संस्कृत

See also: संस्कृति

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit संस्कृत (saṃskṛtá, “put together, refined”).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /sən.skɾɪt̪/, [sɐ̃n.skɾɪt̪]

• Audio:

  (file)

Proper noun

संस्कृत • (sanskŕt) f (Urdu spelling سنسکرت)

1. Sanskrit (language)

Declension

Declension of संस्कृत (sg-only fem cons-stem)

	singular
direct	संस्कृत sanskŕt
oblique	संस्कृत sanskŕt
vocative	संस्कृत sanskŕt

Adjective

संस्कृत • (sanskŕt) (indeclinable)

1. perfect, refined

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit संस्कृत (saṃskṛtá, “perfected, refined”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /səus.kɾut̪/, [səus.kɾuːt̪]

Proper noun

संस्कृत • (sauskŕt) ?

1. Sanskrit (language)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “संस्कृत”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Nepali

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit संस्कृत (saṃskṛtá, “perfected, refined”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sʌnskɾit̪]
• Phonetic Devanagari: सन्स्क्रित्
• IPA^(key): [sʌ̃skɾit̪]
• Phonetic Devanagari: सँस्क्रित्

Proper noun

संस्कृत • (sanskr̥t)

1. Sanskrit

Declension

Declension of संस्कृत
	Singular
nominative	संस्कृत [sʌnskrit̪]
accusative	संस्कृतलाई [sʌnskrit̪läi]
instrumental/ergative	संस्कृतले [sʌnskrit̪le]
dative	संस्कृतलाई [sʌnskrit̪läi]
ablative	संस्कृतबाट [sʌnskrit̪̚bäʈʌ]
genitive	संस्कृतको [sʌnskrit̪̚ko]
locative	संस्कृतमा [sʌnskrit̪mä]
Notes: -को (-ko) becomes: -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun. -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Sanskrit

FWOTD – 26 March 2017

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• সংস্কৃত (Assamese script)
• ᬲᬂᬲ᭄ᬓᬺᬢ (Balinese script)
• সংস্কৃত (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰽𑰭𑰿𑰎𑰴𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑀁𑀲𑁆𑀓𑀾𑀢 (Brahmi script)
• သံသ္ကၖတ (Burmese script)
• સંસ્કૃત (Gujarati script)
• ਸਂਸ੍ਕ੍ਰਤ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑌂𑌸𑍍𑌕𑍃𑌤 (Grantha script)
• ꦱꦁꦱ꧀ꦏꦽꦠ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂁𑂮𑂹𑂍𑃂𑂞 (Kaithi script)
• ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ (Kannada script)
• សំស្ក្ឫត (Khmer script)
• ສໍສ຺ກ຺ຣິຕ (Lao script)
• സംസ്കൃത (Malayalam script)
• ᢀ᠋ᠰ᠌ᠠᠰ᠌ᡬᡵᡳᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘽𑘭𑘿𑘎𑘵𑘝 (Modi script)
• ᢀ᠋ᠰᠠᠰᢉᠷᠢᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧞𑧍𑧠𑦮𑧖𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑑄𑐳𑑂𑐎𑐺𑐟 (Newa script)
• ସଂସ୍କୃତ (Odia script)
• ꢱꢀꢱ꣄ꢒꢺꢡ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑆁𑆱𑇀𑆑𑆸𑆠 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖽𑖭𑖿𑖎𑖴𑖝 (Siddham script)
• සංස‍්කෘත (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁𑪖𑪁 𑪙𑩜𑩙𑩫 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚫𑚨𑚶𑚊𑚙 (Takri script)
• ஸஂஸ்க்ரித (Tamil script)
• సంస్కృత (Telugu script)
• สํสฺกฺฤต (Thai script)
• སཾ་སྐྲྀ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑓀𑒮𑓂𑒏𑒵𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑨸𑨰𑩇𑨋𑨼𑨉𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Compound of सम्- (sam-, “together, wholly”) +‎ स्कृ (skṛ, “to do”) +‎ -त (-ta, “-ed”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /s̪ɐ́ms̪.kr̩.t̪ɐ/, /s̪ɐms̪.kr̩.t̪ɐ́/
• IPA^(key): /ˈs̪ɐms̪.kr̩.t̪ɐ/

