後
|
Translingual
editStroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
edit後 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹人女戈水 (HOVIE), four-corner 22247, composition ⿰彳⿱幺夊)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 366, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10098
- Dae Jaweon: page 688, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 822, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5F8C
Chinese
edittrad. | 後 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 后* |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 後 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
In oracle bone script, ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 幺 (“thread”) + 夊 (“foot”) – a foot bound by a rope, thus lagging behind. The component 彳 was added afterwards to emphasize this action.
Note that the simplified form 后 is also a traditional character on its own, with a different meaning.
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hwak (“below”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan འོག ('og, “below”), Burmese အောက် (auk, “under; below”), Burmese နောက် (nauk, “behind”) (from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔok (“lower side; below”)).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): hou4 / hou3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ху (hu, III)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): heu5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): hou3
- Northern Min (KCR): hē
- Eastern Min (BUC): âu / hâu / hâiu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6gheu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): hou6 / hou5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄡˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hòu
- Wade–Giles: hou4
- Yale: hòu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: how
- Palladius: хоу (xou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xoʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: hou4 / hou3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xou / xou
- Sinological IPA (key): /xəu²¹³/, /xəu⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ху (hu, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xou⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hau6
- Yale: hauh
- Cantonese Pinyin: hau6
- Guangdong Romanization: heo6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɐu̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: heu5 / heu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /heu³²/, /heu²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: heu5
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɛu¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hêu / heu
- Hakka Romanization System: heuˊ / heu
- Hagfa Pinyim: heu1 / heu4
- Sinological IPA: /heu̯²⁴/, /heu̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Sixian:
- hêu - vernacular;
- heu - literary.
- Meixian:
- hêu1 - vernacular;
- hêu4 - literary.
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: hou3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /xəu⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hē
- Sinological IPA (key): /xe⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: âu / hâu / hâiu
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɑu²⁴²/, /hɑu²⁴²/, /hɑu²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- âu - vernacular;
- hâu - vernacular (only in 後生);
- hâiu - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Lukang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ǎu
- Tâi-lô: ǎu
- IPA (Jinjiang, Lukang, Philippines): /au³³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /au²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǎu
- Tâi-lô: hǎu
- IPA (Lukang, Philippines): /hau³³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hau²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘
- Tâi-lô: hōo
- Phofsit Daibuun: ho
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔ²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiǒ
- Tâi-lô: hiǒ
- IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /hio³³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hio²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiō
- Tâi-lô: hiō
- Phofsit Daibuun: hioi
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɤ³³/
- IPA (Taipei): /hio³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ao6 / hao6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ău / hău
- Sinological IPA (key): /au³⁵/, /hau³⁵/
- ao6 - vernacular;
- hao6 - literary.
