夙

夙	U+5919, 夙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5919

Translingual edit

Han character edit

夙 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓一弓戈 (HNMNI), four-corner 7721₀, composition ⿵几歹)

Derived characters edit

㑉洬珟㓘

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 246, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5755
Dae Jaweon: page 489, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 861, character 7
Unihan data for U+5919

Chinese edit

trad.		夙
simp. ^#		夙
alternative forms		𠈇𡖊𡖕

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 夙
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (夙) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
洬	*suːɡ
夙	*suɡ

The oracle bone script consisted of 月 (“moon”) and 丮, and resembled a man holding the moon, probably representing the worship of the moon. Alternatively, it might represent a person working under the moon in the early morning when the moon has not set.

In some forms of its bronze inscription, 月 corrupted into 夕.

丮 later got reduced into 凡.

Etymology edit

Schuessler (2007) compares this with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-sok ~ *V-sok (“morning; morrow”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s(j)u-ŋ/k (“to wake up; morning; clear-headed; to sober up”). Burmese သောကြာ (sau:kra, “Venus”) is unrelated as it ultimately derives from Sanskrit शुक्र (śukra).

Schuessler (2007) also considers this to be related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-sow (“to arise; to awake; to awaken”), as the morning is the time to arise. Other possible Chinese comparanda of this Tibeto-Burman word are 搜 (OC *sru, “to move”) (as in 搜搜), 速 (OC *sloːɡ, “speedy”), 聳 (OC *sloŋʔ, “to urge on”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sù (su⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): suk¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siuk
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siok

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sù
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sù
  - Wade–Giles: su⁴
  - Yale: sù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suh
  - Palladius: су (su)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: suk¹
  - Yale: sūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: suk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: sug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: xiug`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xiug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /si̯uk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siok
  - Tâi-lô: siok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: sjuwk

Rime
Character	夙
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	東 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息逐切
Baxter	sjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/siuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/siuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/suwk̚/
Li Rong	/siuk̚/
Wang Li	/sĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	su
Expected Cantonese Reflex	suk¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]uk/

(Zhengzhang): /*suɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	夙
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sù
Middle Chinese	‹ sjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]uk/
English	early morning
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	夙
Reading #	1/1
No.	12098
Phonetic component	夙
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	肅
Old Chinese	/*suɡ/

Definitions edit

夙

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

夙

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings edit

Go-on: すく (suku)
Kan-on: しゅく (shuku)
Kun: つとに (tsutoni, 夙に); はやい (hayai, 夙い)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

夙 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk)

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Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

夙: Hán Nôm readings: túc

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