dwell”). See also banal, abandon.

Verb

ban (third-person singular simple present bans, present participle banning, simple past and past participle banned)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To summon; to call out.
2. (transitive) To anathematize; to pronounce an ecclesiastical curse upon; to place under a ban.
3. (transitive) To curse; to execrate.
   • (Can we find and add a quotation of Spenser to this entry?)
   • (Can we find and add a quotation of Sir Walter Scott to this entry?)
4. (transitive) To prohibit; to interdict; to proscribe; to forbid or block from participation.
   • (Can we find and add a quotation of Byron to this entry?)
   • 2011 December 14, Steven Morris, “Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, in Guardian:

     Jailing her on Wednesday, magistrate Liz Clyne told Robins: "You have shown little remorse either for the death of the kitten or the trauma to your former friend Sarah Knutton." She was also banned from keeping animals for 10 years.

   • 2013 August 10, “A new prescription”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:

     No sooner has a [synthetic] drug been blacklisted than chemists adjust their recipe and start churning out a subtly different one. These “legal highs” are sold for the few months it takes the authorities to identify and ban them, and then the cycle begins again.

   Bare feet are banned in this establishment.

5. (transitive) To curse; to utter curses or maledictions.

Synonyms

• forbid
• prohibit
• disallow

Derived terms

• forban

Translations

forbid

• Armenian: please add this translation if you can
• Belarusian: забараня́ць impf (zabaranjácʹ), забарані́ць pf (zabaranícʹ)
• Bulgarian: забранявам (bg) (zabranjavam), анатемосвам (bg) (anatemosvam)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 禁止 (zh) (jìnzhǐ)

• Czech: zakazovat (cs) impf, zakázat (cs) pf
• Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: kieltää (fi)
• French: interdire (fr), proscrire (fr)
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: verbieten (de)
• Greek: απαγορεύω (el) (apagorévo)
• Hungarian: tilt (hu), kitilt (hu)
• Icelandic: banna (is)
• Indonesian: cekal (id)
• Italian: espellere (it), vietare (it), censurare (it), bandire (it)
• Japanese: 禁止する (ja) (きんしする, kinshi-suru)
• Khmer: ប្រាម (km) (praam), អាយ័ត (km) (aayat)

• Korean: 금지하다 (ko) (geumjihada)
• Latin: veto, interdico
• Maori: whakakati, rāhui
• Mongolian: хориглох (mn) (horigloh)
• Norwegian: forby, utelukke
• Polish: zakazywać (pl) impf, zakazać (pl) pf
• Portuguese: proibir (pt), banir (pt)
• Romanian: interzice (ro)
• Russian: запреща́ть (ru) impf (zapreščátʹ), запрети́ть (ru) pf (zapretítʹ), ба́нить (ru) impf (bánitʹ), (internet, slang) заба́нить (ru) pf (zabánitʹ)
• Slovene: prepovedati (sl)
• Spanish: prohibir (es)
• Swedish: banna (sv), förbjuda (sv)
• Tagalog: ipasahat
• Tamil: தடை (ta) (taṭai)
• Telugu: నిషేధించు (te) (niṣēdhiñcu)
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Ukrainian: забороня́ти impf (zaboronjáty), заборони́ти pf (zaboronýty)
• Vietnamese: cấm (vi)

Noun

ban (plural bans)

1. prohibition
   • Milton

     under ban to touch

2. A public proclamation or edict; a summons by public proclamation. Chiefly, in early use, a summons to arms.

   Bans is common and ordinary amongst the Feudists, and signifies a proclamation, or any public notice.

3. The gathering of the (French) king's vassals for war; the whole body of vassals so assembled, or liable to be summoned; originally, the same as arrière-ban: in the 16th c., French usage created a distinction between ban and arrière-ban, for which see the latter word.

   He has sent abroad to assemble his ban and arriere ban.

   The Ban and the Arrierban are met armed in the field to choose a king.

   France was at such a Pinch..that they call'd their Ban and Arriere Ban, the assembling whereof had been long discussed, and in a manner antiquated.

   The ban was sometimes convoked, that is, the possessors of the fiefs were called upon for military services.

   The act of calling together the vassals in armed array, was entitled ‘convoking the ban.

4. (obsolete) A curse or anathema.
   • Shakespeare

     Hecate's ban

5. A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending against a ban, such as a mulct paid to a bishop by one guilty of sacrilege or other crimes.