Adjective

सं॒स्कृ॒त or संस्कृ॑त • (saṃskṛtá or sáṃskṛta) stem

1. put together, constructed, well or completely formed, perfected
   • c. 200 CE, Lalitavistara Sūtra
2. made ready, prepared, completed, finished
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
3. dressed, cooked (as food)
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
   • c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa
   • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa
4. purified, consecrated, sanctified, hallowed, initiated
   • c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
5. refined, adorned, ornamented, polished, highly elaborated (especially applied to highly wrought speech, such as the Sanskrit language, as opposed to the vernaculars)
   • c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 5.30.17:

     अहं त्व् अतितनुश् चैव वानरश् च विशेषतः ।
     वाचं चोदाहरिष्यामि मानुषीम् इह संस्कृताम् ॥

     ahaṃ tv atitanuś caiva vānaraś ca viśeṣataḥ.
     vācaṃ codāhariṣyāmi mānuṣīm iha saṃskṛtām.

     I am quite small and especially, I am a monkey;
     And nonetheless, I will speak the perfected speech of the humans here.

   • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
6. (Buddhism) conditioned; brought about by conditions

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of संस्कृत (saṃskṛtá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	संस्कृतः saṃskṛtáḥ	संस्कृतौ / संस्कृता¹ saṃskṛtaú / saṃskṛtā́¹	संस्कृताः / संस्कृतासः¹ saṃskṛtā́ḥ / saṃskṛtā́saḥ¹
Vocative	संस्कृत sáṃskṛta	संस्कृतौ / संस्कृता¹ sáṃskṛtau / sáṃskṛtā¹	संस्कृताः / संस्कृतासः¹ sáṃskṛtāḥ / sáṃskṛtāsaḥ¹
Accusative	संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtám	संस्कृतौ / संस्कृता¹ saṃskṛtaú / saṃskṛtā́¹	संस्कृतान् saṃskṛtā́n
Instrumental	संस्कृतेन saṃskṛténa	संस्कृताभ्याम् saṃskṛtā́bhyām	संस्कृतैः / संस्कृतेभिः¹ saṃskṛtaíḥ / saṃskṛtébhiḥ¹
Dative	संस्कृताय saṃskṛtā́ya	संस्कृताभ्याम् saṃskṛtā́bhyām	संस्कृतेभ्यः saṃskṛtébhyaḥ
Ablative	संस्कृतात् saṃskṛtā́t	संस्कृताभ्याम् saṃskṛtā́bhyām	संस्कृतेभ्यः saṃskṛtébhyaḥ
Genitive	संस्कृतस्य saṃskṛtásya	संस्कृतयोः saṃskṛtáyoḥ	संस्कृतानाम् saṃskṛtā́nām
Locative	संस्कृते saṃskṛté	संस्कृतयोः saṃskṛtáyoḥ	संस्कृतेषु saṃskṛtéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of संस्कृता (saṃskṛtā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	संस्कृता saṃskṛtā́	संस्कृते saṃskṛté	संस्कृताः saṃskṛtā́ḥ
Vocative	संस्कृते sáṃskṛte	संस्कृते sáṃskṛte	संस्कृताः sáṃskṛtāḥ
Accusative	संस्कृताम् saṃskṛtā́m	संस्कृते saṃskṛté	संस्कृताः saṃskṛtā́ḥ
Instrumental	संस्कृतया / संस्कृता¹ saṃskṛtáyā / saṃskṛtā́¹	संस्कृताभ्याम् saṃskṛtā́bhyām	संस्कृताभिः saṃskṛtā́bhiḥ
Dative	संस्कृतायै saṃskṛtā́yai	संस्कृताभ्याम् saṃskṛtā́bhyām	संस्कृताभ्यः saṃskṛtā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	संस्कृतायाः / संस्कृतायै² saṃskṛtā́yāḥ / saṃskṛtā́yai²	संस्कृताभ्याम् saṃskṛtā́bhyām	संस्कृताभ्यः saṃskṛtā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	संस्कृतायाः / संस्कृतायै² saṃskṛtā́yāḥ / saṃskṛtā́yai²	संस्कृतयोः saṃskṛtáyoḥ	संस्कृतानाम् saṃskṛtā́nām
Locative	संस्कृतायाम् saṃskṛtā́yām	संस्कृतयोः saṃskṛtáyoḥ	संस्कृतासु saṃskṛtā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of संस्कृत (saṃskṛtá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtám	संस्कृते saṃskṛté	संस्कृतानि / संस्कृता¹ saṃskṛtā́ni / saṃskṛtā́¹
Vocative	संस्कृत sáṃskṛta	संस्कृते sáṃskṛte	संस्कृतानि / संस्कृता¹ sáṃskṛtāni / sáṃskṛtā¹
Accusative	संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtám	संस्कृते saṃskṛté	संस्कृतानि / संस्कृता¹ saṃskṛtā́ni / saṃskṛtā́¹
Instrumental	संस्कृतेन saṃskṛténa	संस्कृताभ्याम् saṃskṛtā́bhyām	संस्कृतैः / संस्कृतेभिः¹ saṃskṛtaíḥ / saṃskṛtébhiḥ¹
Dative	संस्कृताय saṃskṛtā́ya	संस्कृताभ्याम् saṃskṛtā́bhyām	संस्कृतेभ्यः saṃskṛtébhyaḥ
Ablative	संस्कृतात् saṃskṛtā́t	संस्कृताभ्याम् saṃskṛtā́bhyām	संस्कृतेभ्यः saṃskṛtébhyaḥ
Genitive	संस्कृतस्य saṃskṛtásya	संस्कृतयोः saṃskṛtáyoḥ	संस्कृतानाम् saṃskṛtā́nām
Locative	संस्कृते saṃskṛté	संस्कृतयोः saṃskṛtáyoḥ	संस्कृतेषु saṃskṛtéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