- hou6 - vernacular;
- hou5 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: huwX, huwH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤ(r)oʔ/, /*[ɢ]ˤ(r)oʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɢoːʔ/, /*ɢoːs/
Definitions
edit後
- behind; rear; back
- later; after; afterwards
- last
- descendants; offsprings
- post-
- (literary) anus
- a surname
Compounds
edit- 70後/70后 (qīlínghòu)
- 80後/80后 (bālínghòu)
- 90後/90后 (jiǔlínghòu)
- 不敢後人/不敢后人
- 不甘後人/不甘后人 (bùgānhòurén)
- 不落人後/不落人后
- 不顧前後/不顾前后
- 丟在腦後/丢在脑后
- 之後/之后 (zhīhòu)
- 了後/了后 (liáu-āu) (Min Nan)
- 事後/事后 (shìhòu)
- 人前人後/人前人后
- 今後/今后 (jīnhòu)
- 以後/以后 (yǐhòu)
- 以觀後效/以观后效
- 佛前佛後/佛前佛后
- 倒前倒後/倒前倒后
- 做後門/做后门
- 先人後己/先人后己
- 先來後到/先来后到
- 先公後私/先公后私
- 光前絕後/光前绝后
- 光前耀後/光前耀后
- 光前裕後/光前裕后
- 先後/先后 (xiānhòu)
- 先後倒置/先后倒置
- 先憂後樂/先忧后乐
- 先斬後奏/先斩后奏 (xiānzhǎnhòuzòu)
- 先斬後聞/先斩后闻
- 先盛後衰/先盛后衰
- 先禮後兵/先礼后兵 (xiānlǐhòubīng)
- 先缺後空/先缺后空
- 先聲後實/先声后实
- 先花後果/先花后果 (xiānhuāhòuguǒ)
- 先行後聞/先行后闻
- 先難後獲/先难后获
- 其後/其后 (qíhòu)
- 最後/最后 (zuìhòu)
- 最後通牒/最后通牒 (zuìhòutōngdié)
- 別後寒溫/别后寒温
- 前仆後繼/前仆后继 (qiánpūhòujì)
- 前仆後起
- 前仰後合/前仰后合
- 前俯後仰/前俯后仰
- 前倨後卑/前倨后卑
- 前倨後恭/前倨后恭 (qiánjùhòugōng)
- 前出後空/前出后空
- 前前後後/前前后后
- 前合後仰/前合后仰
- 前合後偃/前合后偃
- 前呼後應/前呼后应
- 前呼後擁/前呼后拥 (qiánhūhòuyǒng)
- 前因後果/前因后果 (qiányīnhòuguǒ)
- 前婚後嫁/前婚后嫁
- 前家後繼/前家后继
- 前後/前后 (qiánhòu)
- 前後腳兒/前后脚儿 (qiánhòujiǎor)
- 前思後想/前思后想
- 前推後擁/前推后拥
- 前歌後舞/前歌后舞
- 前街後巷/前街后巷
- 前親晚後/前亲晚后
- 前赴後繼/前赴后继 (qiánfùhòujì)
- 前遮後擁/前遮后拥 (qiánzhēhòuyōng)
- 前長後短/前长后短
- 劈腦後/劈脑后
- 劫後餘燼/劫后余烬
- 劫後餘生/劫后余生 (jiéhòuyúshēng)
- 午後/午后 (wǔhòu)
- 卯後酒/卯后酒
- 卻後/却后
- 厥後/厥后 (juéhòu)
- 去後/去后 (qùhòu)
- 參前落後/参前落后
- 名垂後世/名垂后世
- 合後/合后 (héhòu)
- 向後/向后 (xiànghòu)
- 吃後悔藥/吃后悔药 (chī hòuhuǐyào)
- 名門之後/名门之后
- 售後服務/售后服务 (shòuhòu fúwù)
- 善後/善后 (shànhòu)
- 嗣後/嗣后 (sìhòu)
- 垂裕後昆/垂裕后昆
- 堂後官/堂后官
- 外後日/外后日
- 大後天/大后天 (dàhòutiān)
- 大後年/大后年 (dàhòunián)
- 大後方/大后方 (dàhòufāng)
