堰

堰 U+5830, 堰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5830 ← 堯 [U+582F] CJK Unified Ideographs 報 → [U+5831]

Translingual

Han character

堰 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土尸日女 (GSAV), four-corner 4111₄, composition ⿰土匽)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 234, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5274
• Dae Jaweon: page 471, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 461, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5830

Chinese

trad.		堰
simp. #		堰
2nd round simp.		𪣈

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (妟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
堰	*qrens, *qanʔ, *qans
躽	*qrens, *qeːnʔ
宴	*qeːnʔ, *qeːns
蝘	*qeːnʔ, *qanʔ
偃	*qanʔ
郾	*qanʔ, *qans
鶠	*qanʔ
褗	*qanʔ, *qans
匽	*qanʔ
鼴	*qanʔ
鰋	*qanʔ
揠	*qreːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrens, *qanʔ, *qans): semantic 土 (“earth, ground”) + phonetic 匽 (OC *qanʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yàn (yan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jin²
• Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): iàn
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Shanghainese): ⁵i

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
    • Wade–Giles: yen⁴
    • Yale: yàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
    • Palladius: янь (janʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jin²
    • Yale: yín
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jin²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yin²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn³⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iàn
    • Tâi-lô: iàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iexn
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɛn²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn⁴¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wugniu: ⁵i
    • Wiktionary Romanisation: ²i
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'jonX, 'jonH, 'jienH

Rime
Character	堰	堰	堰
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	元 (65)	元 (65)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	於幰切	於建切	於扇切
Baxter	'jonX	'jonH	'jienH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨɐnX/	/ʔɨɐnH/	/ʔiᴇnH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiɐnX/	/ʔiɐnH/	/ʔiɛnH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiɐnX/	/ʔiɐnH/	/ʔjænH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɨanX/	/ʔɨanH/	/ʔianH/
Li Rong	/ʔiɐnX/	/ʔiɐnH/	/ʔiɛnH/
Wang Li	/ĭɐnX/	/ĭɐnH/	/ĭɛnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɨ̯ɐnX/	/ʔɨ̯ɐnH/	/ʔi̯ɛnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎn	yàn	yàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin2	jin3	jin3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qrens/, /*qanʔ/, /*qans/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堰	堰	堰
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	14378	14388	14393
Phonetic component	妟	妟	妟
Rime group	元	元	元
Rime subdivision	2	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	躽	偃	堰
Old Chinese	/*qrens/	/*qanʔ/	/*qans/

Definitions

堰

1. weir
2. dam
3. embankment; dike; bank

Compounds

• 二堰 (Èryàn)
• 五堰 (Wǔyàn)
• 付家堰 (Fùjiāyàn)
• 化龍堰／化龙堰 (Huàlóngyàn)
• 十堰 (Shíyàn)
• 埭堰
• 堰坡 (Yànpō)
• 堰塞湖 (yànsèhú)
• 塘堰 (tángyàn)
• 大堰 (Dàyàn)
• 大堰壋／大堰垱 (Dàyàndàng)
• 大堰角 (Dàyànjiǎo)
• 孫堰／孙堰 (Sūnyàn)
• 新堰 (Xīnyàn)
• 河堰 (Héyàn)
• 白家堰 (Báijiāyàn)
• 肖堰
• 荷花堰 (Héhuāyàn)
• 蔣家堰／蒋家堰 (Jiǎngjiāyàn)
• 都江堰 (Dūjiāngyàn)
• 金堰 (Jīnyàn)
• 長堰／长堰 (Chángyàn)
• 高家堰 (Gāojiāyàn)
• 鴨堰橋／鸭堰桥 (Yāyànqiáo)

 

Japanese

Kanji

堰

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. dam
2. prevent
3. stop up

Readings

• Go-on: えん (en)
• Kan-on: えん (en)
• Kun: せき (seki, 堰); せく (seku, 堰く)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
堰
せき Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb せく (“to dam”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) せ​き [séꜜkì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [se̞kʲi]

Noun

堰(せき) • (seki) 

1. weir, dam

Usage notes

In technical contexts this is distinguished from dam.

Synonyms

• ダム (damu, “dam”)
• 堰堤(えんてい) (entei, “dam”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
堰
い Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) い​ [íꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [i]

Noun

堰(い) • (i) ^{←ゐ (wi)?}

1. a dike or levee for containing water

Korean

Hanja

堰 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

堰: Hán Nôm readings: yển

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation