Wiktionary

ko

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ko" and کوه

Translingual edit

Symbol edit

ko

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Korean.

English edit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Japanese 劫 (kō).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ko (plural ko)

  1. (go) A local shape to which the ko rule applies; a ko shape.
    Black gets an easy game by just filling the ko.
  2. (go) ko fight
    Black wins the ko easily.
  3. (go) a stone in a ko in atari, a ko stone
    Black recaptures the ko and white has to find another ko threat.

Derived terms edit

Translations edit

Translations

Anagrams edit

Afar edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

kó

  1. thee, you
    • Saytun Qhuraan kee kay maqnah tarjamaty Qafar afal tani [The clear Qur'an and its explanation translated into the Afar language]‎[1], Suurat Al-Faatica, verse 5:
      Diggah nanu Ni Rabbow koo inkittosnaah Qibaada dibuk koo caglisna, nanu ni-caagiidah inkih cato koo esserra.
      Our God, with strength we make you whole, only you we give [our] adoration, we as one ask you for help with our afairs.

Usage notes edit

  • The form kóo is used when the pronoun isn't followed by a clitic.

See also edit

Afar personal pronouns
1st person 2nd person 3rd person m 3rd person f
Subject Singular anú atú úsuk ís
Plural nanú isín úsun
Object Singular yó kó ká tét
Plural né sín kén

References edit

  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “ko”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN

Aiwoo edit

Verb edit

ko

  1. to lie down

References edit

Bambara edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

ko

  1. to say

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

ko

  1. to wash

References edit

Bikol Central edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA(key): /ko/

Pronoun edit

ko

  1. by me
    Sinalo ko an bola. ― The ball was caught by me.
  2. of me
    An harong ko. ― My house.
  3. me
    Sa taas ko. ― Above me.

Boko edit

Etymology edit

Cognate with Bokobaru koo

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ko

  1. chicken

Derived terms edit

Buginese edit

Pronoun edit

ko

  1. (Sinjai) you, your, yours (casual)

Danish edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse *kōʀ (east), kýr (west), from Proto-Germanic *kūz, cognate with Swedish ko, English cow, German Kuh. The word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”), which is also the source of Latin bōs, Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Sanskrit गौः (gáuḥ).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /koːˀ/, [ˈkʰoˀ]

Noun edit

ko c (singular definite koen, plural indefinite køer)

  1. cow

Declension edit

Declension of ko
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ko koen køer køerne
genitive kos koens køers køernes

References edit

Esperanto edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ko]
  • Audio:
    (file)
  • Hyphenation: ko

Noun edit

ko (accusative singular ko-on, plural ko-oj, accusative plural ko-ojn)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter K.

See also edit

Ewe edit

Verb edit

ko

  1. to laugh

Finnish edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Related to kuka, kun, kuin.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈko/, [ˈko̞]
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Syllabification(key): ko

Conjunction edit

ko (dialectal)

  1. Alternative form of kun.
  2. Alternative form of kuin.
  3. Synonym of koska.

Usage notes edit

In some dialects, ko has become unstressed, subjecting it to vowel harmony and leading to the form kö after front-vowelic words.

French edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ko m (plural ko)

  1. Abbreviation of kilooctet (kilobyte)

Fula edit

Suffix edit

ko

  1. Noun class indicator for nouns (singular)

Usage notes edit

Article edit

ko

  1. (definite) the (when it follows the noun)
    ñayko ko ― the thatch

Usage notes edit

Determiner edit

ko

  1. (used in indicating something)
    ko ñayko ― this/that thatch

Usage notes edit

Guanano edit

Noun edit

ko

  1. water
  2. medicine
  3. relative, fellow Kotiria

References edit

  • Kristine Stenzel, A Reference Grammar of Kotiria (Wanano)

Guaraní edit

Determiner edit

ko

  1. this

Hawaiian edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

ko

  1. of, belonging to first part of possessive constructions, o-type
    ko mākou hale ― our house
    ko ke kumu kaʻa ― the teacher's car