- 奉轂後車/奉毂后车
- 守先待後/守先待后
- 小子後生/小子后生
- 小後生/小后生
- 左右前後/左右前后
- 巴前算後/巴前算后
- 幕後/幕后 (mùhòu)
- 延後/延后 (yánhòu)
- 往後/往后 (wǎnghòu)
- 後七子/后七子
- 後不為例/后不为例
- 後世/后世 (hòushì)
- 後主/后主
- 後事/后事 (hòushì)
- 後人/后人 (hòurén)
- 後代/后代 (hòudài)
- 後任/后任 (hòurèn)
- 後仰前合/后仰前合
- 後來/后来 (hòulái)
- 後來之秀/后来之秀
- 後來居上/后来居上 (hòuláijūshàng)
- 後備/后备 (hòubèi)
- 後備軍人/后备军人
- 後像/后像
- 後元音/后元音 (hòuyuányīn)
- 後先輝映/后先辉映
- 後兒/后儿 (hòur)
- 後凋/后凋
- 後加成分/后加成分
- 後勁/后劲
- 後勤/后勤 (hòuqín)
- 後半世/后半世
- 後半夜/后半夜 (hòubànyè)
- 後半天/后半天
- 後半晌/后半晌 (hòubànshǎng)
- 後厝/后厝 (Hòucuò)
- 後合前仰/后合前仰
- 後命/后命
- 後周/后周 (Hòuzhōu)
- 後唐/后唐 (Hòutáng)
- 後哨/后哨
- 後嗣/后嗣 (hòusì)
- 後園/后园 (hòuyuán)
- 後圖/后图
- 後堂/后堂 (hòutáng)
- 後堯婆/后尧婆
- 後塵/后尘 (hòuchén)
- 後壁/后壁 (Hòubì)
- 後壠
- 後天/后天 (hòutiān)
- 後夫/后夫
- 後妻/后妻 (hòuqī)
- 後姓/后姓
- 後娘/后娘 (hòuniáng)
- 後婚兒/后婚儿 (hòuhūnr)
- 後媽/后妈 (hòumā)
- 後嫁/后嫁
- 後學/后学 (hòuxué)
- 後學兒/后学儿
- 後宮/后宫 (hòugōng)
- 後實先聲/后实先声
- 後寮/后寮 (Hòuliáo)
- 後尾/后尾 (hòuwěi)
- 後尾兒/后尾儿
- 後崗/后岗 (Hòugǎng)
- 後巷前街/后巷前街
- 後市/后市
- 後年/后年 (hòunián)
- 後座/后座 (hòuzuò)
- 後庭/后庭 (hòutíng)
- 後座力/后座力 (hòuzuòlì)
- 後庭花/后庭花
- 後影/后影 (hòuyǐng)
- 後心/后心 (hòuxīn)
- 後怕/后怕 (hòupà)
- 後恭前倨/后恭前倨
- 後悔/后悔 (hòuhuǐ)
- 後患/后患 (hòuhuàn)
- 後悔不來/后悔不来
- 後悔不及/后悔不及
- 後悔何及/后悔何及
- 後悔無及/后悔无及
- 後患無窮/后患无穷 (hòuhuànwúqióng)
- 後悔莫及/后悔莫及 (hòuhuǐmòjí)
- 後悔藥兒/后悔药儿
- 後慮/后虑
- 後戲/后戏 (hòuxì, “afterplay”)
- 後房/后房
- 後手/后手 (hòushǒu)
- 後手不上/后手不上
- 後手不接/后手不接
- 後手兒/后手儿
- 後手錢/后手钱
- 後掠翼/后掠翼
- 後援/后援 (hòuyuán)
- 後援會/后援会 (hòuyuánhuì)
- 後擁前呼/后拥前呼
- 後擁前推/后拥前推
- 後擁前遮/后拥前遮
- 後擁前驅/后拥前驱
- 後擺/后摆 (āu-pái) (Min Nan)
- 後效/后效 (hòuxiào)
- 後方/后方 (hòufāng)
- 後日/后日 (hòurì)
- 後昆/后昆
- 後晉/后晋 (Hòujìn)
- 後晌/后晌
- 後景/后景 (hòujǐng)
- 後會可期/后会可期
- 後會有期/后会有期 (hòuhuìyǒuqī)
- 後會難期/后会难期
- 後期/后期 (hòuqī)
- 後果/后果 (hòuguǒ)
- 後果前因/后果前因 (hòuguǒqiányīn)
- 後果堪虞/后果堪虞
- 後梁 (Hòuliáng)
- 後槽/后槽
- 後步/后步 (hòubù)
- 後段班/后段班
- 後母/后母 (hòumǔ)
- 後涼/后凉 (Hòuliáng)
- 後漢/后汉 (Hòuhàn)
