生
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order (Chinese) | |||
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Stroke order (Chinese) | |||
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Han characterEdit
生 (radical 100, 生+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹手一 (HQM), four-corner 25100, composition ⿻𠂉土)
- Kangxi radical #100, ⽣.
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №215
Derived charactersEdit
- Index:Chinese radical/生
- 𠇷, 𠰮, 𡊳, 夝, 姓, 𭒿, 𭚕, 徃, 性, 泩, 狌, 𭤯, 胜, 栍, 殅, 𤇣, 牲, 珄, 𤬸, 𥑥, 﨡, 𮁢, 𮄫, 旌, 貹, 𧻊, 𨠠, 𡲥, 鉎, 𫕹, 𬈤, 𦎡, 𩲵, 𪊟, 𪌜, 嬎, 鮏, 嬔, 鼪, 𫦽
- 𠡏, 䲼, 眚, 苼, 㚅, 星, 笙, 曐, 㽮, 䴤, 㔟, 𥰁
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- KangXi: page 754, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21670
- Dae Jaweon: page 1162, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2575, character 1
- Unihan data for U+751F
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
生 | |
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alternative forms | 𤯓 |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 生 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
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猜 | *sʰlɯː |
輤 | *sʰleːns |
綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
棈 | *sʰleːns |
蒨 | *sʰeːns |
篟 | *sʰeːns |
生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
牲 | *sreŋ |
笙 | *sreŋ |
甥 | *sreŋ |
鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
珄 | *sreŋ |
鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
狌 | *sreŋ |
眚 | *sreŋʔ |
貹 | *sreŋs |
崝 | *zreːŋ |
精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
清 | *sʰleŋ |
圊 | *sʰleŋ |
請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
凊 | *sʰleŋs |
䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
靚 | *zleŋs |
情 | *zleŋ |
晴 | *zleŋ |
夝 | *zleŋ |
靜 | *zleŋʔ |
靖 | *zleŋʔ |
睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
性 | *sleŋs |
姓 | *sleŋs |
靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
青 | *sʰleːŋ |
靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
胜 | *sleːŋ |
曐 | *sleːŋ |
星 | *sleːŋ |
鮏 | *sleːŋ |
腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
鯹 | *seːŋ |
醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
篂 | *seːŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意): 屮 (“bud”) + 一 (“ground”) – sprouting from the ground.
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). Cognate with Burmese ရှင် (hrang, “to live; alive”), Mizo hring (“to bear; to bring forth; to give birth to; green”).
Schuessler (2007) proposes that Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sriŋ is derived from the root *sri (“to exist”) (whence possibly Chinese 體 (OC *r̥ʰiːʔ, “body; shape; form”)) + *-ŋ (“terminative suffix”).
Both level tone and falling tone readings are found in Middle Chinese, but the latter has since been lost and is merged into the level-tone reading in modern dialects.
Related to 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “blue-green”), 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ, “dark blue; deep green”).
Derivatives: 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature; character; personality; quality”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “family name”).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
生
- to live; to subsist; to exist
- to grow; to develop; to bud
- (causative) to bear; to give birth; to bring up; to rear
- to be born; to come into existence
- offspring; descendant
- pupil; disciple; student
- (historical) scholar; Confucian scholar
- (opera) actor or male character
- Short for 先生 (xiānshēng, “gentleman”).
- (Cantonese) Short for 先生 (xiānshēng, “Mr.”).
- having life; live
- life; existence; being; living
- fresh; not stale
- unripe
- raw; uncooked
- (historical ethnography) uncultured; uncultivated; wild; uncivilized; savage
- 生黎 ― shēng Lí ― wild Li
- strange; unfamiliar
- mechanically; forcedly
- † very; quite; extremely
- vivid; strong; forceful
- innate; natural; born with
- † Original form of 性 (xìng, “intelligence; natural endowment”).
- living things; organism
- livelihood; subsistence
- 謀生 / 谋生 ― móushēng ― to make a living
- lifetime; all one's life
- birthday; anniversary
- to bring back to life; to revive; to rescue
- to generate; to breed; to create
- to manufacture; to produce
- to happen; to occur; to take place
- to catch (a disease)
- (transitive) to be infested by a parasite
- (Buddhism) to go into society; to be reincarnated
- (dialectal) to set up; to put in; to settle
- to light; to ignite (a fire)
- A surname.
