生

See also: 主 and 玍

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Japanese stroke order

Historical forms of the character 生
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script

Han characterEdit

生 (radical 100 生+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹手一 (HQM), four-corner 2510₀, composition ⿻𠂉土)

1. Kangxi radical #100, ⽣ ‎(“life”).

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 754, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21670
• Dae Jaweon: page 1162, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2575, character 1
• Unihan data for U+751F

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		生

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shēng (sheng¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saang¹, sang¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sâng / sên
• Min Dong (BUC): săng / sĕng
• Min Nan (POJ): chheⁿ / chhiⁿ / seⁿ / siⁿ / seng
• Wu (Wiktionary): san (T1); sen (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: shēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ
    • Wade-Giles: shêng¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheng
    • IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: saang¹, sang¹
    • Yale: sāang, sāng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saang¹, sang¹
    • IPA ^(key): /sɑːŋ⁵⁵/, /sɐŋ⁵⁵/
    • Note: saang1 - vernacular; sang1 - literary.
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâng / sên
    • Hakka Romanization System: sang´ / sen´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sang¹ / sen¹
    • IPA: /saŋ²⁴/, /sen²⁴/
    • Note: sâng - vernacular; sên - literary.
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: săng / sĕng
    • IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁵⁵/, /sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheⁿ / chhiⁿ / seⁿ / siⁿ / seng
    • Tâi-lô: tshenn / tshinn / senn / sinn / sing
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhvef, chvy, svef, svy, sefng
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/, /sẽ⁴⁴/, /ɕĩ⁴⁴/, /ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/, /sɛ̃⁴⁴/, /ɕĩ⁴⁴/, /ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • Note: chheⁿ, chhiⁿ, seⁿ, siⁿ - vernacular; seng - literary.
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: san (T1); sen (T1)
    • IPA ^(key): /sã⁵³/, /səɲ⁵³/
    • Note: 1san - vernacular; 1sen - literary.

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 生
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂəŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ʂəŋ⁴/
	Tianjin	/səŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/ʂəŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ʂəŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/səŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/səŋ²¹/
	Xining	/sə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/səŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ʂə̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/sɤŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/sən⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/sən⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/sen⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/sə̃/
	Nanjing	/sən³¹/
	Hefei	/sən²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/səŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/səŋ¹³/ /ʂʐ̩e̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/səŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/sã⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/sen³³/
	Wenzhou	/siɛ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/sʌ̃³¹/ /sɛ³¹/
	Tunxi	/ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/sən³³/
	Xiangtan	/siẽ³³/ /sən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɑŋ⁴²/ /sɛn⁴²/ ～意
Hakka	Meixian	/saŋ⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/sɑŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɐŋ⁵³/ /saŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/saŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/siŋ⁵⁵/ /sĩ⁵⁵/ ～死 /t͡sʰĩ⁵⁵/ ～肉
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/saŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/saiŋ⁵⁴/ 學～ /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁴/ ～熟
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/seŋ³³/ /sẽ³³/ /t͡sʰẽ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/seŋ²³/ /sɔŋ²³/ /tɛ²³/ ～活 /sɛ²³/ 不熟

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• Middle Chinese: /ʃˠæŋ/, /ʃˠæŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	生	生
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	所庚切	所敬切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠæŋ/	/ʃˠæŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚaŋ/	/ʃᵚaŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃaŋ/	/ʃaŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨjŋ/	/ʂaɨjŋH/
Li Rong	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋH/
Wang Li	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂɐŋ/	/ʂɐŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēng	shèng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*sreŋ/, /*sreŋ/, /*sreŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ/, /*sreŋs/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	生	生	生
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shēng	shēng	shēng
Middle Chinese	‹ sræng ›	‹ sræng ›	‹ srjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?)	/*sreŋ/	/*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?)
English	bear, be born; live	fresh, raw	bear, be born; live
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	生	生
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	11312	11322
Phonetic component	生	生
Rime group	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	生	生
Old Chinese	/*sʰleːŋ/	/*sreŋs/

DefinitionsEdit

生

1. gentleman
2. student

   • 你作為全日制生必須定期上課。 [MSC, trad.]

     你作为全日制生必须定期上课。 [MSC, simp.]

     Nǐ zuòwèi quánrìzhì shēng bìxū dìngqī shàngkè. [Pinyin]

     As a full-time student, you should attend classes on a regular basis.

3. actor or a male character, especially in Chinese operas
4. (Cantonese) Mr

   ⇒ 先生

5. to give birth; to bear

   • 她妻子生了一對雙胞胎女孩。 [MSC, trad.]

     她妻子生了一对双胞胎女孩。 [MSC, simp.]

     Tā qīzǐ shēng le yī duì shuāngbāotāi nǚhái. [Pinyin]

     His wife gave birth to twin girls.

   • John 1.9

   • 那光是真光，照亮一切生在世上的人。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

     Nà guāng shì zhēn guāng, zhàoliàng yīqiè shēng zài shìshàng de rén. [Pinyin]

     That was the true Light, which lighteth every man that cometh into the world.

6. to be born
   • 他生在中國 / 他生在中国  ―  tā shēng zài zhōngguó  ―  He is born in China
7. to grow
   • 紅豆生南國 / 红豆生南国  ―  hóngdòu shēng nán guó  ―  Red berries grow in southern lands.
8. to light (a fire)
   • 母親沒有生爐子。 / 母亲没有生炉子。  ―  Mǔqīn méi yǒu shēng lúzǐ.  ―  Mother did not light the stove.
9. raw; uncooked

   • 我不喜歡在我色拉裡的生洋蔥。 [MSC, trad.]

     我不喜欢在我色拉里的生洋葱。 [MSC, simp.]

     Wǒ bù xǐhuān zài wǒ sèlā lǐ de shēng yángcōng. [Pinyin]

     I do not like raw onions in my salad.

   • 我覺得呢塊肉仲係太生。 [Cantonese, trad.]

     我觉得呢块肉仲系太生。 [Cantonese, simp.]

     Ngo⁵ gok³ dak¹ ne¹ faai³ juk⁶ zung⁶ hai⁶ taai³ saang¹. [Jyutping]

     I think this piece of meat is too raw.

10. unfamiliar

CompoundsEdit

Terms derived from 生

• 先生 (xiānshēng, “mister, sir, husband”)
• 生人 (shēngrén, “a stranger”)
• 生動／生动 (shēngdòng)
• 生化 (shēnghuà, “biochemistry”)
• 生命 (shēngmìng, “life, existence”)
• 生地 (shēngdì, “root of the Rehmannia glutinosa (Chinese herb)”)
• 生字
• 生意 (shēngyi, “business, trade”)
• 生態／生态 (shēngtài, “ecology”)
• 生搬硬套
• 生效 (shēngxiào)

• 生日 (shēngrì, “birthday”)
• 生根 (shēnggēn)
• 生機／生机 (shēngjī)
• 生死 (shēngsǐ, “life and death, to live and die”)
• 生殖 (shēngzhí)
• 生氣／生气 (shēngqì, “angry, upset”)
• 生活 (shēnghuó, “life, existence, livelihood, lifestyle”)
• 生活問題／生活问题
• 生火
• 生物 (shēngwù, “living being, organism”)
• 生理 (shēnglǐ, “physiology”)

• 生產／生产 (shēngchǎn, “production”)
• 生疏 (shēngshū, “out of practice, rusty, not familiar”)
• 生病 (shēngbìng, “ill, sick”)
• 生發／生发
• 生絲／生丝
• 生計／生计 (shēngjì)
• 生詞／生词 (shēngcí, “a new word that one is not familiar with”)
• 生變／生变 (shēngbiàn, “to occur unexpectedly”)
• 生長／生长 (shēngzhǎng)
• 生靈／生灵 (shēnglíng, “the people, the citizenry”)
• 衛生／卫生 (wèishēng, “hygienic, hygiene, sanitation, health”)

ReferencesEdit

• (Min Nan) “Entry #1852”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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JapaneseEdit