संस्कृत • (saṃskṛtá) stem, m

1. a man of one of the three classes who has been sanctified by the purificatory rites
2. learned man
3. a word formed according to accurate rules, a regular derivation

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of संस्कृत (saṃskṛtá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	संस्कृतः saṃskṛtáḥ	संस्कृतौ / संस्कृता¹ saṃskṛtaú / saṃskṛtā́¹	संस्कृताः / संस्कृतासः¹ saṃskṛtā́ḥ / saṃskṛtā́saḥ¹
Vocative	संस्कृत sáṃskṛta	संस्कृतौ / संस्कृता¹ sáṃskṛtau / sáṃskṛtā¹	संस्कृताः / संस्कृतासः¹ sáṃskṛtāḥ / sáṃskṛtāsaḥ¹
Accusative	संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtám	संस्कृतौ / संस्कृता¹ saṃskṛtaú / saṃskṛtā́¹	संस्कृतान् saṃskṛtā́n
Instrumental	संस्कृतेन saṃskṛténa	संस्कृताभ्याम् saṃskṛtā́bhyām	संस्कृतैः / संस्कृतेभिः¹ saṃskṛtaíḥ / saṃskṛtébhiḥ¹
Dative	संस्कृताय saṃskṛtā́ya	संस्कृताभ्याम् saṃskṛtā́bhyām	संस्कृतेभ्यः saṃskṛtébhyaḥ
Ablative	संस्कृतात् saṃskṛtā́t	संस्कृताभ्याम् saṃskṛtā́bhyām	संस्कृतेभ्यः saṃskṛtébhyaḥ
Genitive	संस्कृतस्य saṃskṛtásya	संस्कृतयोः saṃskṛtáyoḥ	संस्कृतानाम् saṃskṛtā́nām
Locative	संस्कृते saṃskṛté	संस्कृतयोः saṃskṛtáyoḥ	संस्कृतेषु saṃskṛtéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

संस्कृत • (saṃskṛtá) stem, n

1. making ready, preparation or a prepared place, sacrifice
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
   • c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
2. sacred usage or custom
3. Sanskrit language (compare above)
   • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Bharata Muni, Nāṭya Śāstra
   • c. 900 CE, Dhanañjaya, Daśarūpa
   • Rasikasarvasva in Narayana on Gitagovinda 5.2:

     संस्कृतात् प्राकृतम् इष्टम् ततोऽपभ्रंशभाषणम्।

     saṃskṛtāt prākṛtam iṣṭam tatoʼpabhraṃśabhāṣaṇam.

     One takes for granted that from Sanskrit originated Prakrit, whence the Apabhramsa language.

4. (Buddhism) conditioned phenomenon; the conditioned
   • c. 150 CE – 250 CE, Nāgārjuna, Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 25.5:

     भावश् च यदि निर्वाणं निर्वाणं संस्कृतं भवेत्।
     नसंस्कृतो हि विद्यते भावः क्व चन कश् चन॥

     bhāvaś ca yadi nirvāṇaṃ nirvāṇaṃ saṃskṛtaṃ bhavet.
     nasaṃskṛto hi vidyate bhāvaḥ kva cana kaś cana.

