壺

See also: 壷, 壶, and 壼

壺	U+58FA, 壺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58FA

← 壹
[U+58F9]

CJK Unified Ideographs

壻 →
[U+58FB]

Translingual

Traditional	壺
Shinjitai (extended)	壷
Simplified	壶

Han character

壺 (Kangxi radical 33, 士+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土月中一 (GBLM), four-corner 4010₇)

Derived characters

㯛𩞵𰚈𤬗𡕏𫯉𥃕𦺟𬀘

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 243, character 15
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5657
Dae Jaweon: page 484, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 468, character 1
Unihan data for U+58FA

Chinese

trad.		壺
simp.		壶
alternative forms		壷𠻭𡔥𡔦𡐎壷𠻭𡔥𡔦𡐎𢑹𥁖𡔳𡔲

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 壺
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Etymology

Contraction of 葫蘆 (OC *ɡaː raː, “calabash”) (Wu, 2006).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): hú (hu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu²
Cantonese (Jyutping): wu⁴ / wu^4-2
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fù

(Hailu, HRS): fu

(Meixian, Guangdong): fu¹
Eastern Min (BUC): ù
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hou² / ou²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hô͘ / ô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): hu⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶wu
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hú
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hú
  - Wade–Giles: hu²
  - Yale: hú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwu
  - Palladius: ху (xu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fu²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: wu⁴ / wu^4-2
  - Yale: wùh / wú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wu⁴ / wu^4-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: wu⁴ / wu^4-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː²¹/, /wuː²¹⁻³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fù
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fu²
  - Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu
  - Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /fu⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hou²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔu¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔu²⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ou²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔu¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔu²⁴/

Note:

hou2 - literary;
ou2 - vernacular.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘ / ô͘
  - Tâi-lô: hôo / ôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoo, oo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔ²⁴/, /ɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ²⁴/, /ɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ¹³/, /ɔ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔ²⁴/, /ɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ²³/, /ɔ²³/

Note:

hô͘ - literary;
ô͘ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: hu⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hû
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu⁵⁵/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶wu
  - MiniDict: wu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: fu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸu¹³/

Middle Chinese: hu

Rime
Character	壺
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸吳切
Baxter	hu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuo/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuo/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɔ/
Li Rong	/ɣo/
Wang Li	/ɣu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](ʷ)ˤa/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷlaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	壺
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hú
Middle Chinese	‹ hu ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ](ʷ)ˁa/
English	flask
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	壺
Reading #	1/1
No.	5286
Phonetic component	壺
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	胡
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷlaː/

Definitions

壺

pot; jar; kettle (vessel used to boil liquid); jug; vase; can; thermos; bottle; flask; canteen (water bottle)
(historical) a kind of ancient vessel
Classifier for bottled liquid.
一壺水／一壶水 [Cantonese] ― jat¹ wu⁴ seoi² [Jyutping] ― a pot of water
a surname

Compounds

References

“壺”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00835

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	壷
Print standard	壺

Kanji

壺

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 壷)

Readings

Go-on: ぐ (gu)、ご (go)
Kan-on: こ (ko)
Kun: つぼ (tsubo, 壺)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
壺
つぼ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
壷 (extended shinjitai)

Cognate with 坪 (tsubo). Likely shares its origin with 粒 (tsubu), in expressing the idea of something round and bulging outward.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) つぼ [tsùbó] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [t͡sɨbo̞]

Noun

壺(つぼ) • (tsubo)

container or depression:
1. A pot or jar; a vessel or bottle.
  - 1999 March 1, “太(たい)古(こ)の壺(つぼ) [Ancient Pot]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
    
    とても壊(こわ)れやすい大(おお)昔(むかし)の壺(つぼ)。中(なか)に何(なに)かが潜(ひそ)んでいるらしい。
    Tote mo koware yasui ōmukashi no tsubo. Naka ni nani ka ga hisonde iru rashii.
    A very fragile antique pot that seems to contain something.
2. A basin, as at the base of a waterfall.
3. A pressure point in acupressure or acupuncture.
The core or heart of an issue.
(slang) Those who believe in the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification (formerly the Unification Church) and/or who are in close touch with this religion. (As this religion used to sell vessels to cast out evil spirits)

Usage notes

In acupuncture and acupressure contexts, this word is most often spelled either in hiragana as つぼ or in katakana as ツボ.

Derived terms

壺草(ツボクサ) (tsubokusa)
壺皿(つぼさら) (tsubosara)
壺菫(ツボスミレ) (tsubosumire)
油壺(あぶらつぼ) (aburatsubo)
金壺(かなつぼ) (kanatsubo)
肥壺(こえつぼ) (koetsubo)
骨壺(こつつぼ) (kotsutsubo)
酒壺(さかつぼ) (sakatsubo)
墨壺(すみつぼ) (sumitsubo)
滝壺(たきつぼ) (takitsubo)
蛸壺(たこつぼ) (takotsubo)
痰壺(たんつぼ) (tantsubo)
茶壺(ちゃつぼ) (chatsubo)
土壺(どつぼ) (dotsubo)
肉壺(にくつぼ) (nikutsubo)
野壺(のつぼ) (notsubo)
火消壺(ひけしつぼ) (hikeshitsubo)
藤壺(ふじつぼ) (fujitsubo), 富士壺(ふじつぼ) (fujitsubo)
便壺(べんつぼ) (bentsubo)
水壺(みずつぼ) (mizutsubo)
湯壺(ゆつぼ) (yutsubo)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
壺
こ Hyōgai
kan'on

Alternative spelling
壷 (extended shinjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こ [kóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ko̞]

Noun

壺(こ) • (ko)

hu (ancient Chinese vessel shaped like a vase, usually used to store alcohol)

Derived terms

投壺(とうこ) (tōko)
扁壺(へんこ) (henko)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɸʷo̞]
Phonetic hangul: [호]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

壺

Wikisource

壺 (eum 호 (ho))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

壺: Hán Nôm readings: hồ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]