Japanese stroke order

Japanese stroke order

KanjiEdit

生

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: しょう (shō)
• Kan’on: せい (sei)
• Tōon: さん (san) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kun: いきる (生きる, ikiru), いかす (生かす, ikasu), い.ける (生ける, ikeru), うむ (生む, umu), うまれる (生まれる, 生れる, umareru), うまれ (生まれ, 生れ, umare), おう (生う, ou), はえる (生える, haeru), はやす (生やす, hayasu), き (ki), なま (nama), なる (生る, naru), なす (生す, nasu), むす (生す, musu)
• Nanori: あさ (asa), い (i), いき (iki), いく (iku), いけ (ike), うぶ (ubu), うまい (umai), え (e), おい (oi), ぎゅう (gyū), くるみ (kurumi), ごせ (gose), さ (sa), じょう (jō), すぎ (sugi), そ (so), そう (sō), ちる (chiru), なば (naba), にう (niu), にゅう (nyū), ふ (fu), み (mi), もう (mō), よい (yoi), りゅう (ryū)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

生憎 (あいにく) ‎(ainiku): unfortunately 生身 (いきみ) ‎(ikimi) 生物 (いきもの) ‎(ikimono): living being 生花 (いけばな) ‎(ikebana) 学生 (がくせい) ‎(gakusei): student 桐生 (きりゅう) ‎(kiryū): (Japanese surname) 生育 (せいいく) ‎(seiiku) 生花 (せいか) ‎(seika) 生家 (せいか) ‎(seika) 生活 (せいかつ) ‎(seikatsu) 生還 (せいかん) ‎(seikan) 生気 (せいき) ‎(seiki)

生計 (せいけい) ‎(seikei) 生後 (せいご) ‎(seigo) 生彩 (せいさい) ‎(seisai) 生殺 (せいさつ) ‎(seisatsu) 生殺与奪 (せいさつよだつ) ‎(seisatsu yodatsu) 生死 (せいし) ‎(seishi) 生殖 (せいしょく) ‎(seishoku) 生新 (せいしん) ‎(seishin) 生成 (せいせい) ‎(seisei) 生鮮 (せいせん) ‎(seisen) 生前 (せいぜん) ‎(seizen) 生存 (せいぞん) ‎(seizon)

生体 (せいたい) ‎(seitai) 生態 (せいたい) ‎(seitai) 生長 (せいちょう) ‎(seichō) 生徒 (せいと) ‎(seito): student 生物 (せいぶつ) ‎(seibutsu): living being 生命 (せいめい) ‎(seimei) 生来 (せいらい) ‎(seirai) 生涯 (しょうがい) ‎(shōgai) 生者 (しょうじゃ) ‎(shōja) 生者必滅 (しょうじゃひつめつ) ‎(shōjahitsumetsu) 生身 (しょうじん) ‎(shōjin) 生身 (なまみ) ‎(namami)

NounEdit

Kanji in this term
生
なま Grade: 1
kun'yomi

生 ‎(hiragana なま, romaji nama)

1. raw

   生 (なま)卵 (たまご)

   nama tamago

   a raw egg

   肉 (にく)を生 (なま)のまま食 (た)べると、腹 (はら)を壊 (こわ)すことがある。

   Niku o nama no mama taberu to, hara o kowasu koto ga aru.

   You may have a stomachache if you eat raw meat.

2. fresh, draft

   生 (なま)クリーム

   nama kurīmu

   fresh cream

   生 (なま)ビール

   nama bīru

   draft beer

PrefixEdit

生 ‎(hiragana なま, romaji nama-)

1. live
2. raw, uncooked, rare
3. natural, unprocessed

SuffixEdit

Kanji in this term
生
せい Grade: 1
on'yomi

生 ‎(hiragana せい, romaji -sei)

1. a student

   中学 (ちゅうがく)生 (せい)、大学 (だいがく)生 (せい)、受験 (じゅけん)生 (せい)

   chūgakusei, daigakusei, jukensei

   middle-school student, university student, test-taking student → examinee

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

生 • ‎(saeng)
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 생 (McCune-Reischauer: saeng, Yale: sayng)

• Name (hangeul): 나다 (revised: nada, McCune-Reischauer: nada, Yale: nata)

Middle Korean ᄉᆡᆼ, IPA pronunciation estimate is Sʌiŋ.

1. fresh

CompoundsEdit

• 生日 (생일, saeng-il): birthday
• 生麥酒 (생맥주, saengmaekju): draft/draught beer
• 妓生 (기생, gisaeng): kisaeng

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

生 (sinh, sanh, siêng, xênh, xinh)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

CompoundsEdit

• 生素 ‎(sinh tố)