See also edit

Hawaiian possessive pronouns
The o-type forms are used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars). The a-type forms are used for acquired possessions.
singular dual plural
1st person koʻu, kaʻu
kuʻu (affectionate, o- and a-type) 		ko māua, kā māua (exclusive)
ko kāua, kā kāua (inclusive) 		ko mākou, kā mākou (exclusive)
ko kākou, kā kākou (inclusive)
2nd person kou, kāu
kō (affectionate, o- and a-type) 		ko ʻolua, kā ʻolua ko ʻoukou, kā ʻoukou
3rd person kona, kāna ko lāua, kā lāua ko lākou, kā lākou

Hokkien edit

For pronunciation and definitions of ko – see 高 (“tall; high; of high level; above average; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 高).
For pronunciation and definitions of ko – see 膏 (“fat; grease; oil; fatty; oily; rich; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 膏).

Indonesian edit

Pronoun edit

ko

  1. (Java, informal) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours

Synonyms edit

Indonesian informal second-person pronouns:

  • anta (informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
  • antum (informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
  • coen (slang, East Java)
  • ente (informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
  • kamu (intimate)
  • ko, kowe (informal, Java)
  • kon, koen (colloquial, East Java)
  • lu, lo, loe, elu (informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
  • mika, mike (informal, Eastern Sumatra)

Ingrian edit

Pronunciation edit

Conjunction edit

ko

  1. Alternative form of ku
    • 2008, “Läkkäämmä omal viisii [We're speaking [our] own way]”, in Inkeri‎[2], volume 4, number 69, St. Petersburg, page 12:
      Se oli ko hää ei mahtant vennäheks läätä.
      That was how she couldn't speak Russian.

References edit

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 178

Japanese edit

Romanization edit

ko

  1. Rōmaji transcription of こ
  2. Rōmaji transcription of コ

Kalasha edit

Adverb edit

ko

  1. why

Interjection edit

ko

  1. why

Noun edit

ko

  1. why

Kamta edit

Etymology edit

From Sanskrit কথযতি (katháyati). Cognate with Assamese ক (ko), Sylheti ꠇꠅꠀ (xooa), Bengali কওয়া (koōẇa), Hindustani कहना (kahnā) / کہنا (kahnā).

Verb edit

ko

  1. say
  2. tell
    Oĩ mök koisil. ― He told me
  3. speak
    kotha ko ― speak

Conjugation edit

impersonal forms of ko
Stem ko
Gerund koöa
Conjugative koia
Infinitive koibar
Agentive koure
Converb koite
Progressive participle koite koite
Reason koöat
Conditional participle koile
Perfect participle koia
Habitual participle koia koia
Conjugation forms of ko
Person First person Second person Third person
informal formal informal formal
singular plural singular plural singular plural
muĩ amra tuĩ tömra oĩ umra
Present
Imperfective koṅ koi koiṣ kon koe
Continuous koia asoṅ koia asi koia asiṣ koia asen koia ase
Perfective koisoṅ koisi kosiṣ koisen koise
Past
Recent koluṅ koiloṅ kolu koilen koil ~ koilek
Distant & Habitual kosiluṅ koisiloṅ kosilu koisilen koisil ~ koisilek
Continuous koia asluṅ koia aisloṅ koia aslu koi aislen koia asil ~ koia aislek
Future
Indicative koim komö kobu koiben koibe
Continuous koia thakim koia thakmö koia thakpu koia thaikpen koia thaikpe
Others
Imperative — ko kon kouk

Karelian edit

Particle edit

ko

  1. like, as

Kirikiri edit

Noun edit

ko

  1. woman

Further reading edit

Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

Latvian edit

Pronoun edit

ko (interrogative)

  1. accusative of kas: what, who
    ko tu gribi apskatīt? ― what would you like to see?

ko (relative)

  1. accusative of kas: that
    teksts, ko tu lasi ― the text that you're reading
  2. accusative of kas: what, who
    tas ir tas, ko es domāju ― that is what I mean
  3. accusative of kas: which

Interjection edit

ko

  1. sorry?
  2. pardon?
  3. what?

Lithuanian edit

Pronoun edit

ko

  1. genitive of kas
    Ko tu nori? ― What do you want?

Usage notes edit

The word ko is the non-possessive genitive.

For the possessive genitive ("whose?") of kas, see kieno.

Further reading edit

  • “ko”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2024
  • Vytautas Ambrazas (2006) Lithuanian Grammar, 2nd revised edition, pages 186, 193

Maaka edit

Noun edit

ko

  1. head

References edit

Maori edit

Particle edit

ko

  1. Placed at the beginning of nominative phrases to signify that they are declarative

Mapudungun edit

Noun edit

ko (Raguileo spelling)

  1. water

References edit

  • Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
  • Estudios de lengua y cultura amerindias II (1998) (spells it có)

Norman edit

Alternative forms edit

  • co (Jersey, Guernsey, Normandy)

Etymology edit

From Old French col, from Latin collum (“neck”).

Noun edit

ko m (plural kos)

  1. (Sark, anatomy) neck

Nyishi edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Tani *koː.

Noun edit

ko

  1. child
  2. son

References edit

  • P. T. Abraham (2005) A Grammar of Nyishi Language‎[3], Delhi: Farsight Publishers and Distributors

Old Javanese edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

ko

  1. you

Alternative forms edit

References edit

  • "ko" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Old Norse edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun edit

ko ?

  1. (East dialect) cow

See also edit

References edit

Pali edit

Alternative forms edit

Alternative forms

Pronoun edit

ko

  1. masculine nominative singular of ka

Rapa Nui edit

Interjection edit

ko

  1. exclamation suggesting a personal reaction

Usage notes edit

For non-personal judgment, consider using ka.

Particle edit

ko

  1. particle prefixed to names as a determinative

Rawa edit

Adverb edit

ko

  1. again

References edit

Serbo-Croatian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, *kʷid, (compare *kʷis).

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

kȍ (Cyrillic spelling ко̏)

  1. (Bosnia, Serbia, interrogatively) who
    ko si ti? ― who are you?
  2. (Bosnia, Serbia, relative and indefinite pronoun)
    bilo ko ― anybody, anyone
    malo ko ― very few people
    onaj ko ― he who, whoever
Declension edit
Declension of ko
singular/plural
nominative tkȍ, kȍ
genitive kȍg, kòga
dative kȍm, kòmu, kòme
accusative kȍg, kòga
vocative —
locative kòm, kòme
instrumental kȋm, kíme
Synonyms edit
  • kdo (Kajkavian)
  • gdo (Kajkavian)

Etymology 2 edit

From kȁo.

Contraction edit

ko (Cyrillic spelling ко)

  1. contraction of kȁo
Related terms edit

References edit

  • “ko” in Hrvatski jezični portal
  • “ko” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovene edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”). Cognate with Serbo-Croatian ako.

Pronunciation edit

Conjunction edit

ko

  1. when (at the time that)

Etymology 2 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction edit

ko

  1. (colloquial) Alternative form of kot

Swahili edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

-ko

  1. present stem of -wako (“to be (at an indefinite place)”)
    yuko ― he/she is (there)

See also edit

  • -ko: verbal affix
  • -wapo (“to be (at a definite place)”)
  • -wamo (“to be inside (of a definite place)”)

Swedish edit

 
Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv
 
ko med kalv

Etymology edit

From Old Norse ko, from East Old Norse ko, from Proto-Germanic *kūz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”). Cognate with Old West Norse kýr and English cow.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ko c

  1. cow; female cattle
    Många kor bor i stall under vinterhalvåret.
    Many cows live in stables during the winter.
  2. a female member of a number of other species, such as elk
    Jag såg en älgko och hennes kalv när jag var i skogen.
    I saw an elk cow and her calf when I was in the forest.

Declension edit

Declension of ko 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ko kon kor korna
Genitive kos kons kors kornas

Related terms edit

See also edit

References edit

Anagrams edit

Tagalog edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ku, from Proto-Austronesian *-ku.

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

ko (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓ)

  1. my; mine (postpositive)
    ang bahay ko ― my house
    sa taas ko ― above me (literally, “my above”)
  2. I; me (indirect)
    Ang bola ay sinalo ko.
    I caught the ball.
    (literally, “The ball was caught by me.”)

See also edit

Tagalog personal pronouns
Person Number Direct (ang) Indirect (ng) Oblique (sa)
First singular ako ko akin
dual* kita, kata nita, nata, ta kanita, kanata, ata
plural inclusive tayo natin atin
plural exclusive kami namin amin
First & Second singular kita**
Second singular ikaw, ka mo iyo
plural kayo, kamo ninyo, niyo inyo
Third singular siya niya kaniya
plural sila nila kanila
* First person dual pronouns are not commonly used.
** Replaces "ko ikaw".