Related terms

• black ban
• total fire ban

Translations

prohibition

• Armenian: please add this translation if you can
• Belarusian: забаро́на f (zabaróna)
• Bulgarian: забрана (bg) (zabrana), запрещение (bg) (zapreštenie), анатема (bg) (anatema)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 禁止 (zh) (jìnzhǐ)

• Czech: zákaz (cs)
• Danish: forbud n
• Dutch: verbod (nl) n
• Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: kielto (fi)
• French: interdiction (fr)
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: Verbot (de) n
• Greek: απαγόρευση (el) f (apagórefsi)
• Icelandic: bann n
• Italian: proibizione (it), divieto (it)
• Japanese: 禁止 (ja) (きんし, kinshi)

• Khmer: បំរាម (bɑmraam)
• Korean: 금지 (ko) (geumji), 禁止 (ko)
• Latin: vetitum n
• Luxembourgish: Verbuet n
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Norwegian: utvisning m, f, forvisning m, f, forvisning f

  Bokmål: forbud (no) n

• Polish: zakaz (pl) m
• Portuguese: proibição (pt) f
• Russian: запре́т (ru) m (zaprét), запреще́ние (ru) n (zapreščénije), бан (ru) m (ban) (internet slang)
• Spanish: prohibición (es) f
• Swedish: förbud (sv) n
• Telugu: నిషేధము (te) (niṣēdhamu)
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Ukrainian: заборо́на (zaboróna)
• Vietnamese: please add this translation if you can
• West Frisian: ferbod

See also

• banns

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Romanian ban of uncertain origin, perhaps from Serbo-Croatian bân.

Noun

ban (plural bani)

1. A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Romanian leu
2. A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Moldovan leu

Translations

a subdivision of currency

• German: Ban (de) m
• Hungarian: bani (hu)

• Polish: ban (pl) m
• Romanian: ban (ro) m

Etymology 3

From Banburismus; coined by Alan Turing.

Noun

ban (plural bans)

1. A unit measuring information or entropy based on base-ten logarithms, rather than the base-two logarithms that define the bit.

Synonyms

• dit, hartley

Derived terms

• deciban

See also

• bit, nat, qubit

Etymology 4

From South Slavic ban (compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.

Noun

ban (plural bans)

1. A title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.

Related terms

• banat, banate, Banat

Translations

title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe

• German: Ban (de) m, Banus m
• Hungarian: bán (hu)
• Italian: bano m

• Polish: ban (pl) m
• Romanian: ban (ro) m

Anagrams

• ABN, BNA, NAB, NBA, nab

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Bambara

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bã˦]

Verb

ban

1. to finish

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑn

Etymology 1

Noun

ban m (plural bannen)

1. excommunication, denunciation
2. anathema which is cast upon one who is excommunicated
3. magic spell
4. (archaic) exile

Verb

ban

1. first-person singular present indicative of bannen
2. imperative of bannen

Etymology 2

Likely borrowed from the English noun ban and verb banning.

Noun

ban m (plural bans)

1. a revocation of permission to access or participate

   Synonym: toegangsverbod

   De forumgebruiker die zich heeft misdragen heeft een ban gekregen.

   The forum user that misbehaved has been given a ban.

Verb

ban

1. to revoke permission to access or participate

   Synonyms: eruit trappen, eruit gooien, de toegang verbieden

   De spammende gebruikers zullen we bannen.

   We will ban the spamming users.

Usage notes

Mostly common within internet communities. Although a ban never needs to be paid for, ban may be used with gratis (gratis ban) similar to English free ban to express gratitude for giving the ban.

Ik heb die klootzak een gratis ban gegeven.

I gave that asshole a free ban.

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑ̃/
• Homophones: banc, bancs, bans

Etymology 1

From Old French ban, from Frankish *ban.

Noun

ban m (plural bans)

1. (dated) public declaration
2. (dated) announcement of a marriage
3. (East of France, Belgium) territory

Derived terms

• arrière-ban

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian bȃn. See English ban.

Noun

ban m (plural bans)

1. ban (nobleman)

Further reading

• “ban” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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Haitian Creole

Etymology

Verb

ban

1. give

Synonyms

• ban
• bay

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Iberian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ban]

Numeral

ban

1. A particle interpreted as the numeral 'one' by Eduardo Orduña and Joan Ferrer, and compared to Basque bat (“one”).

Further reading

• Eduardo Orduña [Aznar], Los numerales ibéricos y el protovasco
• Joan Ferrer i Jané, El sistema de numerales ibérico: avances en su conocimiento

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Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch band (“band, connection, tire/tyre”).

Noun

ban

1. tyre / tire

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Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ban]

Noun

ban f pl

1. genitive plural of bean

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
ban	bhan	mban
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• "ban" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.

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Japanese

Romanization

ban

1. Rōmaji transcription of ばん
2. Rōmaji transcription of バン

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Kurdish

Etymology

Related to Persian بام‎ (bâm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɑːn/

Noun

ban ?

1. roof

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Maguindanao

Noun

ban

1. sneeze

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Mandarin

Romanization

ban

1. Nonstandard spelling of bān.
2. Nonstandard spelling of bǎn.
3. Nonstandard spelling of bàn.

Usage notes

• English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

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Mapudungun

Noun

ban (using Raguileo Alphabet)

1. death

Verb

ban (using Raguileo Alphabet)

1. To die.
2. First-person singular realis mood form of ban; I died; I have died.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ban (See Appendix:Mapudungun conjugation.)