     If nirvana were an entity, it would then have been a conditioned phenomenon,
     Because nowhere and by no means is there an entity not conditioned.

   • c. 300 CE – 600 CE, Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra 32:

     तारका तिमिरं दीपो मायावश्याय बुद्बुदः।
     सुपिनं विद्युद् अभ्रं च एवं द्रष्टव्य संस्कृतम्॥

     tārakā timiraṃ dīpo māyāvaśyāya budbudaḥ.
     supinaṃ vidyud abhraṃ ca evaṃ draṣṭavya saṃskṛtam.

     A shooting star, a shading of light, a lamp, an illusion, a hoarfrost, a bubble,
     A dream, a lightning, a cloud — as such shall the conditioned existence be seen.

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of संस्कृत (saṃskṛtá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtám	संस्कृते saṃskṛté	संस्कृतानि / संस्कृता¹ saṃskṛtā́ni / saṃskṛtā́¹
Vocative	संस्कृत sáṃskṛta	संस्कृते sáṃskṛte	संस्कृतानि / संस्कृता¹ sáṃskṛtāni / sáṃskṛtā¹
Accusative	संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtám	संस्कृते saṃskṛté	संस्कृतानि / संस्कृता¹ saṃskṛtā́ni / saṃskṛtā́¹
Instrumental	संस्कृतेन saṃskṛténa	संस्कृताभ्याम् saṃskṛtā́bhyām	संस्कृतैः / संस्कृतेभिः¹ saṃskṛtaíḥ / saṃskṛtébhiḥ¹
Dative	संस्कृताय saṃskṛtā́ya	संस्कृताभ्याम् saṃskṛtā́bhyām	संस्कृतेभ्यः saṃskṛtébhyaḥ
Ablative	संस्कृतात् saṃskṛtā́t	संस्कृताभ्याम् saṃskṛtā́bhyām	संस्कृतेभ्यः saṃskṛtébhyaḥ
Genitive	संस्कृतस्य saṃskṛtásya	संस्कृतयोः saṃskṛtáyoḥ	संस्कृतानाम् saṃskṛtā́nām
Locative	संस्कृते saṃskṛté	संस्कृतयोः saṃskṛtáyoḥ	संस्कृतेषु saṃskṛtéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀲𑀁𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀢 (*saṃkkata), *𑀲𑀁𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀝 (*saṃkkaṭa)
  • Prakrit: 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀬 (sakkaya), 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀅 (sakkaa), 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀢 (sakkata), 𑀲𑀁𑀓𑀟 (saṃkaḍa)
    • >? Sinhalese: සකු (saku) (possibly borrowed)
    • → Kannada: ಸಕ್ಕದ (sakkada)
• Pali: saṅkhata, saṅkhaṭa
• → Assamese: সংস্কৃত (xoṅskrit)
• → Bengali: সংস্কৃত (śoṅskrito)
• → English: Sanskrit
• → Gujarati: સંસ્કૃત (sãskŕt)
• → Hindi: संस्कृत (sanskŕt)
• → Kannada: ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ (saṃskṛta)
• → Marathi: संस्कृत (sauskŕt)
• → Malayalam: സംസ്കൃതം (saṁskr̥taṁ)
• → Nepali: संस्कृत (sanskr̥t)
• → Odia: ସଂସ୍କୃତ (saṁskruta)
• → Persian: سانسکریت (sânskerit), سنسکریت (sanskerit), سَهاسْکِرْت (sahâskert)
• → Tamil: சமஸ்கிருதம் (camaskirutam), சமசுகிருதம் (camacukirutam) — standard, சம்ஸ்க்ருதம் (camskrutam) — learnt
• → Telugu: సంస్కృతము (saṁskr̥tamu)
• → Pali: sakkata (calque)
  • → Burmese: သက္ကတ (sakka.ta., “Sanskrit”)
• → Tibetan: ལེགས་སྦྱར (legs sbyar) (calque)

References

• “संस्कृत” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 571.
• Monier Williams (1899) “संस्कृत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1120.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “संस्कृत”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 326
• Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 877
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sáṁskr̥ta”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press