復生

Chinese

		again; recover; reply to a letter again; recover; reply to a letter; to repeat; to duplicate	to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw
trad. (復生)		復	生
simp. (复生)		复	生

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fùshēng

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ ㄕㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk⁶ sang¹, fau⁶ sang¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fùshēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ ㄕㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fùsheng
    • Wade–Giles: fu⁴-shêng¹
    • Yale: fù-shēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuhsheng
    • Palladius: фушэн (fušɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fuk⁶ sang¹, fau⁶ sang¹
    • Yale: fuhk sāng, fauh sāng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fuk⁹ sang¹, fau⁶ sang¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fug⁶ seng¹, feo⁶ seng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊk̚² sɐŋ⁵⁵/, /fɐu̯²² sɐŋ⁵⁵/

Note: fau6 sang1 - rare.

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• Middle Chinese: bjuwk sraeng|sraengH

Rime
Character	復	生	生
Reading #	2/2	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	生 (21)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	東 (4)	庚 (109)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II	II
Fanqie	房六切	所庚切	所敬切
Baxter	bjuwk	sraeng	sraengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨuk̚/	/ʃˠæŋ/	/ʃˠæŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/biuk̚/	/ʃᵚaŋ/	/ʃᵚaŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/biuk̚/	/ʃaŋ/	/ʃaŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buwk̚/	/ʂaɨjŋ/	/ʂaɨjŋH/
Li Rong	/biuk̚/	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋH/
Wang Li	/bĭuk̚/	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uk̚/	/ʂɐŋ/	/ʂɐŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fú	shēng	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fuk6	sang1	sang3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-p(r)uk  sreŋ|sreŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*buɡ  sʰleːŋ|sreŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	復	生	生
Reading #	2/2	1/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù	shēng	shēng
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuwk ›	‹ sræng ›	‹ srjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*m-p(r)uk/	/*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?)	/*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?)
English	return	bear, be born; live	bear, be born; live
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	復	生	生
Reading #	2/2	1/2	2/2
No.	3550	11312	11322
Phonetic component	复	生	生
Rime group	覺	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	1	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	伏	生	生
Old Chinese	/*buɡ/	/*sʰleːŋ/	/*sreŋs/

Verb

復生

1. (intransitive) to come back to life

   • 亡國不可以復存，死者不可以復生。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     亡国不可以复存，死者不可以复生。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Art of War, circa 5^th century BCE

     Wángguó bù kěyǐ fù cún, sǐzhě bù kěyǐ fùshēng. [Pinyin]

     The perished states cannot be refounded, and the dead cannot come back to life.

   • 又信聖神；大公聖會，聖徒相通；罪得赦宥；身體復生；後享永生，誠心所願。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
     又信圣神；大公圣会，圣徒相通；罪得赦宥；身体复生；后享永生，诚心所愿。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 使徒信經 (Apostles' Creed), in 禮賢會規定禮文

     jau⁶ seon³ sing³ san⁴; daai⁶ gung¹ sing³ wui⁶, sing³ tou⁴ soeng¹ tung¹; zeoi⁶ dak¹ se³ jau⁶; san¹ tai² fau⁶ sang¹; hau⁶ hoeng² wing⁵ sang¹, sing⁴ sam¹ so² jyun⁶. [Jyutping]

     I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen.

Synonyms

• 回生 (huíshēng)
• 復活／复活 (fùhuó)
• 殅 (shēng) (literary)
• 甦／苏 (sū) (literary)
• 翻生 (faan¹ saang¹) (Cantonese, Hakka, Northern Min, Teochew)
• 閣活／阁活 (Hokkien)