- 後漢書/后汉书 (Hòuhànshū)
- 後漢紀/后汉纪
- 後滾翻/后滚翻
- 後燕/后燕 (Hòuyān)
- 後父/后父 (hòufù)
- 後爹/后爹 (hòudiē)
- 後王/后王 (hòuwáng)
- 後生/后生 (hòushēng)
- 後生可畏/后生可畏 (hòushēngkěwèi)
- 後生小子/后生小子
- 後生小輩/后生小辈
- 後生晚學/后生晚学
- 後發先至/后发先至
- 後發制人/后发制人 (hòufāzhìrén)
- 後盾/后盾 (hòudùn)
- 後知後覺/后知后觉 (hòuzhīhòujué)
- 後視鏡/后视镜 (hòushìjìng)
- 後福/后福 (hòufú)
- 後秦/后秦 (Hòuqín)
- 後程/后程
- 後綴/后缀 (hòuzhuì)
- 後繼/后继 (hòujì)
- 後繼乏人/后继乏人
- 後繼乏力/后继乏力
- 後繼有人/后继有人
- 後繼無人/后继无人 (hòujìwúrén)
- 後繼無力/后继无力
- 後續/后续 (hòuxù)
- 後罩房/后罩房
- 後肢/后肢
- 後背/后背 (hòubèi)
- 後腦/后脑 (hòunǎo)
- 後腰/后腰
- 後腳/后脚 (hòujiǎo)
- 後腦杓/后脑杓
- 後腿/后腿 (hòutuǐ)
- 後臉兒/后脸儿
- 後臺/后台 (hòutái)
- 後臺老闆/后台老板
- 後葉/后叶 (hòuyè)
- 後藏/后藏 (Hòuzàng)
- 後蜀/后蜀 (Hòushǔ)
- 後街/后街
- 後衛/后卫 (hòuwèi)
- 後裔/后裔 (hòuyì)
- 後襟/后襟 (hòujīn)
- 後覺/后觉
- 後言/后言
- 後記/后记 (hòujì)
- 後話/后话
- 後賬/后账
- 後赤壁賦/后赤壁赋
- 後起/后起 (hòuqǐ)
- 後起之秀/后起之秀 (hòuqǐzhīxiù)
- 後起字/后起字 (hòuqǐzì)
- 後趙/后赵 (Hòuzhào)
- 後路/后路 (hòulù)
- 後跟/后跟 (hòugēn)
- 後身/后身
- 後車之戒/后车之戒
- 後輩/后辈 (hòubèi)
- 後退/后退 (hòutuì)
- 後送/后送 (hòusòng)
- 後退色/后退色
- 後進/后进 (hòujìn)
- 後遺症/后遗症 (hòuyízhèng)
- 後邊/后边 (hòubiān)
- 後醫系/后医系
- 後重/后重
- 後門/后门 (hòumén)
- 後院/后院 (hòuyuàn)
- 後面/后面 (hòumiàn)
- 後項/后项
- 後頭/后头 (hòutou)
- 後頭灣/后头湾 (Hòutouwān)
- 後顧/后顾 (hòugù)
- 後顧之患/后顾之患
- 後顧之憂/后顾之忧 (hòugùzhīyōu)
- 後顧之慮/后顾之虑
- 後顧之虞/后顾之虞
- 後首/后首
- 後魏/后魏
- 後龍/后龙 (Hòulóng)
- 後龍鎮/后龙镇
- 從今以後/从今以后 (cóngjīn yǐhòu)
- 德垂後裔/德垂后裔
- 忖前思後/忖前思后
- 思前想後/思前想后 (sīqiánxiǎnghòu)
- 思前算後/思前算后
- 恥居王後/耻居王后
- 恐後爭先/恐后争先 (kǒnghòuzhēngxiān)
- 意前筆後/意前笔后
- 想前顧後/想前顾后
- 懲前毖後/惩前毖后 (chéngqiánbìhòu)
- 打靠後/打靠后
- 承先啟後/承先启后 (chéngxiānqǐhòu)
- 承前啟後/承前启后 (chéngqiánqǐhòu)
- 扯後腿/扯后腿 (chě hòutuǐ)
- 拋在腦後/抛在脑后
- 抽後腿/抽后腿
- 拉後腿/拉后腿 (lā hòutuǐ)
- 拖後腿/拖后腿 (tuō hòutuǐ)
- 掣後腿/掣后腿
- 揚名後世/扬名后世
- 攔前斷後/拦前断后
- 放馬後砲/放马后炮
- 敵後/敌后 (díhòu)
- 敵後伏擊/敌后伏击
- 敵後作戰/敌后作战
- 斃而後已/毙而后已
- 斷後/断后 (duànhòu)
- 日後/日后 (rìhòu)
- 明後/明后
- 晚生後學/晚生后学
- 曙後星孤/曙后星孤
- 書後/书后
- 有後/有后
- 末後/末后 (mòhòu)
