Hindi

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Sanskrit वर्ण (várṇa). Doublet of बान (bān).

Pronunciation

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  • (Delhi) IPA(key): /ʋəɾɳ/, [ʋɐɾɳ]

Noun

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वर्ण (varṇm

  1. color
    Synonym: रंग (raṅg)
  2. race (ethnic group, often categorized by skin colour)
  3. caste, class
  4. letter
    वर्णमालाvarṇamālāalphabet
  5. (phonetics) a phone

Declension

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Derived terms

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References

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Marathi

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Marathi Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia mr

Etymology

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Borrowed from Sanskrit वर्ण (várṇa).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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वर्ण (varṇam

  1. colour
    Synonym: रंग (raṅga)
  2. complexion
    कृष्णवर्ण
    kŕṣṇavarṇa
    dark complexion
  3. letter

Derived terms

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Sanskrit

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Sanskrit Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sa

Alternative scripts

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wárnas, from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (to cover). By surface analysis, वृ (vṛ, cover, root) +‎ -न (-na). Compare वृणोति (vṛṇoti, to cover), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵 (varənah, covering), English warn.

    Noun

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    वर्ण (várṇa) stemm

    1. covering, cloak, mantle
    2. cover, lid
    3. outward appearance, exterior, figure, form, shape, color
    4. color of the face, (esp. good color or complexion), luster, beauty
    5. color, tint, dye, pigment
      1. (by extension) race, species, kind, caste
    6. the order or arrangement of a song or poem
    Declension
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    Masculine a-stem declension of वर्ण (várṇa)
    Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative वर्णः
    várṇaḥ
    वर्णौ / वर्णा¹
    várṇau / várṇā¹
    वर्णाः / वर्णासः¹
    várṇāḥ / várṇāsaḥ¹
    Vocative वर्ण
    várṇa
    वर्णौ / वर्णा¹
    várṇau / várṇā¹
    वर्णाः / वर्णासः¹
    várṇāḥ / várṇāsaḥ¹
    Accusative वर्णम्
    várṇam
    वर्णौ / वर्णा¹
    várṇau / várṇā¹
    वर्णान्
    várṇān
    Instrumental वर्णेन
    várṇena
    वर्णाभ्याम्
    várṇābhyām
    वर्णैः / वर्णेभिः¹
    várṇaiḥ / várṇebhiḥ¹
    Dative वर्णाय
    várṇāya
    वर्णाभ्याम्
    várṇābhyām
    वर्णेभ्यः
    várṇebhyaḥ
    Ablative वर्णात्
    várṇāt
    वर्णाभ्याम्
    várṇābhyām
    वर्णेभ्यः
    várṇebhyaḥ
    Genitive वर्णस्य
    várṇasya
    वर्णयोः
    várṇayoḥ
    वर्णानाम्
    várṇānām
    Locative वर्णे
    várṇe
    वर्णयोः
    várṇayoḥ
    वर्णेषु
    várṇeṣu
    Notes
    • ¹Vedic
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    Probably a semantic extension of the "color, species" meaning above.

    Noun

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    वर्ण (várṇa) stemm

    1. a letter, sound, vowel, syllable, word
    2. a musical sound or note (also applied to the voice of animals)
    3. praise, commendation, renown, glory
    Descendants
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    References

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    • व॑र्ण” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 475, column 2.
    • Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “वर्ण”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 271
    • Monier Williams (1899) “Várṇa”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 924, column 2.
    • Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 737
    • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 517-518
    • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎[2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 154