Infinitive		ban
Root		ba-
Tense particles (See particles)		-a- (future tense)
		-pe- (past tense)
		-fu- (distant past tense)
person	singular			dual			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third	first	second	third
Realis mood	iñce	eymi	fey	iñciw	eymu	feygu	iñciñ	eymvn	feygvn
	ban	baymi	bay	bayu	baymu	baygu	bayiñ	baymvn	baygvn
Conditional mood	iñce	eymi	fey	iñciw	eymu	feygu	iñciñ	eymvn	feygvn
	bali	balimi	bale	baliyu	balimu	bale egu	baliyiñ	balimvn	bale egvn
Volitive mood	iñce	eymi	fey	iñciw	eymu	feygu	iñciñ	eymvn	feygvn
	baci	bage	bape	bayu	bamu	bape egu	bayiñ	bamvn	bape egvn

References

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

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Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English bana.

Noun

ban

1. Alternative form of bane

Etymology 2

From Old English bān.

Noun

ban

1. Alternative form of bon

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Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

ban

1. imperative of bane (Etymology 3)

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O'odham

Noun

ban (plural ba꞉ban)

1. coyote

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Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bainą. Cognate with Old Frisian bēn (West Frisian bien), Old Saxon bēn (Low German been, bein), Dutch been (“bone, leg”), Old High German bein (German Bein (“leg”)), Old Norse bein (Icelandic bein (“bone”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑːn/

Noun

bān n (nominative plural bān)

1. bone

Declension

Declension of ban (strong a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	bān	bān
accusative	bān	bān
genitive	bānes	bāna
dative	bāne	bānum

Derived terms

• bānlēas
• hryċġbān
• sċinbān

Descendants

• Middle English: ban, bon
  • Scots: bane, bean, bain
  • English: bone
  • Northumbrian: byen

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Old Irish

Alternative forms

• baán

Verb

ban

1. first-person plural imperative of is

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Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ban/

• audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

Noun

ban m anim

1. ban (a subdivision of currency)

Declension

declension of ban

	singular	plural
nominative	ban	bany
genitive	bana	banów
dative	banowi	banom
accusative	bana	bany
instrumental	banem	banami
locative	banie	banach
vocative	banie	bany

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English ban.

Noun

ban m anim

1. ban (on the Internet)

Declension

declension of ban

	singular	plural
nominative	ban	bany
genitive	bana	banów
dative	banowi	banom
accusative	bana	bany
instrumental	banem	banami
locative	banie	banach
vocative	banie	bany

Derived terms

• banować

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian ban, from Turkish bajan.

Noun

ban m pers

1. ban (title)

Declension

declension of ban

	singular	plural
nominative	ban	banowie
genitive	bana	banów
dative	banowi	banom
accusative	bana	banów
instrumental	banem	banami
locative	banie	banach
vocative	banie	banowie

Further reading

• ban in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Romanian

Etymology

Unknown. Perhaps from Medieval Latin *bannus (“communication”), perhaps through a German intermediate.

Noun

ban m (plural bani)

1. money; coin

Usage notes

Usually used in the plural form, bani

Declension

declension of ban

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) ban	banul	(niște) bani	banii
genitive/dative	(unui) ban	banului	(unor) bani	banilor
vocative	banule		banilor

See also

• bancnotă (“paper money, bank note”)
• monedă

References

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Late Proto-Slavic *banъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bâːn/
• Rhymes: -âːn

Noun

bȃn m (Cyrillic spelling ба̑н)

1. ban (title)

Declension

Declension of ban

	singular	plural
nominative	bȃn	bánovi/bȃni
genitive	bana	bánōvā/bȃnā
dative	banu	banovima/banima
accusative	bana	banove/bane
vocative	bane	banovi/bani
locative	banu	banovima/banima
instrumental	banom	banovima/banima

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Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaːn˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˧˧]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˧˧]

Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 班.

Noun

ban

1. (historical) branch of administration in the feudal court (of which there are two types: the civil administrators and the martial office holders)
2. group (of people doing the same work); band; board; squad; committee
3. shift; work period
4. (only in compounds) time period; section of the day

   Synonym: buổi

5. (dated) (college-level) subject; (academic) department

Etymology 2

Noun

(classifier cây, hoa) ban

1. orchid tree (Bauhinia variegata)

Etymology 3

Sino-Vietnamese word from 斑.

Noun

ban

1. (medicine) rash

Etymology 4

Noun

ban

1. (Central Vietnam) ball

Etymology 5

Noun

ban

1. (colloquial) Alternative form of pan

Etymology 6

Sino-Vietnamese word from 頒.

Verb

ban

1. (archaic) to confer on; to bestow
2. (archaic) to announce; to herald; to proclaim

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Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from French bain.

Noun

ban (plural bans)

1. bath

Declension

declension of ban

	singular	plural
nominative	ban	bans
genitive	bana	banas
dative	bane	banes
accusative	bani	banis
vocative 1	o ban!	o bans!
predicative 2	banu	banus

• ¹ status as a case is disputed
• ² in some later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

• banön

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Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *bann, from Proto-Celtic *bandā.

Noun

ban m (plural bannau or bannoedd)

1. peak

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
ban	fan	man	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

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Zazaki

Noun

ban

1. dome, cupola