- 李後主/李后主
- 杜絕後患/杜绝后患
- 松柏後凋/松柏后凋
- 次後/次后 (cìhòu)
- 歇後語/歇后语 (xiēhòuyǔ)
- 正後像/正后像
- 此後/此后 (cǐhòu)
- 步人後塵/步人后尘 (bùrénhòuchén)
- 步後塵/步后尘
- 死而後已/死而后已 (sǐ'érhòuyǐ)
- 死而後止/死而后止
- 殿後/殿后 (diànhòu)
- 沒後/没后 (mòhòu)
- 沒後跟/没后跟
- 流芳後世/流芳后世
- 無後/无后 (wúhòu)
- 然後/然后 (ránhòu)
- 照後鏡/照后镜
- 爭先恐後/争先恐后 (zhēngxiānkǒnghòu)
- 爾後/尔后 (ěrhòu)
- 牙後慧/牙后慧
- 牛後/牛后
- 產後檢查/产后检查
- 甸後/甸后
- 留後手/留后手
- 留後步/留后步
- 留後路/留后路
- 百年之後/百年之后 (bǎiniánzhīhòu)
- 百歲之後/百岁之后
- 目前目後/目前目后
- 看淡後市/看淡后市
- 瞠乎其後/瞠乎其后 (chēnghūqíhòu)
- 瞠乎後矣/瞠乎后矣
- 瞻前忽後/瞻前忽后
- 瞻前顧後/瞻前顾后 (zhānqiángùhòu)
- 短後/短后
- 秋後算帳/秋后算帐 (qiūhòusuànzhàng)
- 稍後/稍后 (shāohòu)
- 空前絕後/空前绝后 (kōngqiánjuéhòu)
- 窮而後工/穷而后工
- 絕後/绝后 (juéhòu)
- 絕後光前/绝后光前
- 絕後患/绝后患
- 絕後計/绝后计
- 繪事後素/绘事后素
- 續後/续后
- 續後漢書/续后汉书
- 置之腦後/置之脑后
- 羞以牛後/羞以牛后
- 考後/考后 (Kǎohòu)
- 而今而後/而今而后
- 而後/而后 (érhòu)
- 耕前耡後/耕前锄后
- 肘後方/肘后方
- 背前背後/背前背后
- 背後/背后 (bèihòu)
- 腦後/脑后
- 腳後跟/脚后跟 (jiǎohòugēn)
- 自後/自后 (zìhòu)
- 舌尖後音/舌尖后音
- 舌面後音/舌面后音
- 茶餘酒後/茶余酒后 (cháyújiǔhòu)
- 茶餘飯後/茶余饭后 (cháyúfànhòu)
- 落後/落后 (luòhòu)
- 落後國家/落后国家
- 裡急後重/里急后重
- 褪前擦後/褪前擦后
- 誘掖後進/诱掖后进
- 課後輔導/课后辅导
- 謀定後動/谋定后动
- 謀而後動/谋而后动
- 讀後感/读后感 (dúhòugǎn)
- 負後像/负后像
- 貼後/贴后
- 走後門/走后门 (zǒu hòumén)
- 超前絕後/超前绝后
- 趨前退後/趋前退后
- 跋前疐後/跋前疐后 (báqiánzhìhòu)
- 跋前躓後/跋前踬后 (báqiánzhìhòu)
- 身後/身后 (shēnhòu)
- 身後事/身后事 (shēnhòushì)
- 身後蕭條/身后萧条
- 退前縮後/退前缩后
- 退居幕後/退居幕后
- 退後/退后 (tuìhòu)
- 退有後言/退有后言
- 過後/过后 (guòhòu)
- 遠遠落後/远远落后
- 遮前掩後/遮前掩后
- 開後門/开后门
- 陰山背後/阴山背后
- 陳後主/陈后主
- 隨後/随后 (suíhòu)
- 雞口牛後/鸡口牛后 (jīkǒuníuhòu)
- 雨後春筍/雨后春笋 (yǔhòuchūnsǔn)
- 靴後跟/靴后跟
- 預後/预后 (yùhòu)
- 顧前顧後/顾前顾后
- 顧後瞻前/顾后瞻前
- 飯後鐘/饭后钟
- 香煙後代/香烟后代
- 馬後炮/马后炮 (mǎhòupào)
- 馬後砲/马后炮 (mǎhòupào)
- 驢前馬後/驴前马后
- 黃花後生/黄花后生
Descendants
editReferences
edit- “後”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #4914”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
