享

See also: 亨, 亭, and 亯

享	U+4EAB, 享 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EAB

← 亪
[U+4EAA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

京 →
[U+4EAC]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

享 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜口弓木 (YRND), four-corner 0040₇, composition ⿳亠口子)

Derived charactersEdit

郭孰敦

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 88, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 298
Dae Jaweon: page 187, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 284, character 8
Unihan data for U+4EAB

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		享
alternative forms		亯

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 享

Shang

Western Zhou

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Oracle bone script

Bronze inscriptions

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Oracle bone script**
j13528	j13529	j13530	j13531	j13532	j13533	j13534	j13535
j13536	j13537	j13538	j13539	j13540	j13541	j13542

**Bronze inscriptions**
b08333	b08334	b08335	b08336	b08337	b08338	b08339	b08340
b08341	b08342	b08343	b08344	b08345	b08346	b08347	b08348
b08349	b08350	b08351	b08352	b08353	b08354	b08355	b08356
b08357	b08358	b08359	b08360	b08361	b08362	b08363	b08364
b08365	b08366	b08367	b08368	b08369	b08370	b08371	b08372
b08373	b08374	b08375	b08376	b08377	b08378	b08379	b08380
b08381	b08382	b08383	b08384	b08385	b08386	b08387	b08388
b08389	b08390	b08391	b08392	b08393	b08394	b08395	b08396
b08397	b08398	b08399	b08400	b08401	b08402	b08403	b08404
b08405	b08406	b08408	b08409	b08410	b08411	b08412	b08413
b08414	b08415	b08416	b08417

**Small seal script**
s03838	s03839

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L35082	L35083	L35084	L35085	L35086	L17490	L17491	L17492
L17493	L17494	L17495	L17496	L17497	L17498	L17499	L17500
L17501	L17502	L17503	L17504	L17505	L17506	L17507

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (亨) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
亨	qʰaŋʔ, pqʰraːŋ, *qʰraːŋ
享	*qʰaŋʔ
烹	*pqʰraːŋ
脝	*qʰraːŋ
悙	*qʰraːŋ
哼	*qʰraːŋ

See 亯.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiǎng (xiang³)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hoeng²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hióng
Min Dong (BUC): hiōng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hióng / hiáng

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiang²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siǎng
  - Wade–Giles: hsiang³
  - Yale: syǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheang
  - Palladius: сян (sjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɑŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hoeng²
  - Yale: héung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng²
  - Guangdong Romanization: hêng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœ̽ːŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hióng
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiong`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiong³
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯oŋ³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyoŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hióng
  - Tâi-lô: hióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiorng
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /hiɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiáng
  - Tâi-lô: hiáng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiarng
  - IPA (Taipei, Zhangzhou): /hiaŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiaŋ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiang²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiaŋ⁵²/

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[qʰ]ˤraŋ/, /*[qʰ]aŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰaŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	享	享
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiǎng	xiǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ xæng ›	‹ xjang^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[qʰ]ˁraŋ/ (W dialect)	/*[qʰ]aŋʔ/
English	penetrate	offer in sacrifice; food offering
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	享
Reading #	1/1
No.	5112
Phonetic component	亨
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	響
Old Chinese	/*qʰaŋʔ/
Notes	說文亯或體

DefinitionsEdit

享

to enjoy
(obsolete) to offer (to a superior); to present; to pay (a tribute)
- 昔有成湯、自彼氐羌、莫敢不來享、莫敢不來王、曰商是常。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  昔有成汤、自彼氐羌、莫敢不来享、莫敢不来王、曰商是常。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Xī yǒu chéng Tāng, zì bǐ Dǐ Qiāng, mò gǎn bùlái xiǎng, mò gǎn bùlái wáng, yuē Shāng shì cháng. [Pinyin]
  Formerly, in the time of Tang the Successful, even from the Qiang and Di, they dared not but come with their offerings; [their chiefs] dared not but come to seek the king's acknowledgment: such is the regular rule of Shang.'

CompoundsEdit

享受 (xiǎngshòu)
享堂
享宴
享年 (xiǎngnián)
享御
享有 (xiǎngyǒu)
享殿
享用 (xiǎngyòng)
享福 (xiǎngfú)
共享 (gòngxiǎng)
分享 (fēnxiǎng)

坐享 (zuòxiǎng)
坐享其成 (zuòxiǎngqíchéng)
安享 (ānxiǎng)
安享天年
有福同享
民享 (mínxiǎng)
祭享
配享
享國／享国 (xiǎngguó)
享壽／享寿

享樂／享乐 (xiǎnglè)
享樂主義／享乐主义 (xiǎnglè zhǔyì)
享譽／享誉
來享／来享
共享軟體／共享软体 (gòngxiǎng ruǎntǐ)
安享餘年／安享余年
廟享／庙享
獨享／独享 (dúxiǎng)
獨享權益／独享权益
賓享／宾享

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

享

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

to enjoy
to receive
to undergo
to answer (the phone)

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
Kun: うける (ukeru, 享ける); すすめる (susumeru)

KoreanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese 享 (MC *xiaŋ^X).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	햐ᇰ〯 (Yale: hyǎng)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576	졔ᄉᆞ (Yale: cyeyso)	향 (Yale: hyang)

PronunciationEdit

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ça̠(ː)ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [향(ː)]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

享

Wikisource

享 (eumhun 누릴 향 (nuril hyang))

Hanja form^? of 향 (“to enjoy”). [affix]

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

향락 (享樂, hyangnak)
향수 (享受, hyangsu)
향유 (享有, hyang'yu)
향년 (享年, hyangnyeon)

ReferencesEdit

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

享: Hán Nôm readings: hưởng

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