SynonymsEdit
Variety | Location | Words |
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Classical Chinese | 生, 長 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 長 | |
Mandarin | Taiwan | 長 |
Muping | 生 | |
Jinan | 長 | |
Wanrong | 長 | |
Xi'an | 長 | |
Ürümqi | 生 | |
Wuhan | 長 | |
Yangzhou | 生 | |
Singapore | 長 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 生 |
Hong Kong | 生 | |
Dongguan | 生 | |
Gan | Lichuan | 長 |
Pingxiang | 生 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 生 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 生 | |
Liudui (S. Sixian) | 生 | |
Hsinchu (Hailu) | 生 | |
Dongshi (Dabu) | 生 | |
Hsinchu (Raoping) | 生 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 長 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 生 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 生 |
Quanzhou | 生 | |
Zhangzhou | 生 | |
Taipei | 生 GT | |
Shantou | 生 | |
Jieyang | 生 | |
Leizhou | 生 | |
Haikou | 生 | |
Wu | Suzhou | 長 |
Wenzhou | 生 | |
Jinhua | 生 | |
Xiang | Loudi | 生 |
Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 活 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 活 |
Taiwan | 活 | |
Jinan | 活 | |
Xi'an | 活 | |
Wuhan | 活 | |
Chengdu | 活 | |
Yangzhou | 活 | |
Hefei | 活 | |
Singapore | 活 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 生 |
Hong Kong | 生 | |
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 生 | |
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 生 | |
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 生 | |
Yangjiang | 生 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 生 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 活 |
Hakka | Meixian | 生 |
Hong Kong | 生 | |
Senai (Huiyang) | 生 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 活 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 生 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 活 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 活 |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 活 | |
Chaozhou | 活 | |
Bangkok (Teochew) | 活 | |
Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 活 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 活 | |
Wu | Suzhou | 活 |
Wenzhou | 活, 健 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 活 |
Shuangfeng | 活 |
CompoundsEdit
DescendantsEdit
JapaneseEdit
Stroke order (Japan) | |||
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Stroke order (Japan) | |||
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KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
- Tō-on: さん (san)
- Kun: いきる (ikiru, 生きる, Jōyō); いかす (ikasu, 生かす, Jōyō); いける (ikeru, 生ける, Jōyō); うむ (umu, 生む, Jōyō); うまれる (umareru, 生まれる, Jōyō); うまれる (umareru, 生れる); うまれ (umare, 生れ); おう (ou, 生う, Jōyō); はえる (haeru, 生える, Jōyō); はやす (hayasu, 生やす, Jōyō); き (ki, 生, Jōyō); なま (nama, 生, Jōyō); なる (naru, 生る); なす (nasu, 生す); むす (musu, 生す)
- Nanori: あさ (asa); い (i); いき (iki); いく (iku); いけ (ike); うぶ (ubu); うまい (umai); え (e); おい (oi); ぎゅう (gyū); くるみ (kurumi); ごせ (gose); さ (sa); じょ (jo); すぎ (sugi); そ (so); そう (sō); ちる (chiru); なば (naba); にう (niu); にゅう (nyū); ふ (fu); み (mi); もう (mō); よい (yoi); りゅう (ryū)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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生 |
なま Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Numerous derivatives already in use in the Heian period.[1][2]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- a raw, uncooked state
- 肉を生のまま食べると、腹を壊すことがある。
- Niku o nama no mama taberu to, hara o kowasu koto ga aru.
- You may have a stomachache if you eat raw meat.
- 肉を生のまま食べると、腹を壊すことがある。
- Short for 生ビール (“draft beer”).
PrefixEdit
- (broadcasting) live
- 生演奏
- namaensō
- live performance
- 生演奏
- fresh, draft
- 生クリーム
- nama kurīmu
- fresh cream
- 生ビール
- nama bīru
- draft beer
- 生クリーム
- raw, uncooked, rare
- 生卵
- nama tamago
- a raw egg
- 生卵
- natural, unprocessed
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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生 |
せい Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 生 (MC ʃˠæŋ, ʃˠæŋH, “alive; fresh; raw; unprocessed”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- a living
- 生を営む
- sei o itonamu
- make a living
- 生を営む
- life
- 生の喜び
- sei no yorokobi
- the joys of life
- Synonym: 命 (inochi)
- 生の喜び
PronounEdit
- (humble) I or me, the first person singular (used by males)
SuffixEdit
- a student
- 中学生、大学生、受験生
- chūgakusei, daigakusei, jukensei
- middle-school student, university student, test-taking student → examinee
- 中学生、大学生、受験生
- (be) born in
- 1950年生
- sen-kyūhyaku-gojū-nen sei
- born in 1950
- Antonym: 歿 (botsu) ("died in")
- 1950年生
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
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生 |
き Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Likely a contraction from 生き (iki, “life, living; freshness”).[1]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- purity, a lack of any admixture, a state of being undiluted
- ウィスキーを生で飲む
- wisukī o ki de nomu
- drink whiskey straight
- ウィスキーを生で飲む
PrefixEdit
- unrefined
- 生糸
- kiito
- raw silk
- 生糸
- pure, undefiled, unadulterated
- 生娘
- kimusume
- innocent young girl
- 生娘
Derived termsEdit
- See 生/derived terms § Ki.
Etymology 4Edit
Kanji in this term |
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生 |
しょう Grade: 1 |
goon |
From Middle Chinese 生 (MC ʃˠæŋ, ʃˠæŋH). The 呉音 (goon) reading, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.
PronunciationEdit
AffixEdit
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 生 (MC ʃˠæŋ, ʃˠæŋH).
Historical readings |
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PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɛŋ] ~ [sʰe̞ŋ]
- Phonetic hangeul: [생/셍]
HanjaEdit
- Hanja form? of 생 (“raw; uncooked”).
- Hanja form? of 생 (“of life; to be born”).
- Hanja form? of 생 (“to produce”).
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
OkinawanEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- On: そー (sō)
- Kun: っんまりゆん ('nmariyun, 生まりゆん); なすん (nasun, 生すん); いちちゅん (ichichun, 生ちちゅん); いかすん (ikasun, 生かすん)
CompoundsEdit
- 生日 ('nmaribī)
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
生: Hán Việt readings: sinh[1][2][3][4], sanh (
生: Nôm readings: sanh[1][2][5][4][6][7], siêng[1][3][5][4][6][7], sinh[1][2][3][4][7], xinh[1][2][3][5], xênh[1][3][5], sống[1], xanh[1]
- Hán tự form of sinh (“to produce; to yield; to give birth to”).
- Hán tự form of sanh (“to be born”).
- Nôm form of siêng (“dilligent; assiduous”).