- Douglas, Carstairs (1873) “後”, in Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, [With 1923 Supplement after the Appendix by Thomas Barclay, Shanghai: Commercial Press, Ltd.] edition (overall work in Hokkien and English), London: Trübner & Co., page 140; New Edition (With Chinese Character Glosses) edition, London: Presbyterian Church of England, 1899, page 140
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
edit- Go-on: ぐ (gu)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
- Tō-on: ご (go, Jōyō)
- Kun: あと (ato, 後, Jōyō); うしろ (ushiro, 後ろ, Jōyō); おくれ (okure, 後); おくれ (okure, 後れ); おくれる (okureru, 後れる, Jōyō); しり (shiri, 後); しりえ (shirie, 後え); のち (nochi, 後, Jōyō); ゆり (yuri, 後); うわ (uwa, 後)
- Nanori: こし (koshi); し (shi); しい (shī)
Compounds
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
後 |
あと Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Originally an extension of 跡 (ato, “footprint; leftover”), itself a compound of 足 (a, “foot”) + 所 (to, “place”).[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (spatially) the back, the rear, behind
- (temporally) later time, afterwards, some time after the present
- (in order) the next person or thing
- Antonym: 先 (saki)
- 名簿の後の方 ― meibo no ato no kata ― the next one on the roster
- instead, in place of
- お後は何にしますか。
- O-ato wa nani ni shimasu ka.
- What are you going to do instead?
- お後は何にしますか。
- successor
- descendants, offspring
- wife of remarriage
- Synonym: 後妻
- the rest; certain part, space or thing left
- あとは頼んだぞ。
- Ato wa tanonda zo.
- I leave the rest to you.
- あとは頼んだぞ。
Adverb
edit- later, after, from now on
- 後三分で終了します。
- Ato san-pun de shūryō shimasu.
- It will end in three minutes.
- (literally, “It will end three minutes later.”)
- 後三分で終了します。
Conjunction
edit- afterwards, then
- Synonym: それから
- 後、気付いたことはありませんか。
- Ato, kizuita koto wa arimasen ka.
- Have you ever noticed after that?