Further reading edit

  • “ko” at KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino‎[4], Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2021
  • “ko”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
  • Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2010–) “*-ku”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary

Talysh edit

Etymology edit

Cognate with Persian کار (kâr).

Noun edit

ko

  1. work

Taworta edit

Noun edit

ko

  1. egg

Further reading edit

Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

Tocharian A edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Tocharian, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”). Compare Tocharian B keu, English cow.

Noun edit

ko

  1. cow

Tokelauan edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Polynesian *ko. Cognates include Hawaiian ʻo and Samoan ʻo.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ko]
  • Hyphenation: ko

Particle edit

ko

  1. Marks an equational sentence.
  2. Marks the topic of the sentence.
    • 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau]‎[5], page 1:
      Ko kimatou, ia tagata o Tokelau, e takutino
      We, the people of Tokelau, say openly
  3. Marks the succeeding noun as in apposition of the preceding noun.
  4. Placed after the conjunctions pe or ka.

References edit

  • R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎[6], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 163

Tuvaluan edit

Particle edit

ko

  1. present perfect tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb

Vietnamese edit

Alternative forms edit

Adverb edit

ko

  1. (informal) Abbreviation of không.

Anagrams edit

Volapük edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Spanish con (“with”).

Preposition edit

ko

  1. with

Votic edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Akin to Ingrian ko.

Pronunciation edit

  • (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈko/, [ˈko]
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Hyphenation: ko

Adverb edit

ko

  1. when (at what time; in the case that)
  2. than (in comparisons)
  3. as, because

Adverb edit

ko

  1. how (in what way)

References edit

  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “ko”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

West Frisian edit

Etymology edit

From Old Frisian kū, from Proto-West Germanic *kū, from Proto-Germanic *kūz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ko c (plural kij, diminutive koke)

  1. cow

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

  • “ko”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

West Makian edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

ko

  1. (transitive) to carry on one's back

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of ko (action verb)
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person toko moko ako
2nd person noko foko
3rd person inanimate iko doko
animate
imperative noko, ko foko, ko

References edit

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[7], Pacific linguistics

White Hmong edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Borrowed from some other language? Possible candidates include Chinese 莖／茎 (jīng, “stem, stalk”). Or native Hmongic?”

Noun edit

ko (classifier: tus)

  1. a handle (of any hand tool or implement, etc.)
    ko taus ― axe handle
  2. used in ko taw (“foot”) and ko tw (“tail”)

Etymology 2 edit

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Related to Chinese 乎 (hū, “in, on; (archaic) sentence-final particle”)?”

Particle edit

ko

  1. a final completive particle
    Koj hais li ko... ― Speaking as you do...
    Txhob ua li ko. ― Don't do that.

References edit

  • Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary‎[8], SEAP Publications, →ISBN, page 85.

Wolof edit

Pronoun edit

ko

  1. him/her/it (third-person singular object pronoun)

See also edit

Wolof personal pronouns
singular subject plural subject singular object plural object
1st person man nun ma nu
2nd person yow yeen la leen
3rd person moom ñoom ko leen

Xhosa edit

Pronoun edit

-ko

  1. Combining stem of kona.

Yoruba edit

Etymology 1 edit

Alternative forms edit

  • ò (frequently used after personal pronouns)

Pronunciation edit

Particle edit

kò

  1. not (placed before a verb to negate it)

Etymology 2 edit

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA(key): /kō/

Conjunction edit

ko

  1. (Ekiti) that

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

kó

  1. to pack
    Ẹ bá mi kó ẹrù yìí sẹ́yìn ọkọ̀ ― Help me pack this load into the boot
  2. to collect
  3. to capture
    Wọ́n kó wọn lẹ́rú ― They captured them as slaves
Derived terms edit

Etymology 4 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

kò

  1. to touch
  2. to meet
Derived terms edit

Zazaki edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Iranian *káwfš.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈko]
  • Hyphenation: ko

Noun edit

ko m

  1. (geography) mountain
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