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
後 |
うしろ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
後ろ (common) |
For pronunciation and definitions of 後 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 後, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3
editKanji in this term |
---|
後 |
おくれ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 遅れる (okureru, “to be late; to be delayed; to come after something else”). Examples appear from at least the 1300s.[1]
More commonly spelled with the okurigana.
Definitions
editFor pronunciation and definitions of 後 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 後, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.) |
Etymology 4
editKanji in this term |
---|
後 |
しり Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Uncommon alternative spelling.
Definitions
editFor pronunciation and definitions of 後 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 後, is an alternative spelling (less common) of the above term.) |
Etymology 5
editKanji in this term |
---|
後 |
しりえ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
後方 |
From Old Japanese. Found in the Nihon Shoki of 720, and phonetically as 志利弊 (siripe1) in the Man'yōshū of 759.[5]
Compound of 尻 (shiri, “butt, tail, rear”) + 方 (e, “side, facing, way, direction”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- the rear, back, or backside of something
- the rearward or backward direction
- the portion of a palace where a queen or other female imperial consort lives
Etymology 6
editKanji in this term |
---|
後 |
のち Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Ultimate derivation unknown.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editEtymology 7
editKanji in this term |
---|
後 |
ゆり Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Ultimate derivation unknown. May be cognate with より (yori, “from; after”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editEtymology 8
editKanji in this term |
---|
後 |
ご Grade: 2 |
tōon |
Alternative spelling |
---|
后 |
From Middle Chinese 後 (huwX, huwH, “after”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- later, afterwards, some time after the present
- 彼は卒業後に結婚します。
- Kare wa sotsugyōgo ni kekkonshimasu.
- He is going to get married after the graduation.
- 彼は卒業後は大阪の会社に勤めます。
- Kare wa sotsugyōgo wa Ōsaka no kaisha ni tsutomemasu.
- He is going to work for a company in Osaka after the graduation.
- 卒業後、彼は小学校の先生になった。
- Sotsugyōgo, kare wa shōgakkō no sensei ni natta.
- After the graduation, he became a teacher at an elementary school.
- 彼は卒業後に結婚します。
Suffix
editEtymology 9
editKanji in this term |
---|
後 |
こう Grade: 2 |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 後 (huwX, “after”). Classified as the kan'on, so likely a later borrowing. Compare modern Mandarin reading hòu.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editUsage notes
editOnly used in compounds. Never used in isolation.
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ “後方・後”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 後 (MC huwX).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅘᅮᇢ〯 (Yale: hhwǔw) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 뒤〯 (Yale: twǔy) | 후〯 (Yale: hwǔ) |
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɸʷu(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [후(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
editCompounds
edit- 낙후 (落後, nakhu)
- 노후 (老後, nohu)
- 배후 (背後, baehu)
- 사후 (事後, sahu)
- 사후 (死後, sahu)
- 선후 (先後, seonhu)
- 오후 (午後, ohu)
- 이후 (以後, ihu)
- 전후 (前後, jeonhu)
- 직후 (直後, jikhu)
- 차후 (此後, chahu)
- 최후 (最後, choehu)
- 추후 (追後, chuhu)
- 향후 (向後, hyanghu)
- 후계 (後繼, hugye)
- 후기 (後期, hugi)
- 후대 (後代, hudae)
- 후면 (後面, humyeon)
- 후문 (後門, humun)
- 후반 (後半, huban)
- 후방 (後方, hubang)
- 후배 (後排, hubae)
- 후세 (後世, huse)
- 후속 (後續, husok)
- 후손 (後孫, huson)
- 후예 (後裔, huye)
- 후원 (後援, huwon)
- 후자 (後者, huja)
- 후진 (後進, hujin)
- 후천 (後天, hucheon)
- 후퇴 (後退, hutoe)
- 후회 (後悔, huhoe)
- 후유증 (後遺症, huyujeung)
- 후식 (後食, husik)
- 후첨 (後添, hucheom)
References
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading おくれ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おく・れ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おく・れる
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